Lafayette 32020 Purdue Pegboard Test Manual

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Users Manual
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Model 32020 Users Manual
Model 32020
PURDUE PEGBOARD TEST
USER INSTRUCTIONS
3700 Sagamore Parkway North
P.O. Box 5729 Lafayette, IN 47903 USA
Tel: 765.423.1505 800.428.7545
Fax: 765.423.4111
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Lafayette Instrument PURDUE PEGBOARD TEST
Table of Contents:
Preface:
Introduction
Application
Administration:
Test Batteries and Timing
Equipment Required
Test Procedures:
General Instructions
Right Hand
Left Hand
Both Hands
Right + Left + Both (sum of scores)
Assembly
Hamm and Curtis (1980)
Reliability and Validity:
Reliability - Tifn (1948)
Validity - Tifn (1948)
Validity - Fleshman and Ellison (1962)
Validity - Costa, et. al (1963)
Normative Data:
Normative Data and Results - Tifn (1948)
Results - Costa, et. al (1963)
Results - Kane and Gill (1972)
Normative Data - Gardner and Broman (1972)
Results - Hamm and Curits (1980)
Results - Leslie, Davidson and Batey (1985)
Interpretation and Scoring:
Types of Interpretation Scales
Using New Interpretation Charts
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Replacement Parts and Reordering Score Sheets:
References:
Appendix A (Normative Data):

Appendix B (As a Predictor of the Presence and Literality of
Cerebral Lesions):
Appendix C (As a Screening Device):
Appendix D (Normative Data on School Children):
Appendix E (Normative Data on a Sample for Vocational
Rehabilitation):
Appendix F (Performance of Disabled and Normal):
Interpretation Chart Examples:
Figure 1: Male & Female, Production Work Chart
Figure 2A: Male & Female, Assembly Jobs
Figure 2B: Male & Female, General Factory Work
Figure 2C: Male & Female, Production Work
Figure 2D: Female, Electronic Production Work
Figure 2E: Female, Hourly Production Workers
Figure 2F: Male, Hourly Production Workers
Figure 2G: Male, Maintenance & Service Employees
Figure 2H: Female, Sewing-Machine Operator
Ordering Information:
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PREFACE
Intradact/an
JosephTiffn,Ph.D.,IndustrialPsychologist,PurdueUniversity(1948),frstdevelopedthePurduePegboardforthe
selectionofemployeesforindustrialjobs.Todaytheboardhasvariousapplications.ThisQuickReferenceGuide
focusessolelyonTiffn`soriginaltestproceduresandtestnorms,whicharepresentedinTables9-16withinAppendix
AofthePurduePegboardManual(PPM).
Inadditiontotheoriginaltest,testproceduresanddataappearinPPMforthefollowingapplications:
Indicatingthepresenceandlateralityofbraindamage(Costaet.Al.1963);
Discriminatingchildrenwithlearningdisabilities(KaneandGill1972);
Assessingperformanceofschoolchildrenwithneurologicallybasedlearningdisabilities(GardnerandBroman
1979);
Assessingcandidatesforvocationalrehabilitation(HammandCurtis1980)`
Assessingtheperformanceofdyslexicsubjects(Leslie,Davidson,andBatey1985).
App//cat/an
ThePurduePegboardaidsintheselectionandrehabilitationofemployeesforvarioustypesofmanuallaborby
measuring2typesofdexterity:
1. Grossmovementsofthefngers,hands,andarms
2. Finefngertipdexteritynecessaryinassemblytasks
ThePurduePegboardcanbeusedformanytestingapplications,suchasPhysicalTherapy,OccupationalTherapy,
VocationalEvaluation,andPre-employmentScreening.Otherapplicationsforthetestcanbefoundbydoinga
bibliographysearch.
PhysicalandOccupationaltherapistsusethePurduePegboardforinjuryrehabilitation.Theyusethetestasatoolto
obtainbaselinedataonapatient.Theyalsouseittodocumentpatientprogressand/ordegreeofdisability.
VocationalEvaluatorsusethePurduePegboardtodetermineasubject`sabilityandaptitudeforcertainwork-related
applicationsandforrecommendingplacementinjobsthatrequiremanualdexterity.ThePurduePegboardisalsoused
todevelopaspecifctrainingprogramthatwillgiveanindividualtheskillstocompleteajobtaskthatrequiresmanual
dexterity.
HumanResourceDirectorsandTemporaryStaffngAgenciesusethePurduePegboardasapre-employmentscreening
andselectiontool.Anapplicant`sperformanceonthePurduePegboardcanindicatetheirabilitytoperformina
job/taskthatrequiresmanualdexterity.Nate:Itisstronglyrecommendedthatthetestingorganizationshows
acorrelationbetweenasubject`sperformanceonthePurduePegboardandasubject`sperformanceinthe
specihcjobtask.Thismaybeaccomplishedbytestingsubjectscurrentlyworkinginaspecifcjobtaskwhoarehigh
performersandlowperformers.ThentestthesamesubjectsusingthePurduePegboard.Thehighperformersshould
scorehigheronthePurduePegboardthanthelowperformers.
