PSLE EXAMINATION PAPERS 2019 - 2021 TOPICAL SCIENCECONTENTS Pages REVISED EXAMINATION FORMAT (examined from 2017 PSLE) PSLE SCIENCE PAST PSLE SCIENCE PAPERS (2018 - 2020) 1 LIFE SCIENCE 1.1 Multiple-choice questions 1 1.2 Open-ended questions 23 2 PHYSICAL SCIENCE 2.1. Multiple-choice questions 42 2.2 Open-ended questions 66 ANSWER KEYS 85 LIFE SCIENCE PHYSICAL SCIENCE1 LIFE SCIENCE 1.1 Multiple-choice questions 1. 2. The diagram shows a leaf cell with parts labelled 1 to 4. Which part uses sunlight to make food? ( ) (2019/Booklet A/Question 1) Study the classification chart and the three animals, P, Q and R. body covering have scales do not have scales Y have shel —_| no shell ro Which of the following shows the correct classification of animals in boxes X and Y? x Y (ty R | (2) Q Pp 3) B R (4) Q R ( ) (2019/Booklet A/Question 2) ‘© Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd 13. The diagram shows how water and substance P flow through different parts, A, 8, C and M, of a plant. Key ——s M ane c ‘What do A, B and C represent? A B c a flower stem root (2) leaf root flower @ | leaf flower root @ | root leaf flower — > water substance P ( ) (2019/Booklet A/Question 3) Plant B grows well in areas with clean air. The diagram shows plant B growing near a factory which gives out polluted gases. key + plantB Based on the diagram, in which direction was the wind blowing? Qe @ — @ + am | () (2019/Booklet A/Question 4) © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd5. A tree supports only the organisms shown, grasshopper Which of the following is correct? (1) The birds form one community. (2) The grasshoppers form three populations. (3) The tree forms a habitat for the organisms. (4) The squirrels and the tree form one community ( ) (2019/Booklet A/Question 5) 6. Which of the following is not correct? (1) Arrows in a food chain show the flow of energy. (2) Decomposers return nutrients to the environment. (3) __ Energy increases as it passes through a food chain. (4) Plants convert light energy from the Sun to potential energy. ( ) (2019/Booklet A/Question 6) {© Educational Publishing House Pte Lid 3When fuels are burt for energy, pollutants such as greenhouse gases may be produced. The table shows some information about three types of fuels, P, Q and R. Fut] Envy pocent | Agurot arenes | Namba of yor Le | high low 50-60 Q medium medium 50-60 LR tow high 00-140 Which of the following cannot be concluded based on the information above? (1) Acid rain forms only from the burning of Q and R. (2) P, Qand R are non-renewable sources of energy. (3) Burning of P, Q and R contributes to global warming, (4) Ps the best fuel to use to save the environment while it lasts. ( ) (2019/Booklet A/Question 7) The graph shows the changes in the mass of a young plant and its seed leaves during germination. young plant mass /g seed leaves time / day x Which of the following best explains the changes shown in the graph? (1) The leaves first appear around day X. (2) The roots grow out firs followed by the shoot (3) The young plant only starts to grow after day X. (4) The seed leaves provide food for the young plant until day X. ( ) (2019/Booklet A/Question 8) © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd9. Laura cut the lower stem of a white flower into two equal parts, She placed them into containers with different coloured water as shown. white flower yellow-coloured water red-coloured water After a short time, she observed that some parts ofthe flower turned red, some tuned yellow, while the rest remained white, Laura made four statements: ‘The food made by the plant was red and yellow in colour, ‘The stem transported the different coloured water to the flower. No coloured water was transported to the flower parts that remained white, There were no water tubes in the flower parts that remained white. voaer Which statements can be concluded from her observations? (1) Aand D only 2) Band C only (8) Band D only (4) B,Cand D only (om) (2019/Bookiet A/Question 9) 10. Which statement is correct about the mushroom and the fern? (1) Both grow only on trees. (2) Both reproduce from spores. (3) Both are non-flowering plants. (4) Both cannot make their own food. ( ) (2019/Booklet A/Question 10) © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd 511. Thomas prepared two similar set-ups, P and Q, as shown in the diagram. He gave both set- ups the same amount of water and placed them in the sun for one day. black cloth lass jar over glass jar plant plastic bag Which of the following correctly shows the amount of carbon dioxide in P and Q throughout the day? a) ) ‘amount of carbon dioxide ‘amount of carbon dioxide >a P time time moming noon night moming noon night 3) co) amount of carbon dioxide ‘amount of carbon dioxide - a P Q P > time time moming noon night moming noon night ( ) (2019/Booklet A/Question 11) 6 © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd12, Mazlan performed an experiment using two flowers from the same plant. One of the flowers is shown, 1 a He removed one part from flower A and one part from flower B, After some time, he recorded which flower could form a fruit. flower | presence of a fruit | A yes B no. Which of the following correctly shows the part of each flower that has been removed? Part removed Flower A Flower B ( Q 8 (2) R Q @ s T 4) T R i ) (2019/Booklet A/Question 12) 13. Fatimah wrote some statements about humans, fish and plants. A The lungs and gills are part of the circulatory system. B Oxygen and carbon dioxide are carried by the blood in humans and fish. C Gaseous exchange takes place at the lungs, gills and stomata (tiny openings in leaves). ‘Which of her statement(s) is/are correct? (1) Conly (2) AandB only (3) Bandc only (4) A,Bandc ( ) (2019/Booklet A/Question 13) © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd 714, Kumar predicted that the greater the amount of carbon dioxide in a town, the fewer the number of tiny openings called stomata found in a plant. Which of the following supports his prediction? 4 2) (umber of stomata (2) umber of stomata * * | | 786-30 mora than 30 O75 6-20 more than 20 rnumber of ears passing through in 1 hour numberof cas passing through in 1 hour (3) number of stomata (4) number of stomata * * 0-8 6-20 more than 20 "0-86-20 more tian 20 number of cars passing through in 4 hour number of cars passing through in + hour ( ) (2019/Bookiet A/Question 14) 15, The diagrams show two animals. How are the animals similar? (1) lay eggs (2) have scales (3) have moist skin (4) have a four-stage life cycle ( ) (2020/Booklet A/Question 1) 8 © Eelucational Publishing House Pte Ltd16. Which of the following shows the correct direction of food that is taken through the mouth? a) (2) (3) (4) stomach, small intestine, large intestine, gullet stomach, gullet, small intestine, large intestine gullet, stomach, large intestine, small intestine gullet, stomach, small intestine, large intestine ( ) (2020/Book\et A/Question 2) 17. Which statement about the human digestive system is correct? a) ‘Some food has been digested when it leaves the stomach, ‘The large intestine does not absorb any substance, The large intestine digests and absorbs food. The mouth does not digest food. ( ) (2020/Booklet A/Question 3) 18. The diagram shows a plant cell. Which parts are also found in an animal cell? a) 2) @) @) AandB AandC. Band D CandD ( ) (2020/Booklet A/Question 4) © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd 919. Mos a tiny non-flowering plant. It grows well at the bottom of tree trunks in forests, tree trunk moss A gardener wants to grow moss in a garden. How can he help the moss grow well? (1) water the moss daily (2) attract butterflies to the garden (3) grow the moss under bright sunlight (4) attract animals that help disperse fruits ( ) (2020/Book'et A/Question 5) 20. The table shows the types of gases in air that are taken in and given out by a human. Gas | Air taken in (%) | Air given out (%) nitrogen | 78 78 oxygen a 16 | carbon dioxide | less than 1 4 | water vapour ; Jess than 1 Based on the information given, which statement is not correct? (1) Carbon dioxide produced by the body is released into the air. (2) Ail the oxygen that enters the lungs goes into the blood. (3) Atleast four types of gases enter the respiratory system (4) Water is lost through breathing, ( ) (2020/Booklet A/Question 6) 10 (© Educational Publishing House Pte Lic21. Which of the following do plants need to carry out photosynthesis? (4) ‘A tiny openings on leaves B_ chloroplasts food carrying tubes D water carrying tubes Aand C only Band D only A,BandC only A, Band D only ( ) (2020/Bookiet A/Question 7) 22. Whats the state of water when it is taken in and when it is given out by.a plant? Taken in (ty) liquid [| gas 3) ~ figuia [@ > as ( ) (2020/Booklet A/Question 8) © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid 123, 24, 2 ‘The graph shows the amount of rain in country W every year. Amount of rain (unit) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec The table shows some information about the growth of rice and barley. 