# What is test plan?

(ANS) In software testing, # Benefits of automation Testing (ANS) The advantages of

documentation is very important. Testing should
be documented to provide efficient resource
control monitoring. For successful testing, a test
plan plays a very important role
# Defect classification Ans: Defect classification is
a vital step for determining if goods should pass
or fail inspection. And considering the quantity
and severity of different types of defects found
helps you make an informed shipping decision.
1. Minor defects :- Minor defects are usually
small, insignificant issues that don’t affect the
function or form of the item. In most cases, the
customer wouldn’t even notice a minor defect on
a product 2. Major defects Major defects are
more serious than minor defects. A product with
quality defects a major defect departs
significantly from the buyer’s product
specifications. Major defects are those which
could adversely affect the function, performance
or appearance of a product 3. Critical defects
Critical defects are the most serious of the three
defect types. Critical defects render an item
completely unusable and/or could cause harm to
the user or someone in the vicinity of the product
automation testing are given as follows - a) Saves time
Automating the testing process helps the testing team to
use less time to validate newly created features. For
instance, in manual testing, there is a need to write
thousand test cases for a calculator application, but
automation makes the process much faster. b) Productivity
improvement As during execution, automation tests do not
require human intervention, so testing an application can
be done late at night, and we can get the results next
morning. Software developers and testers require less time
on automation testing. c) Accuracy improvement In manual
testing, there is a chance of mistakes whether you are an
experienced testing engineer. The chances of errors may
increase when testing a complex use case. But Automation
testing reduces the chances of errors. There is good
accuracy, as we will get the same result each time on
performing the same test cases. d) Test suite reusability We
can reuse the test scripts in automation testing, and we
don't need to write the new test scripts again and again.
These test cases can be used in various ways, as they are
reusable. Reusability helps to reduce the cost and also
eliminate the chances of human error. e) Ability to test on
various platforms Automation testing allows the user to
test the application on different web browsers and
operating systems.