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ADMINISTRATION
BeforeadministeringthePurduePegboardTest,thetestadministratorisadvisedtocarefullyreadthis
sectionofthemanual.Aswithanystandardizedtest,itisimportanttofollowthedirectionsveryclosely.If
thePurduePegboardTestistobeusedasabasisforemployeeselection,thetestmustbeadministeredtoall
applicantsaccordingtothestandardizedtestprocedure.Ifthetestisnotgivenidentically,irrelevantfactors
mayaffecttestscores.Inordertoreducethevariabilityamongtestadministrators,specifcdetailsregarding
thearrangementofmaterialsandthetestingproceduresarepresentedbelow.
PracticetheadministrationofthePurduePegboardbeforeconductingatestonasubject.Theamount
ofpracticeneededinordertobecomecomfortablewiththetestingprocessiddependentuponthetest
administrator`sprevioustestingexperience.ThetestadministratorshouldpracticethePurduePegboarduntil
heorsheisabletoperformeachofthetestsatanaveragespeedfordemonstrationpurposes.Nate:Thetest
administratorwillbedemonstratingtothetestsubjectwhatisexpectedofhimorherbeforeeachtest.
TestBatter/esandT/m/ng
Thetestadministratorwillcompile5separatescoresfromthecompletetestprocedure,oneforeachtest
battery:
1. RightHand(30seconds)
2. LeftHand(30seconds)
3. BothHands(30seconds)
4. Right+Left+BothHandsNate:Thisisnotanactualtest;itisamathematicalsumcalculation.
5. Assembly(60seconds)
Thetestbatteriesshouldbedoneinthisconsecutiveorder,unlessthesubjectisleft-handed,wheretest
batteries1and2arereversed:LeftHandfrstandthenRightHand.Threetesttrialsarehighlyrecommended:
themoretrialsadministered,themoretestscorereliability.Nate:Thetestiswellsuitedforeithergroupor
individualtesting.
Eqa/pmentReqa/red
ThefollowingequipmentandsuppliesarerequiredtoensurethattheLafayetteInstrumentPurduePegboard
Testisconsistent,standardizedtest:
1. PurduePegboardTest(Model#32020)
a. InstructionManual
b. 1TestBoard
c. Pins,Collars,Washers
d. ScoreSheets
2. Atleastonetestingtableapproximately30inchestall.Nate:Thesubjectmustbeseated
throughouttheadministrationofthetest
3. Stopwatchorclockthatreadsinseconds
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TESTPROCEDURES
Genera/Instract/ans
ThesubjectshouldbecomfortablyseatedatthetestingtabledirectlyinfrontofthePurduePegboard,which
isplacedonthetablewiththerowofcups(Underthenameplate)atthetopoftheboard.Thefarrightandfar
leftcupsshouldhave25pinsineachtoequalatotalof50pins.Forright-handedsubjects,thecuptotheright
ofcentershouldhave40washers.Ifthesubjectisleft-handed,thecollarandwasherlocationsshouldbeon
thereversesideofcenter.Thefollowingdirectionsareforsinglesubjecttestingandshouldbeappropriately
modifedforgrouptesting.
Whenthesubject(s)isseatedandreadytobegin,say:
'Th/s/satesttaseehawqa/ck/yandaccarate/yyaacanwarkw/thyaarhands.Befareyaabeg/neach
batteryafthetest,yaaw///beta/dwhattadaandthenyaaw///hareanappartan/tytapract/ce.Besareyaa
anderstandexact/ywhattada.'
R/ghtHand(30secands)
Beginbysayinganddemonstrating:
'P/ckapanep/natat/mew/thyaarr/ghthandframther/ght-handedcap.Start/ngw/ththetapha/e,p/ace
eachp/n/nther/ght-handedraw.(Learethep/nasedfardemanstrat/an/ntheha/e.)Nawyaamay/nserta
fewp/nsfarpract/ce.Ifdar/ngthetest/ngt/meyaadrapap/n,danatstaptap/ck/tap.S/mp/ycant/naeby
p/ck/nganatherp/naatafthecap.'
Correctanyerrorsmadeinplacingthepinsandansweranyquestions.Whenthesubjecthasinsertedthreeor
fourpinsandappearstounderstandtheoperation,say:
'Stap.Nawtakeaatthepract/cep/nsandpatthemback/ntather/ght-handedcap.'
Afterthesubjectcompletesthistask,say:
'WhenIsayBeg/n,'p/aceasmanyp/nsaspass/b/e/nther/ght-handedraw,start/ngw/ththetapha/e.
Warkasrap/d/yasyaacanant//IsayStap.''
'Areyaaready?Beg/n.'
StarttimingwhenyousayBegin.Attheendofexactly30seconds,say:
'Stap.'
