VOCABULARY UNIT 1 Visua Word unique (adi) aspect (n) innovat ive (adi) vision (n) utilize (v) considerable (ad) impact (n) contemporary (ad)) illustrate (v) insight (n) creative (adi) signal (n or v) shift (n oF v) abstract (adi) design (n or v) analyze (v) k (v) depict (v) subjective (ad) image (n) convey (V) art and architecture Read the words, definitions, and examples. Use your dictionary to find additional word forms for each word. OVERVIEW Det ion original, different from anything else element, feature new, different, better than before concept, idea use great, significant influence, effect present day to add pictures to a book, to give an example a clear understanding able to make new ideas indicate move not realistic outline, pian examine, think about something in detail attempt, try show, describe from an individual's point of view picture communicate, express Example A unique aspect of Turner's paintings is his innovative use of color. Gaudi’s vision of architecture utilized ‘organic shapes to create highly decorative structures. The development of steel construction had considerable impact on contemporary architecture. Leonardo da Vinci illustrated his notebooks with drawings and sketches which provide valuable insights into his. creative processes The Impressionist art movement a shift away from naturalism toward a more abstract representation of human experience. The Bauhaus design movement attempted to analyze form in terms of basic universal principles. ‘The Impressionists sought to depict the subjective experience of light and color. Images used in surreal art often attempt to convey aspects of the unconscious.www-.frenglish.ru VOCABULARY: VISUAL ART AND ARCHITECTURE Practice Exercises ‘A Choose the words from the chart opposite that best replace the words in italics. The modernist movement has had a significant* influence® on present day’ architecture and design. a b c ‘Surrealist art attempts* to express® a picture* of unconscious psychological processes. a b c Nowadays architects use computer technology to design* 3D images of their plans*. a —_____ b An original* element® of cubist art was the attempt to show* multiple viewpoints simultaneously. a b c ‘Then try to combine them into sentences about the theme of the article. \ ‘After reading an article, choose five key words from the text and note them in your vocabulary notebook. B Circle the best word to complete each sentence. 1 Prarie One of the most____ aspects of modernism was the principle that form follows function. When you look up a word in your 3 dictionary, you will se an abbreviation a innovative afer it that tells you what word class i ittbelongs to. For example, innovative beubpote (adj = adjective), innovate (v= verb), ¢ considerable innovation (n = noun). “To extend your vocabulary take notes of other word forms ofthe words in the chart. Post-modemism in architecture represents a(n) ‘from a functional to a more decorative style. a signal b shift ¢ insight Many of Monet's paintings __________ water lilies from his garden. a utilize b depict ¢ signal Images in ______ art do not represent forms of real objects. a creative b subjective © abstractwww.frenglish.ru ‘VOCABULARY FOR THE TOEFL TEST © Complete the sentences with the correct form of words from the box. analyze creative depict illustrate innovative Peo La Guernica by Picasso isa____________of scenes from the Spanish Civil War. William Blake was a British Romantic painter, poet, engraver, and is the ability to transform existing ideas and make something new. Technological________have had a huge impact on moder art. Scientific ______________of materials used in old paintings can help us to restore and conserve them. Test Practice A Read the sentences and answer the questions about each one. 1 Cubism signaled a shift away from representational art, that is, art that attempted to portray realistic scenes of people and places. According to the text, all ofthe following are true EXCEPT © Cubist art portrayed real people. © Cubist art was more abstract. © Representational art was more realistic. © Representational art preceded cubist art. Modern art gave artists the freedom to express their inner vision in their art. According to the text, all ofthe following are true EXCEPT © Before modem art, artists were restricted. © Modern art allowed artists to innovate. © Modem artis abstract. © Modern artists have more choices. The key aspect of modem architecture is that new materials are now available that have had significant impact on what types of designs are technically possible. According to the text, all of the following are true EXCEPT O New materials have influenced modern architectural designs. © Today's designs were not possible previously. © Modern architecture utilizes new materials. © Modern architecture is not influenced by old architecture. Inthe reading section ofthe test, you will be asked to identify a fact that is NOT included in longer reading passage. When answering negative fact question, read all the options carefully. The incortect options will usually paraphrase information in the text. The correct answer will often contain extra information not mentioned in the text, or contradict information in the text.www frenglish.ru VOCABULARY: VISUAL ART AND ARCHITECTURE © _B Listen to part of a lecture in an art class and take notes. Then answer the questions. Track 2 Notes. 1. Why does the professor mention the portrait of The Two Fridas? O To show how Kahio’s art expressed her emotions. © To explain aspects of Kahlo’s inner life. O To compare Kahlo and other artists. © To explain the process of creating a painting. 2. What aspects of Kahlo’s art does the professor mainly discuss in the lecture? © Her use of color © Her choice of subject O Her influence on surrealism © The influence of her life on her art 3. According to the professor, what is true about Kahlo’s art? O Itis abstract. O Itis realistic. © It challenges the viewer. O Itrepresents a cultural view. 4. According to the professor, how was Kahlo’s art influenced by surrealism? © Itwas abstract. © Itwas subjective. It conveyed emotions. © Itexpressed the unconscious. 