7 Rice Barley Time to become adult plants (months) 5 4 ‘Amount of rain suitable for growth (unit) Sormore | 2oriess Which plant(s) can. grow in country W? (1) rice only (2) _ barley only (3) both barley and rice (4) neither barley nor rice ( ) (2020/Booklet A/Question 9) ‘Sami observed the change in a plant. Which process(es) took place? (1) pollination only (2) pollination and fertilisation only (3) fertilisation and dispersal only (4) fertilisation, dispersal and germination only ( ) (2020/Booklet A/Question 10) © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd25. _ Ken has two identical pots of plant P. He placed one plant in a room at 30 °C and the other at 40 °C. On each plant, he clipped dry pieces of a type of paper to the upper and lower surfaces of a leaf as shown. The paper tums pink when wet. upper surface aper ali of leat — Paper ete dry papers clipped to YZ upper and lower surfaces The graph shows the time taken for the paper to turn pink. Time taken for paper to BB lower leaf surface turn pink (min) B upper leaf surface Temperature (°C) Based on the graph, which statement is a correct conclusion? (1) Plant P at 30 °C lost more water. (2) Plant P at 40 °C has fewer openings on its leaves. (3) Plant P has more openings on the upper surface of its leaves. (4) Plant P lost water more quickly through the lower surface of its leaves. ( ) (2020/Booklet A/Question 11) 26. Blood flows through blood vessels Ato D as shown. A B c D leg ———+ heart ———+ tungs ———> heart ———+ leg Which blood vessels transport blood richer in oxygen? (1) AandB only (2) AandD only (3) Band C only (4) Cand D only ( ) (2020/Book\et A/Question 12) © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid B27. 4 Kim cut a root into pieces of the same size, She placed each piece into a glass tube. Each tube was kept at a different temperature. 20°C 40°C glass tube water: us root The root cells contained a red substance. After some time, Kim observed the colour of the water in the tubes. ‘The table shows her results. Temperature of water (°C) Colour of water : 5 light pink | 20 | pink “40 7 “dark pink ‘Which of the following explains her observation? Temperature change : Effect on root cells (1) | decréaded call wall prevented more red substance from moving out | (2) increased | cell wall prevented more red substance from moving out | @) decreased cell membrane allowed more red substance to move out (4) | increased call membrane allowed more red substance tomove out ( ) (2020/Booklet A/Question 13) (© Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd28. Study the chart below. Organisms K L I M Which ofthe folowing is correct for K, L, Mand N? K L M N im) No feathers Has feathers Lay eggs Does not lay eggs Fewer than 3 pairs (2) | Spairs of legs ain Hes wings No wings 3) No beak Has beak Does not lay eggs Lay eggs (4) | Does not lay eggs Lay eggs Mone boats Pairs | 3 pairs of legs © Educational Publishing House Pte Lte ( ) (2020/Booklet A/Question 14) 629. — Which of the following are characteristics of all living things? (1) make its own food, grow and reproduce (2) grow, reproduce and respond to changes (3) make its own food, reproduce and respond to changes (4) move from one place to another, reproduce and respond to changes \ ) (2021/Booklet A/Question 1) 30. Which of the following is correct of flowering and non-flowering plants? Flowering plants make their own food do not make their own food do not attract insects attract insects produce spores do not produce spores produce fruits do not produce fruits J 31. Which gases are found in air? A oxygen B nitrogen C carbon dioxide D water vapour (1) Aand C only (2) Band Donly (8) ABandConly (4) A,B, CandD 6 ( ) (2021/Bookiet A/Question 2) ( ) (2021/Booklet A/Question 3) ‘© Educational Publishing House Pte Lie32. Study the diagram, flowers fruits leaves P u\\t s Q roots *| stems R Which arrows show the correct direction in which water moves in a plant? (1) P,QandT only (2) Q,Rand$ only (3) Q,SandT only (4) P, Sand Uonly ( ) (2021/Booklet A/Question 4) 33, The diagram shows a fruit produced from a flower with one female part. le The table shows the classification of flowers. Which represents the flower that the fruit was. a papaya fruit produced from? One ovule Many ovules ‘One ovary P @ Many ovaries R 8 a) P (2) Q @) oR @ ss ( ) (2021/Booklet A/Question 5) © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid v34. 35. Study the chart on classification of organisms. Yes A Can it fly? Yes No. B Does it have feathers? » Yes c Caan it fly? No. Do Which of the following is possible? (1) Ais a butterfly. (2) Cis a mosquito. (3) Band Dare birds. (4) Aand B are mammals. ( ) (2021/Booklet A/Question 6) The diagram shows a process in human reproduction. “be Which statement is not correct? a) (2) (3) @) This process is fertilisation. The egg is produced in the ovary. The fertilised egg develops in the ovary. Fusion of sperm and egg results in a fertilised egg. ( ) (2021/Booklet A/Question 7) © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd36. Substances are obtained from the water carrying tubes and food carrying tubes of a plant on a sunny