CountthenumberofpinsinsertedandrecordtheRightHandscore.Thisisthetotalnumberofpinsthesubject
placedwiththerighthand.Leavethepinsintheholes.
LeftHand(30secands)
Beginbysaying:
'P/ckapanep/natat/mew/thyaar/efthandframthe/eft-handedcap.P/aceeachp/n/nthe/eft-handed
raw,start/ngw/ththetapha/e.Yaamay/nsertafewp/nsfarpract/ce.'
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Whenthesubjecthasinsertedthreeorfourpinsandappearstounderstandtheoperation,say:
'Stap.Nawtakeaatthepract/cep/ns,andpatthemback/ntathe/eft-handedcap.'
Afterthesubjectcompletesthistask,say:
'WhenIsayBeg/n,'p/aceasmanyp/nsaspass/b/e/nthe/eft-handedraw,start/ngw/ththetapha/e.Wark
asrap/d/yasyaacanant//IsayStap.''
StarttimingexactlywhenyousayBegin.Attheendofexactly30seconds,say:
'Stap.'
CountthenumberofpinsinsertedandrecordtheLeft-Handscore.Thisisthetotalnumberofpinsthesubject
placedwiththelefthand.Leavethepinsintheholes.AftertheRightHandandLeft-Handtestbatterieshave
beencompleted,thesubjectreturnsallpinstotheirpropercups.
BathHands(30secands)
Thistestbatterytestsbothhandsworkingtogether.Beginbysaying:
'Farth/spartafthetest,yaaw///asebathhandsatthesamet/me.P/ckapap/nframther/ght-handed
capw/thyaarr/ghthand,andatthesamet/mep/ckapap/nframthe/eft-handedcapw/thyaar/efthand.
Thenp/acethep/nsdawntheraws.Beg/nw/ththetapha/eafbathraws.(Demonstrate.Thenreplacethe
pinsusedfordemonstration.)Nawyaamay/nsertafewp/nsw/thbathhandsfarpract/ce.'
Afterthesubjecthasthreeoffourpairsofpracticepinscorrectlyinserted,say:
'Stap.Takeaatthepract/cep/ns,andpatthemback/nthe/rcaps.'
Thensay:
'WhenIsayBeg/n,'p/aceasmanyp/nsaspass/b/ew/thbathhands,start/ngw/ththetapha/eafbathraws.
Warkasrap/d/yasyaacan,ant//IsayStap.`
StarttimingwhenyousayBegin.Attheendofexactly30seconds,say
'Stap.'
Countthenumberofpairsofpinsinserted(notthetotalnumberofpins),andrecordthescore.Thesubject
thenreturnsthepinstothepropercups.
R/ght+Left+Bath(Samafscares)
Thisscoreisnotbasedonaseparatetest;itisobtainedfromcombiningthetestscoresothepreviousthreetest
batteries.AddthescoresrecorderforRightHand,LeftHand,andBothHands;thisisthescorethatyourecord
forR+L+Both.
Thisscoredoesnothavetoberecordedduringtheactualtestingperiod.TheAssemblytestmaybegin
immediatelyaftertheBothHandsscoreisrecorded.
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Assemb/y(1m/nate)
Thistestbatteryconsistsofassemblingpins,collars,andwashers.Demonstratethefollowingoperations
whilesaying:
'P/ckapanep/nframther/ght-handedcapw/thyaarr/ghthand.Wh//eyaaarep/ac/ng/t/nthetapha/e
/nther/ght-handedraw,p/ckapawasherw/thyaar/efthand.Assaanasthep/nhasbeenp/aced,drap
thewasherarerthep/n.Wh//ethewasher/sbe/ngp/acedarerthep/nw/thyaa/efthand,p/ckapaca//ar
w/thyaarr/ghthand.Wh//etheca//ar/sbe/ngdrappedarerthep/n,p/ckapanatherwasherw/thyaar/eft
handanddrap/tarertheca//ar.Th/scamp/etestherstassemb/y,'cans/st/ngafap/n,awasher,aca//ar,
andawasher.Wh//ethena/washerfartherstassemb/y/sbe/ngp/acedw/thyaar/efthand,startthe
secandassemb/y/mmed/ate/ybyp/ck/ngapanatherp/nw/thyaarr/ghthand.P/ace/t/nthenextha/e;
drapawasherarer/tw/thyaar/efthand,andsaan,camp/et/nganatherassemb/y.Nawtakeamamentta
tryafewpract/ceassemb//es.'
Emphasizethatbothhandsshouldbeoperatingatalltimes:onepickingupapin,oneawasher,oneacollar,
andsoon,
Thesubjectshouldbeallowedtomakefourorfvecompleteassembliesbeforethetestisbeguntomake
certainthesubjectfullyunderstandsthealternatingprocedure.Thesubjectmustkeepbothhandsmoving
atthesametime.Ifheorshefailstodothis,theadministratorshouldgivefurtherinstructions.Nate:Ifthe
subjectisleft-handed,thewasherandcollarlocationsinthecupsareswitched.Thesubjectbeginsby
pickingupthepinwithhis/herlefthand,thecollarwithhis/herrighthand,thecollarwithhis/herleft
hand,anotherwasherwithhis/herrighthandandsoonthroughallassemblies.