5. What is the professor's attitude concerning whether Kahlo's art depicts social attitudes to women? O He disagrees with this view. O He thinks this view is doubtful. O He thinks this theory is correct. Ph ar dats ini iis Rit ik aeLiterature Read the words, definitions, and examples. Use your dictionary to find additional word forms for each word. OVERVIEW Word classic (n) novel (n) fiction (n) autobiographical (edi) set (n) narrate (n) character (n) contradictory (adi) inspired (adi) ‘experiences (n) realistic (ad) perspective (n) author (n) prose (n) technique (n) portray (v) pseudonym (n) anonymous (adj) originality (n) style (n) Definition ‘@ book that represents the best of a particular genre ‘a book about imaginary people and events stories about imaginary events relating to true events in your life placed, located tell a story a person in a story opposing the source of the idea past events that have happened to you an accurate picture of reality point of view writer of a book ordinary written language, not poetry method describe an invented name that someone uses instead of a real name unidentified, unnamed completely new and different way of doing something Example On the Road by Jack Kerouac is a classic novel of the 1950s. Although it is a work of fiction, it is based mainly on the autobiographical description of a road trip Kerouac took across the United States and into Mexico, The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald is Set during the Prohibition Era of the 1920s when sales of alcohol were prohibited in the United States. The story is narrated by a minor character, Nick Carraway, who describes the other people in the story with contradictory emotions of admiration, jealousy, and envy. Ernest Hemingway's novel For Whom the Bell Tolls was inspired by his experiences in the Spanish Civil War. John Steinbeck’s novel The Grapes of Wrath is a realistic description of the economic depression of the 1930s seen from the perspective of one family of migrant workers. The novel Ulysses by Irish author James Joyce is written in an experimental form of prose using a technique known as stream-of-consciousness, which portrays a continuous flow of thoughts. Emily Bronté’s novel Wuthering Heights was at first published under the pseudonym Elis Bell in order to keep the author's real name anonymous. The book was praised for the originality of its subject matter and narrative style.www.frenglish.ru ‘VOCABULARY: LITERATURE Coen The prefix auto has the meaning of self Look up the meaning of other words that tart with auto- for example: automatic, autonomy. Practice Exercises A Choose the best words to complete the sentences. 1. The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald is a novel of the Jazz Age. a author b classic © prose 2. The Sherlock Holmes detective stories are______________ by Sherlock's friend Dr. Watson. a inspired b set © narrated 3. George Eliot was the _____________of the English author, Mary Ann Evans. a pseudonym b character © perspective 4, Sylvia Plath’s novel The Bell Jaris asemi-_____________novel based on her ‘own experience. anonymous bb autobiographical © contradictory 5. Many of Jack London's stories were___________ by his life as a sailor and gold prospector. a written b set ¢ inspired B Complete the text with the correct form of words from the chart. Use your dictionary to help you. Mark Twain was the'_____________of the 19th century American writer Samuel Clemens. One of his most famous*__ was The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which was first published in 1887. The work isa realistic’_________ of ife in ural Mississippi in the late 1800s. The novel is written in a colloquial prose*______that was s___for the time. The story is *_ by an uneducated 13-year-old boy who has @ unique but imited’_________on the main events. According to the author, the 4 for the main character came from one of his childhood friends. W £ ‘When trying to figure out the meaning of new words, read the surrounding text carefully, It can sometimes ‘give a definition or some example of the meaning of the word.www.frenglish.ru VOCABULARY FOR THE TOEFL TEST \ Sal ‘The Academic Word List is lst of words that are most commonly used in academic contexts. The listis based on samples of academic texts from a wide range of subject areas. The 570 most commonly- used words are arranged in sub-lists according to frequency. Each word in the list represents all the different forms ofthe word, For example, analyze also represents the words analyst, analytic, analytical, «and analytically. The academic word list can be found here: http:// wwwvictoriaac.na/lals/resources/ academicwordlist/awl-headwords. Note thatthe list includes general academic words that are commonly used in all subject areas and does not include subject-specific words, which are also required in the TOEFL test. Test Practice A Read the questions and choose the best answer. 1. Narrated from the point of view of the character Sal Paradise, On the Roadis a classic example of an autobiographical novel. itis written in a Spontaneous style of prose that sounds like somieone speaking directly to the reader without pausing to think or reflect. The word [SpontaneOUs is closest in meaning to © original. O realistic. O fictional. © unplanned. 2. The novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley was first published anonymously in 1818. Although known, mainly as a science fiction horror novel, it deals with many profound themes, such as the conflict between good and evi The word [profolind is closest in meaning to interesting. © contradictory. © thought-provoking, © serious 3. Jean Rhys's novel Wide Sargasso Sea was inspired by Charlotte Bronté's novel Jane Eyre and uses a stylistic (@vi¢e of shifting narrative voices to explore themes of power, dependence, and madness, The word (éVid8 is closest in meaning to © language. O version. O perspective. O technique.