day. Which of the following is correct? ‘Main substances present in water carrying tubes | food carrying tubes Zo) water and mineral salts ‘sugar and mineral salts (2) water, sugar and mineral salts ‘sugar ~ 3) water and mineral salts sugar (4) | water, sugar and mineral salts water and mineral salts ( ) (2021/Booklet A/Question 8) 37. Wan Ling placed the set-up shown in a dark room. seed damp cotton wool She placed a similar set-up in another dark room at a lower temperature. After a few days, she recorded the number of seeds that germinated in each set-up. What was the hypothesis tested in this experiment? (1) Seeds will only germinate if there is water. (2) Seeds will not germinate when kept in the dark. (3) Seeds will only germinate when the temperature is suitable. (4) Seeds will not germinate when they are placed too close together. ( ) (2021/Booklet A/Question 9) © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd v38. 39. The graph shows the length of time for each stage in the life cycles of organisms P and Q. Number of days 14 ” Key 10 oe 8 Oe 6 4 2 0 Stages egg larva pupa Which statement is correct? (1) Pwas at the larva stage 7 days after the egg hatched. (2) Qspent the shortest time at the pupa stage in its life cycle (3) P took a shorter time to become an adult as compared to Q (4) Q spent a total of 11 days longer than P at the egg and larva stage. ( ) (2021/Booklet A/Question 10) A and B are similar beakers containing the same volume of digestive juices. Equal amounts of potato are placed in the beakers. 1— digestive juice potato ‘The potato in beaker B took a longer time to digest because it has a (1) larger volume (2) smaller volume (3) larger exposed surface area (4) smaller exposed surface area ( ) (2021/Bookiet A/Question 11) ‘© Educational Publishing House Pe Lic40. Jiaxuan placed a plant under the sun for two hours. She wrapped one leaf in a clear plastic bag as shown. clear plastic bag leaf Which graph represents the amount of oxygen in the bag during the two hours? (1) Amount of oxygen (units)| Time (3) ‘Amount of oxygen (units) Ce, Time © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd 2) ‘Amount of oxygen (units) Time (4) ‘Amount of oxygen (units) Time ( ) (2021/Booklet A/Question 12)a 42, ‘Some animals are classified into four groups: insect, fish, mammal or amphibian. Which characteristic is used to classify them? (1) type of body covering (2) way of reproducing (3) number of legs (4) way of moving ( ) (2021/Booklet A/Question 13) Ethan collected seed P from a tree. He conducted an-experiment by dropping a seed from a height and measured the distance, D travelled. BF soca P tS Ethan presented his findings in the graph shown. Distance, D travelled by the seed [oO Variable X ‘What could be variable X? (1) mass of seed (2) amount of wind (3) exposed surface area of seed (4) height from which seed Is dropped ( ) (2021/Booklet A/Question 14) (© Educational Publishing House Pte Lic1 ‘LIFE SCIENCE 1.2 Open-ended questions 1 © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd The diagram below shows insect P and flower Q. Insect P feeds on bees and butterflies and is often found sitting on flower Q. (a) (b) insect P flower Q Explain how looking like parts of flower Q is an advantage to insect P. t) Explain how insect P sitting on flower Q is a disadvantage to flower Q. tt] (2019/Booklet B/Question 29)s and undersides. Each side may be dull or 2. (a) The wings of a butterfly S have upper bright red in colour. . | undersides upper sides Xiaoli observed 50 butterfiies S for each type of wing colour, K, L, M and N. For each type, she counted the number of butterflies that attracted a mate. 50 F-- number of butterflies that altracted a mate : type of dullupper_dullupper bright upper right upper "9 colour bright under dull under bright under dull under K L M N Xiaoli thinks that the wing colour of the upper side would affect the ability of butterfly S to attract a mate, Which two types of wing colour, K, L, M and N, did she use to arrive at this concl Explain your answer. (b) The larva of butterfly S eats only the leaves of a plant which are poisonous. The poison does not affect the larva but is harmful to other organisms. Explain how the ability of the larva to eat a poisonous plant impacts the survival of butterfly S. (i (2019/Booklet B/Question 30) 4 © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid3. Bird P is a pest found in large numbers in areas where people live. The droppings of bird P may carry diseases that are harmful to people. (a) Scientists introduced a substance S to the food of bird P in a town. The graph shows the changes in the number of births and deaths of bird P after substance S was introduced. umber of bird P [> deaths, v