Afterthesubjecthaspracticedtheassembliessay:
'Stap.Nawretarnthep/ns,ca//ars,andwasherstathe/rprapercaps.'
Thensay:
'WhenIsayBeg/n,'makeasmanyassemb//esaspass/b/e,beg/nn/ngw/ththetapha/e.Warkqa/ck/y
ant//IsayStap.''
StarttimingwhenyousayBegin.Afterexactly1minute(60seconds),say:
'Stap.'
CountthenumberofpartsassembledandrecordtheAssemblyscore.Sincetherearefourpartsineach
assembly,ifthesubjectmadeeightcompleteassemblies,thescoreis8multipliedby4(parts),or32.Beyond
completedassemblies,ifthereareadditionalpartsproperlyplacedattheendoftheminute,theyarealso
addedtotheAssemblyscore.Forexample,ifthereisanotherpinandfrstwasherinadditiontothose2
parts,thescoreis32+2,or34.Afterthetestadministratorrecordsthisscore,thesubjectshouldreturnthe
pins,collars,andwasherstothepropercups.
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TestPracedare~HammandCart/s(1980)
Thestandardinstructionsforeachtaskwereplayedonacassettetapetoassurestandardizationacrossavariety
oftestconditionsandadministrators.Upto3clientsweretestedinasinglesession.Standardtesttimeswere
utilizedandstandardrawscoreswererecorded.
TestProcedure-Leslie,Davidson,andBatey(1985)
ThehandpreferencewasdeterminedbytheHarrisTestsofLateralDominance(Harris,1958).Psychometric
assessmentsweremadeofbothdyslexicandcontrolgroups.ThisdataisillustratedinAppendixF,Table1.The
placementpartofthePurduePegboardTestwasadministeredexactlyasprescribedfortheoriginaltest.
RELIABILITYANDVALIDITY
Re//ab///ty~T/fn(1948)
Test-retestreliabilitiesforsingle-trialscoresrecordedinthefrsteditionofthePurduePegboardManual
rangedfrom.60to.76.AccordingtotheSpearman-Brownformula,estimatedreliabilitiesforthethreetrial
scoresrangefrom.82to.91.BassandStucki(1951)obtaineddataon60industrialeducationstudents,which
confrmedthepreviouslyrecordedfgures.In1965test-retestcorrelationweredeterminedonthenewPurdue
PegboardTestfor28professionalandeditorialpersonnelatScienceResearchAssociatesovera2-weekperiod.
TheaboveresultsmaybefoundinAppendixA,Tables2-4.
Va//d/ty~T/fn(1948)
Becausethevalidityofanytestissituational,itisrecommendedthatthePurduePegboardTestsbevalidatedlo-
cally.Thiscanbeaccomplishedbyrelatingtestscorestoactualperformanceonaspecifcjobforwhichthetest
willbeusedasaselectiontool.Thisisparticularlycriticalinthatthesamejobtitlemaybyutilizedbydifferent
companiestodesignatejobswithconsiderablydifferentjobfunctions.
Va//d/ty~F/eshmanandE///san(1962)(framT/fn,1948)
Twotrialinter-correlationscoresforalargegroupofairmenasshowninAppendixA,Table5.Althoughlow
enoughtowarranttheuseofeachsub-testasapotentialpredictor,thecommonfactorcalledfngerdexter-
itycausedtheauthorstoconcludethateachoftheplacementtestmeasuredabilitytomakerapid,skillful,
controlledmanipulativemovementsofsmallobjects,wherethefngersareprimarilyinvolved.Assemblytests
appeartomeasureanadditionalfactor,whichtheseauthorscalledmanualdexterityanddefnedastheability
tomakeskillful,controlledarm-handmanipulationsoflargerobjects.Severaladditionalvaliditystudieshave
beenconductedasshowninAppendixA,Table6-7.Whenlowercorrelationareshown,itmaybeduetothe
factthatemployeeswereutilizedinmostcases,ratherthanapplicantsprovidingarestrictedrangeofscoresof
personsalreadyselectedtohavegooddexterity.
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Va//d/ty~Casta,et.a/.(1963)
ThePurduePegboardTestwasfrstvalidatedagainstasampleof80referredpatientsindependentlydiagnosed
byclinicalneurologicalexamination,electroencephalograph,andradiographicprocedures.Acrossvalidation
samplewassubsequentlyrunon65consecutiveadmissionsbythesameproceduresasinthevalidationsample.
Awidevarietyofacuteandchronicdisordersincludingmuscularandinfectiousdiseasewereallrepresented.
Controlgroupscontainedpatientsadmittedwithlesionseitherintheperipheralnervoussystemorbelowthe
thoracicspine.(SeeAppendixB,Table1-2.)