# Factors for selecting Testing tools (ANS) Identify the objects MANUAL TESTING AUTOMATION TESTING
1. Automation testing process largely used in the
depends on the selection of right testing applications. 1. Time Consuming 1. Faster
tools. It takes a lot of time to evaluate Above Three factors 2. prone to human errors 2. less prone to human
relevant automation tools available in the are considered as most 3. Suitable for exploratory, errors
market. But this is a must one-time exercise important for selecting Usability and ad hoc 3. Suitable for regression,
that will benefit your project in long run any tool. The factors testing load, and performance
2. there were few situations where I got Include : 4. test case execution is testing
the chance to review and select 4. Does the tool done manually 4. Test case execution is
automation tool for my projects. The task provide you the free 5. Requires experienced automated through test
was difficult as we had to manage our trial version so that you testers automation tools and
testing needs and cost restrictions but it can evaluate it before 6. More flexible framework
was a worth experience making a decision ? 5. Requires skilled
Here are the criteria you need to consider Also, Does the tool automation testers
before selecting any testing tool : have all features 6. Less flexible
Test Automation Tool Evaluation Criteria available in the trial
1. Do you have any the necessary skilled version ?
resource to allocate for automation tasks? 5. Is the current tool
2. What is your budget version stable ? Is the
3. Does the tool satisfy your testing needs ? vendor company
is it suitable for the project environment established with good
and technology you are using ? Does it customer support as
support all tools and objects used in the well as online help
code ? Sometime you may get stuck for resources and user
small tests due to inabilities of the tool to manual?
 # What is Software Matrix (ANS) Software testing activities like test planning, designing, and test execution
metrics are quantitative measures used to 1. It gives an initial plan and discipline to the software
estimate the progress, quality, productivity, and testing process 1. The goal of test management is to
health of the software testing process 1. A ensure high quality and high-end testing of the software
software testing matrix is a table or spreadsheet application 1. It provides planning, controlling, ensuring
that identifies the test cases and the different traceability and visibility of the testing process in order to
scenarios they should be tested under 2. It deliver a high-quality software application 2. Test
provides a comprehensive overview of the testing management helps to organize, control, analyze, and trace
plan and helps ensure that all possible the testing process while managing testing resources
combinations of input and output data are # Prepare a Test Plan for the MS word option ‘save as’
considered 2. The goal of software testing (ANS) Here are some possible test cases for the ‘Save As’
metrics is to improve the efficiency and option in MS Word:
effectiveness in the software testing process and Click on the ‘Save As’ option from the ‘File’ menu and
to help make better decisions for further testing enter a file name.
process by providing reliable data about the Click on the ‘Save’ button directly from the menu bar
testing process 1. A metric defines in quantitative without writing anything
terms the degree to which a system, system Write something and click on the ‘Save’ button.
component, or process possesses a given Use the shortcut key Ctrl+S to save.
attribute 1. There are different types of software Enter the desired name of the file and save.
testing metrics such as process metrics, product Rename the file and save.
metrics, and project metrics Create another file and save it on a previously saved file.
# What is test Management (ANS) Test Save a file to a different format like Word document, XML
management is the process of managing the document, etc.
software testing activities from start to end 1. It Save two files with the same name.
involves planning, controlling, tracking, and Switch off the system and switch it on again to check if the
monitoring facilities throughout the whole file is saved
project cycle 1. The process consist of several without closing MS Word.
# Prepare Test cases for railway reservation form i) Verify that the form sends a confirmation email to the user after
(ANS) Here are some possible test cases for a railway successful reservation
reservation form: # Design any two test Cases for Calculator (ANS)
a) Verify that the form is accessible and loads Here are two possible test cases for a calculator:
correctly. 1. *Test Case 1: Verify that the calculator can perform basic
b) Check if the form has all the necessary fields such as arithmetic
source, operations*: This test case involves verifying that the calculator can
destination, date of travel, etc. perform basic arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction,
c) Check if the form has proper validation for each multiplication, and division. The steps for this test case are as
field. follows:
d) Verify that the form allows users to select a train * Enter two numbers using the calculator.
from a list of * Click on the '+' button to add the numbers.
available trains. * Verify that the result displayed by the calculator is correct.
e) Verify that the form allows users to select their * Repeat the same steps for subtraction, multiplication, and
preferred seat type division.
(e.g., AC, Sleeper, etc.). 2. *Test Case 2: Verify that the calculator can handle decimal
f) Verify that the form allows users to select their numbers*:
preferred payment This test case involves verifying that the calculator can handle
method (e.g., credit card, net banking, etc.). decimal
g) Verify that the form allows users to cancel their numbers. The steps for this test case are as follows:
reservation. * Enter a decimal number using the calculator.
h) Verify that the form displays an error message if * Click on the '+' button to add a decimal number to it.
there is any issue * Verify that the result displayed by the calculator is correct.
with the reservation process. * Repeat the same steps for subtraction, multiplication, and
division.
# Basic steps of fundamental Test Process (ANS) Ans:
The fundamental test process is a set of activities that are
performed to ensure that the software product is of high
quality and meets the requirements of the stakeholders.
The activities of testing can be divided into the following
basic steps: 1. *Planning and Control*: This step involves
producing a document that describes an overall approach
and test objectives. It involves reviewing the test basis,
identifying the test conditions based on analysis of test
items, writing test cases, and designing the test
environment. Completion or exit criteria must be
specified so that we know when testing (at any stage) is
complete. 2. *Analysis and Design*: This step involves
reviewing the test basis, identifying test conditions,
designing tests, designing the test environment set-up,
and identifying the required infrastructure and tools. 3.
*Implementation and Execution*: This step involves
actually running the specified tests on a computer system
either manually or by using an automated test tool. It is a
fundamental test process in which actual work is done.
Test implementation has the following major tasks: to
develop and prioritize test cases by using techniques and
create test data for those tests, to create test suites from
the test cases for efficient test execution, to re-execute
the tests that previously failed in order to confirm a fix, to
log the outcome of the test execution, and to compare
actual results with expected results.
4. *Evaluating Exit Criteria and Reporting*: Evaluating exit
criteria is a process defining when to stop testing. It depends
on coverage of code, functionality or risk. Basically it also
depends on business risk, cost and time and varies from
project to project. Exit criteria come into picture when
maximum test cases are executed with certain pass
percentage. 5. *Test Closure Activities*: This step involves
activities such as finalizing and archiving the testware,
evaluating the testing process, analyzing lessons learned
from testing, releasing resources used during testing, and
planning for future testing.
# What is defect prevention (ANS) *Defect prevention* is a
set of activities that are performed to identify, analyze, and
prevent the occurrence of defects in software products. It is
a framework and ongoing process of collecting defect data,
doing root cause analysis, determining and implementing
corrective actions, and sharing the lessons learned to avoid
future defects ¹². Defect prevention involves analyzing
defects encountered in the past and specifying checkpoints
and actions to prevent the occurrence of similar defects in
the future. It is a measure to ensure that defects being
detected so far should not appear or occur again ¹. There are
different methods that are generally used over a long period
of time for defect prevention. These methods or activities
include software requirement analysis, review and
inspection, defect logging and documentation, root cause
analysis, etc. ¹⁴. You can refer to this
[source](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/defect prevention-
methods-and-techniques/) for more information on defect
prevention.