t 1 1 p- --£------ 7 = a bjt > months after introduction aes 12 18 «424 «= 3086 of substance S () State how many months after the introduction of substance S did the number of births of bird P start to decrease. i (ii) Using information from the graph, suggest a possible way that substance S acted on bird P. Explain your answer. a) (b) Other than substance S, state another way to control the population size of bird P. [1] (2019/Booklet B/Question 31) © Educational Publishing House Pte id 254. Polar bears are mammals. They swim in the sea to look for food. After some time, they need to get out of the water to breathe and rest on the ice before entering the water again. polar bear ice on the surface of sea water (a) Give a reason why polar bears cannot breathe under water. 1 (b) State two forces acting on the polar bear as it walks on the ice. tt] (c) Due to global warming, the ice on the surface of sea water decreases in size as shown. ice lower temperature. > higher temperature Based on the information given, suggest how global warming affects the survival of polar bears. Explain your answer. 2 (2019/Booklet B/Question 32) © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd5. Ravi wanted to investigate the conditions needed for leaf growth using three types of soll Four pots of identical plants were placed in the same area within a garden. The diagram shows the four pots of plants after two weeks. Pot P Q R s Type of | garden soil garden soil sandy soil clayey soil Availability : ” of water Yes No Yes i Yes (a) State which pots must be compared to conclude about the effect of each variable on leaf growth, Variable Pots to co! mpare Type of soil Availabilty of water [2] Ravi conducted a second experiment to find how the amount of fertiliser affects leaf growth He conducted a fair test, planting the same number of plants in five big pots, V, W, X, Y and 2. The pols are filled with garden soil The results of his experiment are as shown, Pot v w x | ¥ Zz Amount of fertiliser (g) ° 5 wo | 45 20 ‘Average surface area ofa | 20 30 36 20 4 leaf after two weeks (cm) | | (b) What can Ravi conclude about the effect of fertiliser on leaf growth? a a7 © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd(c) Explain why the results of Ravi's second experiment cannot be used to improve the leaf growth in pot S from his first experiment, ui (2019/Booklet B/Question 33) 6. Study the information below about organisms W, X, Y and Z. fa) (b) depends on X and Zto| eats W disperse its seeds eats W eats X Draw a food web to show the food relationships among organisms W, X, Y and Z. [2] The statements below describe the behaviours of organisms X and Z: - Xeats the whole fruit of W. but cannot digest its seeds. - Zeatches X and flies far away from W before eating it. - Zeats only the flesh of X but leaves the internal organs of X behind. Explain how these actions of Z ensure the survival of W. 2 (2019/Booklet B/Question 34) © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd7. The diagram shows a human body system. (a) _ Identify the system and state the function of this system. 1 (b) Name Y. ti] (c) Other than Y, name another two parts of this system, tl (2020/Book\et B/Question 29) © Educational Publishing House Pte Lte 28. The diagram shows fruits E and F. (a) (b) (c) cy é » é E F How are the seeds of E and F dispersed? ti] E , State one advantage of the method used by F to disperse its seeds. (1) John conducted an experiment to find out if the amount of wind affects the distance moved by E as shown. : fan John repeated the experiment five times with all factors kept the same except for one. Suggest two possible ways of varying this factor. iy (2020/Booklet B/Question 30) © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid9. The diagram shows how substances are transported in a plant. P and Q represent different Parts of the plant, The arrows represent the movement of substances G and H. Roots |22==7 5] Pp. Q 7 1 iF * Flowers (a) Identify parts P and Q. (1) Pp Q {b) Identify substances represented by H and describe how these substances move in the plant. 