NORMATIVEDATA
Narmat/reDataarResa/ts~T/fn(1948)
Althoughnosystematicsamplingwasusedtoselectthecompaniesordata,thenormativeinformationprovided
inAppendixA,Table8-15hasbeenaccumulatedovertheyearstoaidtestinterpreterswholacklocalnorms.A
briefdescriptionofeachnormativegroupisprovided.
Resa/ts~Casta,et.a/.(1963)
Thefrequencydistributionofscoresforpatientsinthevalidatinggrouponlywereutilizedtodeterminethefol-
lowingcut-offrules.
SUBJECTBELOWAGE60
1. Callbraindamagedifoneormoreofthefollowingapply:
A.Leftlessthan11
B.Rightlessthan13
C.Simultaneouslessthan10
D.LeftgreaterthanRight
E. RightgreaterthanLeftplus3
F. Ifnoneapply,callnon-braindamaged.
2. Calllesion:
A.LeftlesionifLeftisgreaterthantheRight
B.RightlesionifRightisgreaterthantheLeft
3. IfcalledBrainDamagedbutAandBNONOTapply,callbraindamagedbilateral.
SUBJECTAGE60ANDABOVE
1. Callbraindamagedifoneormoreofthefollowingapply:
A.Leftlessthan10
B.Rightlessthan10
C.Simultaneouslessthan8
D.LeftgreaterthanRight
E. RightgreaterthanLeftplus3
F. Ifnoneapply,callnon-braindamaged.
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2.Calllesion:
A.LeftlesionifLeftisgreaterthantheRight
B.RightlesionifRightisgreaterthantheLeftplus3
C.IfcalledbraindamagedbutAandBDONOTapply,callbrain-damagedbilateral.
ThepredictiveeffciencyoftheabovecutoffruleswasthencrossvalidatedwithresultsshowninAppendixB,
Table3.ThepredictiveaccuracywithregardtolaterizationisshowninAppendixB,Table4.
Resa/ts~KaneandG///(1972)
Thesignifcanceofachild`sperformancewasdeterminedbytheproceduresofCosta,et.al.(1963).Appendix
C,Table1presentsadistributionof150childrenwithlearningproblemsbutwhichhadnotreceivedanytype
ofremedialintervention.AppendixC,Table2representstheresultsofalllearningdisabledchildren,those
inGroup1aswellas45childrenenrolledinaprogramforchildrenwithminimalbraindysfunctionwhohad
receivedatleastmonthsofremediationconsistingofremedialreading,perceptualtraining,controlledphysical
andmotorcoordinationexercisesandspecialclassplacement(Group2).
Narmat/reData~GardnerandBraman(1979)
AppendixD,Table1-4provideextensivenormativedatacollectedfrom1934normalschoolchildrenfromages
5through16inBurgenCounty,NewJersey.Anychildsuspectedofhavinganysignsorsymptomsofmini-
malbraindysfunctionwereexcludedfromthestudy.Acomparisonofnormalwithminimalbraindysfunction
childrenwasthenconductedusinganMBDgroupof145boys(ages5-0to15-11)and67MBDgirlsasillus-
tratedinAppendixD,Table5.TheseT-Testcomparisonsattheplessthan.001level62ofthe76comparisons.
Twelveoftheremaining14comparisonsweresignifcantattheplessthan.01levelandonlytwocomparisons
werefoundtobenon-signifcant.
Resa/ts~HammandCart/s(1980)
Meansandstandarddeviationson5categoriesofthePurduePegboardTestareshownonAppendixE,Table1
on340candidatesforvocationalrehabilitationranginginagefrom16to58years.Theseclientsweresuspected
ofpossessingaphysicalormentaldisabilityofsignifcantvocationalhandicapsrelativetogainfulemployment.
Themeansfromthissamplefellsignifcantly(plessthan.05)belowthe=meansoftheindustrialapplicants
usedfortheoriginalnorms(Tiffn,1946).
Resa/ts~Les//e,Dar/dsan,andBatey(1985)
Thesubjectsinthisstudyconsistedof46malesbetweentheagesof9and12years,one-halfofwhichtheread-
ingdisabledwiththemeanageof11.25yearsandhalfofwhichwerenormalreaderswithameanaverageof
11.16years.AllsubjectscamefromschooldistrictsinWestchester,NewYork.Thisstudyfoundthatdisabled
readersperformcomparablytonormalcontrolsonthebimanualtestofthePurduePegboardbutdidsignifcantly
poorerintheunimanualconditionswiththelargestdifferencesoccurringinthelefthand.AppendixF,Figure
1-3illustratesthesefndings.
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INTERPRETATIONANDSCORING
TypesafInterpretat/anSca/es
Thereareseveralwaystoevaluatethesubjectandhis/herrawscores.Nate:Itisassumedthatthedata
representsanormaldistribution.Thesethreetypesofinterpretationscalesfollow:
1. Percentilescale
2. Standardscale
3. Verbalscale
PercentileScale
Usethepercent//esca/ewhenasubject`sscoremustbeinterpretedintermsofapercentofthenormal
populationsurpassedbythesubject.Forexample,ifthesubject`sscoreisatthemidpoint(50percentileonthe
scale),itmeansthatthescoremadebyasubjectwasbetterthan50percentofthenormativepopulation.Other
percentilepointsareinterpretedinasimilarfashion.TheinstructionsforscoringappearintheNarmat/reData
andScar/ngsection.
StandardScale
Thestandardsca/eisastatisticalanalysisofasubject`sscore.Itisderivedfromanormalfrequencycurve
orbell-shapedcurve.TheMean,whichisthearithmeticaverage,andStandardDeviation(S.D.)numbersare
providedinPPMaswellasintheNewInstructionCharts,whicharelabeledasFigure2(A-H)onpages9-16.
Generally,68percentofscoresfallbetween-2and+2S.D.`99.70percentbetween-3and+3S.D.Thereare
averysmallpercentageofscoresthatfalleitheraboveorbelow3S.D.fromtheMean.Theinstructionsfor
scoringappearintheUs/ngNewInterpretat/anChartssectionofpage7.
NormativeDataandScoring
PercentileranktablesinAppendixA(Table8through15)addresseachoccupationareasothetestadministrator
mayplotthesubject`srawscoresandconvertthemintoapercentilescorethatcanberecorded.Thiswillenable
thetestadministratortoconductsubjectscorecomparisonswiththenormativepopulation.
Toutilizethepercentiletables,identifytheappropriatetable(8through15)fortheoccupationareathatbest
describesthesubject.Locatethesubject`srawscoreortheaverageof3trialsforeachtestbatteryunderthe
correspondingheading(i.e.,RightHand,LeftHand)withinthepercentilebox.Drawalinefromthatrawscore
acrosstotheleftorrightoutsideedgeoftheboxtowherethepercentilescoresarelocated(1-99).Thiswill
giveyoutheconvertedscore,fromrawscorestopercentiles.Recordthisnumberonthescoresheet.Nate:If
thesubject`spreferredhandistheLeftHand,theLeftHandscoreshouldbelookedupundertheRight
Handcolumnheadingonthesetables.
TheMeanandStandardDeviations(S.D.)havealsobeenprovidedatthebottomofeachpercentiletable.
Nate:TheMeandoesnotalwaysrepresent50
th
percentile,thismaybeattributedtosamplingsizeand/or
samplingerror.Thedifferencebetweenthemeanand50
th
percentiledonotseemtobesignihcant.The
MeanandS.D.canbeusedtoplotthesubject`sscoreonabell-shapedcurveandinterpretusingthestandard
scaleorverbalscale.Theinstructionsforusingthesescalesappearinthenextsection.
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UsingNewInterpretationCharts
AllofthepossiblescoresthatfallintotherangeofdataprovidedinAppendixAhavebeenanalyzedandplotted,
usingtheStandardScale(MeanandS.D.).Thescoresarepresentedintheformofacolor-codedbargraph.
Thebargraphrepresentsanormaldistributionorbellcurve,buttheactualcurveisnotshown.Thecolors
indicatethegradationsofperformancebasedontheVerbalScale.Nate:ThisisillustratedinFigure1on
page33.
Toutilizethenewinterpretationcharts,identifytheappropriatechartfortheoccupationalareathatbestdescribes
thesubject.Refertotheproperbargraphfordataregardingeachtestbattery.Locatethesubject`srawscore
ortheaverageof3trials.Evaluatethescoreusingtheverbalscale,thestandardscale,orboth.Lookatthetop
ofthebargraphfortheverbalscore.Thesectionsarecolorcodedforconvenience.Thesubject`srawscore
canalsobeusedtodeterminehowmanyS.D.aboveorbelowtheMeanthesorefalls.ReadtheS.D.fromthe
outsideinward.Noticethearrowsintheexamplechart(Figure1)onthepage33.
UsingthedatainFigure1,iftherawscoreis14,thenevaluatethesubject`sscoreas2S.D.belowtheMean.
ThescoreisLow-averagecomparedtothenormativepopulation.Iftherawscoreis19,thenthescorefalls
within1S.D.abovetheMean,whichisalsoAverage,comparedtothenormativepopulation.Allrawscoresare
evaluatedinthismanner.Note:CustomersusingtheLafayettePurduePegboardhavereportedadecrease
insubjectscoresinrecentyears.Therefore,thescoresmayappearlowerascomparedtotheoriginal
normativedata.