2) (2020/Booklet B/Question 31) (© Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd10. (a) _Oilis sprayed on stagnant water as shown, oil Explain how this prevents mosquito from breeding. (b) Malaria is a disease spread by mosquito A. Children infected with malaria are found to be bitten more often by mosquito A. Joel wanted to find out if children infected with malaria are more attractive to mosquito A due to a certain smell that they produce. He used the set-up shown with 20 of mosquito A in box P. (Ss string AY st white shirt worn by child infected with mosquito A ‘nelaria Box P Joel counted the number of times mosquitoes landed on the shirt for 3 minutes. He repeated the experiment using another shirt worn by an uninfected child in box Q (1) State a hypothesis on how the smell on a shirt affects its attractiveness to mosquito A. i) 32 © Educational Publishing House Pte LtdJoel used a white shirt instead of a black shirt for the experiment. Suggest why using a white shirt allows him to obtain more accurate results. ] (iii) Joe! recorded his results in the table. Number of times mosquitoes landed Shirt in box P 300 Shirt in box Q 120 Scientists are able to store the smell produced by infected people in a container. Suggest how Joel could use this smell and his results to reduce the number of. bites on people. tt) (2020/Booklet B/Question 32) © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd 331. Bees are commonly found near flowering plants. (a) Desoribe how bees help plants to reproduce. fa} Jia Xuan investigated the effect of substance N on bees with two containers, R and S, of the same size using a circular cage. container S container R with sugar water and substance N with sugar water only circular cage 4 t 1 1 ' bees enter here Jia Xuan introduced bees into the cage and closed the opening. She counted the number of times bees visited each container for a duration of 3 hours on Day 1, Day 5 and Day 10. (b) Suggest how the arrangement of containers in the cage allowed for a fair test. [1] ‘The number of times bees visited both containers on Day 1, Day 5 and Day 10 are shown. Number of Key times bees Ti container R visited the containers container $ > A Day (©) Describe how substance N affected the number of times bees visited both containers from Day 1 to Day 10. 2 (2020/Booklet B/Question 33) © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid12, Jayden placed the same amount of pond water which contained tiny organisms into two identical glass containers, A and B. He painted container B black. clear lid black tid pond water with ~~ —_ pond water with tiny organisms.in —} tiny organisms in clear container black container A B He placed both containers at the same place under bright light. He measured the amount of oxygen in each container daily. His results are as shown. Amount of oxygen (units) container A, container B Days (a) __ Explain why the amount of oxygen in container A increased while the amount of oxygen in container B decreased. (2) (b) Suggest one possible reason that could have resulted in Jayden obtaining inaccurate results. ft) (2020/Booklet B/Question 34) © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd 3513. The diagram shows a plant cell. fa) (b) 14. (a) (b) (c) 36 s R t— P \ +—a Name parts R and S. tt R s State the functions of P and Q. 2] Pp Q (2021/Booklet B/Question 29) State the function of the human respiratory system. Include in your answer the gases involved. . (1) Name three parts found in the human respiratory system, ty Describe how the respiratory system works together with the circulatory system in our body. 2 (2021/Booklet B/Question 30) ‘© Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd15. David ate a bow! of rice. Rice is digested into sugar. After three hours, the doctor measured the amount of sugar in different parts of the small intestine. The chart shows the amount of sugar at various parts of the small intestine. Amount of sugar (units) Q R E> Parts of small intestine (a) The amount of sugar increased between Q and R. Explain why. i] (b) The amount of sugar decreased between R and S. Explain why. tn (c) _Undigested food enters an organ after leaving the small intestine. Name this organ and state its main function. Mm (2021/Booklet B/Question 31) © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd a716. 38 George wanted to find out about conditions that affect the breeding of mosquitoes. In an experiment, George recorded the number of mosquito eggs that hatched in a day out of 20 eggs at different temperatures. He repeated the experiment two more times. His results are as shown. Number of eggs that hatched in a day Temperature (°C) [43 experiment | 2 experiment | 3° experiment 2 8 12 ms 28 16 17 7 | 38 fan 0 4 | (a) Describe what George could conclude about the effect of femperature on the hatching of mosquito eggs. 2) In another experiment, George dropped small balls into a well that contains water. ball well water (b) From the diagram, state one physical property of the balls. ty (c) Explain how George's method reduces the breeding of mosquitoes. tt) (2021/Booklet B/Question 32) (© Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd17. Abe has larva and pupa stages. (a) State one way a larva is different from a pupa. tt Bee K collects nectar from flowers. Nectar contains water and sugar. After collecting the nectar, bee K puts it into a hole in the hive. The bee fans the nectar by beating its wings quickly fo turn it into honey as shown in Diagram 1. Diagram 2 shows the amount of water and sugar in nectar and honey. Amount (units) hole in hive nectar honey Diagram 1 Diagram 2 {b) Using the information above, suggest how honey is obtained from nectar and how the behaviour of bee K helps to turn nectar into honey. 