REPLACEMENTPARTSANDREORDERING
INFORMATION
We,atLafayetteInstrumentCompany,continueourserviceafterthesalebyofferingthefollowingreplacement
partsforthePurduePegboard:
Pins,Collars,&Washers #32103
Manual #32108
ScoreSheets #32107
Wecanbecontactedbetween8:00a.m.-5:00p.m.MondaythroughFridayforpricingandorderingatwiththe
followingcontactinformation:
Tel:765.423.1505800.428.7545
Fax:765.423.4111
E-mail:info@lafayetteinstrument.com
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PO Box 5729
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Ph: 765-423-1505
REFERENCES
Albright,L.E.ValidityInformationExchange,No.9-44.PersonnelPsychology,1956,9,522-23.
Alderman,E.ComparisonsofOne-TrialandThree-TrialPurduePegboardNorms.Occupations,1949,27,25152.
Badian,N.A.,&Wolf,P.H.1977.Manualasymmetriesofmotorsequencinginboyswithreadingdisability.Cortex,
13,343-349.
Bass,B.M.,andStucki,R.E.ANoteonaModifedPurduePegboard.JournalofAppliedPsychology,1951,35,312-
13.
Bluett,C.G.PicturesoftheMind.JournalofRehabilitation,1947,13,4-10.
Bourassa,L.G.,andGuion,R.M.AFactorialStudyofDexterityTests.JournalofAppliedPsychology,1959,43,
199-204.
Bruce,M.M.'ValidityInformationExchange,No.7-79.PersonnelPsychology,1954,7,425-26.
Chriswell,M.I.ValidityofaStructuralDexterityTest.JournalofAppliedPsychology,1953,37,13-15.
Cohen,L.,andStrauss,L.TimeStudyandtheFundamentalNatureofManualSkill.JournalofConsulting
Psychology,1946,10,146-53.
Costa,L.D.;Vaughan,H.G.,Jr.;Levita,E.;andFarber,N.PurduePegboardasPredictorofthePresenceand
LateralityofCerebralLesions.JournalofConsultingPsychology,1963,27,133-37.
Costa,L.,Searola,L.,&Rapin,L.PurduePegboardScoresforNormanGrammarSchoolChildren.Perceptualand
MotorSkills,1964,13,748.
Costa,L.D.,&Vaughan,H.G.,Jr.PerformanceofPatientswithLateralizedCerebralLesions.I:VerbalandPerceptual
Test.J.nerv.Ment.Dis.,1962,134,162-168.
Curtis,J.W.AdministrationofthePurduePegboardTesttoBlindIndividuals.EducationalandPsychological
Measurement,1950,10,329-31.
Denekla,M.B.1977.TheNeurologicalBasisofReadingDisability.InF.G.Rozwell&G.Natchez(Eds.),Reading
disability:Ahumanapproachtolearning.NewYork:BasicBooks.
Denkla,M.B.&Rudel,R.1976.Rapidautomatizednaming(R.A.N.):Dyslexiadifferentiatedfromotherlearning
disabilities.Neuropsychologia,14,471-479.
Doehring,D.G.,Hoshko,J.M.,&Bryans,B.H.1979.StatisticalClassifcationsofChildrenwithReadingProblems.
JournalofClinicalNeuropsychology,1,5-16.
Drewes,D.W.DevelopmentandValidationofSyntheticDexterityTestsBasedonElementalMotionAnalysis.
JournalofAppliedPsychology,1961,45,179-85.
DuBois,P.H.(ed.).TheClassifcationProgram.AAFAviationPsychologyReport,No.2.Washington:Government
PrintingOffce,1947.
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15
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Fax: 765-423-4111
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Fleishman,E.A.,andEllison,G.D.AFactorAnalysisofFineManipulativeTests.JournalofApplied
Psychology,1962,46,96-105.
Fleishman,E.A.,andHempel,W.E.,Jr.AFactorAnalysisofDexterityTests.PersonnelPsychology,1954,7,
15-32.
Gardner,R.A.,andM.Broman.1979.ThePurduePegboard:Normativedataon1,334schoolchildren.Journal
ofClinicalPsychology1:156-162.
Gardner,R.A.TheObjectiveDiagnosisofMinimalBrainDysfunction.Cresskill,NewJersey:Creative
Therapeutics,1979.
Geschwind,N.1975.Theapraxias:NeuralmechanismsofDisordersofLearnedMovement.AmericanScientist,
63,188-195.
Gordon,H.W.1980.CognitiveAsymmetryinDyslexicFamilies.Neuropsychologia,18,645-656.
Hamm,N.H.&Curtis,D.NormativeDataforthePurduePegboardonaSampleofAdultCandidatesfor
VocationalRehabilitation,PerceptualandMotorSkills,1980,50,309-310.
Harris,A.J.1958.TheHarrisTestofLateralDominance.NewYork:PsychologicalCorp.
Heilman,K.M.1979.TheNeuropsychologicalBasisofSkilledMovementinMan.InM.S.Gazzaniga(Ed.),
HandbookofBehavioralNeurobiology:Vol.IINeuropsychology.NewYork:Plenum.
Hoffman,S.SomePredictorsoftheManualWorkSuccessofBlindPersons.PersonnelandGuidanceJournal,
1958,36,542-44.
Kane,J.&Gill,R.P.ImplicationsofthePurduePegboardasaScreeningDevice.JournalofLearning
Disabilities,1972,547,36-40.
Kimura,D.1977.Acquisitionofamotorskillafterleft-hemispheredamage.Brain,100,527-542.
Kimura,D.,&Archibald,F.1974.MotorFunctionsoftheLeftHemisphere.Brain,97,337-350.
LafayetteInstrumentCompany(LIC).1985.InstructionsandnormativedataforModel32020,PurduePegboard.
Lafayette,IN:LIC.
Leslie,S.C.,Davidson,R.J.&Batey,O.B.PurduePegboardPerformanceofDisabledandNormalReaders:
UnimanualversusBimanualDifferences.BrainandLanguage,1985,24,359-369.
Long,L.andHill,J.AdditionalNormsforthePurduePegboard.Occupations,1947,26,160-61.
Mattis,S.1978.DyslexicSyndromes:AWorkingHypothesisThatWorks.InA.B.Benton&D.Pearl(Eds.),
Dyslexia:Anappraisalofcurrentknowledge.NewYork:OxfordUniv.Press.
Mattis,S.,French,J.H.,&Rapin,I.1975.DyslexiainChildrenandYoungAdults:Threeindependent
NeuropsychologicalSyndromes:.DevelopmentalMedicineandChildNeurology,17,150-164.
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P.O. Box 5729 Lafayette, IN 47903 USA
Tel: 765.423.1505 800.428.7545
Fax: 765.423.4111
E-mail: lic@lafayetteinstrument.com
Ordering Information:
All phone orders must be accompanied by a hard copy of
your order. All must include the following information:
1) Complete billing and shipping addresses
2) Name and department of end user
3) Model number and description of desired item(s)
4) Quantity of each item desired
5) Purchase order number or method of payment
6) Telephone number
DOMESTIC TERMS
There is a $50 minimum order. Open accounts can be extended
to most recognized educational institutions, hospitals and gov-
ernment agencies. Net amount due 30 days from the date of
shipment. Enclose payment with the order; charge with VISA,
MasterCard, American Express; or pay COD. We must have a
hard copy of your order by mail or fax. Students, individuals
and private companies may call for a credit application.
INTERNATIONAL PAYMENT INFORMATION
There is a $50 minimum order. Payment must be made in
advance by: draft drawn on a major US bank; wire transfer
to our account; charge with VISA, MasterCard, American
Express; or conrmed irrevocable letter of credit. Proforma
invoices will be provided upon request.
RETURNS
Equipment may not be returned without rst receiving a
Return Goods Authorization Number (RGA).
When returning equipment for service, please call Lafayette
Instrument to receive a RGA number. Your RGA number will
be good for 30 days. Address the shipment to: Lafayette Instru-
ment Company, 3700 Sagamore Parkway North, Lafayette, IN
47904, U.S.A. Shipments cannot be received at the PO Box.
The items should be packed well, insured for full value, and
returned along with a cover letter explaining the malfunction.
Please also state the name of the Lafayette Instrument repre-
sentative authorizing the return. An estimate of repair will be
given prior to completion ONLY if requested in your enclosed
cover letter. We must have a hard copy of your purchase order
by mail or fax, or repair work cannot commence.
WARRANTY
Lafayette Instrument guarantees its equipment against all defects
in materials and workmanship to the ORIGINAL PURCHASER
for a period of one (1) year from the date of shipment, unless
otherwise stated. During this period, Lafayette Instrument
will repair or replace, at its option, any equipment found to
be defective in materials or workmanship. If a problem arises,
please contact our ofce for prior authorization before returning
the item. This warranty does not extend to damaged equipment
resulting from alteration, misuse, negligence or abuse, normal
wear or accident. In no event shall Lafayette Instrument be liable
for incidental or consequential damages. There are no implied
warranties or merchantability of tness for a particular use, or
of any other nature. Warranty period for repairs or used equip-
ment purchased from Lafayette Instrument is 90 days.
DAMAGED GOODS
Damaged equipment should not be returned to Lafayette
Instrument prior to thorough inspection.
When a shipment arrives damaged, note damage on delivery
bill and have the driver sign it to acknowledge the damage.
Contact the delivery service, and they will le an insurance
claim. When damage is not detected at the time of delivery,
contact the carrier and request an inspection within 10 days
of the original delivery. Please call the Lafayette Instrument
Customer Service Department for a return authorization for
repair or replacement of the damaged merchandise.
Lafayette Instrument Co. Europe
4 Park Road, Sileby,
Loughborough, Leics., LE12 7TJ. UK.
Tel: +44 (0)1509 817700
Fax: +44 (0)1509 817701
E-mail: EUsales@lafayetteinstrument.com
S.I. Instruments
256 South Rd. Hilton
South Australia 5033
Ph (08) 8352 5511
info@si-instruments.com
www.si-instruments.com

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