2 (c) Bee T is another type of bee. It is fiercer than bee K towards humans. When bee T mated with bee K, their offspring are also fiercer towards humans. Explain why these offspring behave differently from bee K. ttl (2021/Booklet B/Question 33) ‘© Educational Publishing House Pte Lid ”48. John cut out circular discs of equal size from a leaf. These leaf discs can still carry out their functions as a leaf for some time. He dropped one leaf disc into a clear container with liquid Y placed 10 om from the lamp. John switched on the lamp and started the stopwatch. \ liquid Y \ / leaf diso, lamp 10cm — Bubbles were observed under the leaf discs after some time. John recorded the time taken for the disc to float to the surface of liquid Y. bubble under leaf disc {}— liquid Y JTINN lamp’ John repeated the experiment using fresh sets of liquid Y and leaf discs. He placed the containers at different distances from the lamp and his results are as shown. Distance of container from lamp (cm) | Time taken for leaf disc to float to surface (s) 10 8 20 17 | 30 28 (a) Name the process that occurred in the leaf disc. State how this process caused the leaf disc to rise to the surface of liquid Y. tt) 40 © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd{b) Suggest two things John could do to obtain more reliable results. i} (c) John repeated the experiment with water instead of liquid Y. He placed the container 10 cm away from the lamp. The leaf disc did not rise to the surface even after 200 s. Liquid Y provided the leaf discs with a larger amount of a substance than water. Name the substance. t) (2021/Booklet B/Question 34) © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid a2 PHYSICAL SCIENCE 2.1 Multiple-choice questions 1. The diagram shows a measuring tape used by tallors Why is the measuring tape suitable for measuring curved lengths along human bodies? (1) Itis strong. (2) Itis flexible. (3) Itis waterproof. (4) Its an electrical insulator. ( ) (2019/Booklet A/Question 15) 2. Study the circuit. (One bulb is blown and three bulbs remain lit Which bulb is blown? a A (2) B 3S @ D ( ) (2019/Booklet A/Question 16) 42 © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd3. Which of the following is not an example of the effects of a force? (1) Apiece of paper is folded into an aeroplane. (2) The seeds from a plant are dispersed by wind. (3) The temperature of a pot increases when itis heated. (4) The speed of a ball increases when it rolis down a slope. ( ) (2019/Booklet A/Question 17) 4. The diagram shows the moment when a rubber ball hit the ground. After the bounce, the ball reached a lower height than where it started. a @ ‘What was the energy conversion at the moment when the ball hit the ground? (1) potential —> kinetic (2) kinetic —> potential (3) kinetic —» potential + sound (4) kinetic + sound —> potential ( ) (2019/Booklet A/Question 18) © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd “3In a wooden box, objects P and Q are placed touching each other. Heat flows from P to Q. Which statement explains why heat flows from P to Q? (1) Phas more mass than Q. (2) Pisata higher position than Q. (3) Pisata higher temperature than Q. (4) P Isa better conductor of heat than Q. ( ) (2019/Booklet A/Question 19) Ben could easily push a sofa when no one sat on it. However, he found it much harder to push the sofa when Cindy sat on it. Which of the following is the best explanation? (1) There was a greater fictional force between the sofa anc the floor. (2) There was a greater fictional force between the sofa and Ben’s hands. (3) There was a greater gravitational force between the sofa and the Earth. (4) More kinetic energy had to be converted into gravitational potential energy. ( ) (2019/Booklet A/Question 20) © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd7. Study the set-up. The volume of the container is 50 cm?. connected toa pump 35 cm? of air air-tight container teem ovate SE Using the pump, 5 cm? of water and 10 cm* of air are added into the container. ‘What is the final amount of air in the container? (1) 20eme (2) 30cm? (3) 35cm? (4) 45cm? ( ) (2019/Booklet A/Question 21) 8. Identical batteries and bulbs are used to set up the two circuits. fo A XY | (2) A a Zz @ ABCD | XYZ | 4) B.C,D z a ( ) (2019/Booklet A/Question 22) © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid 459. The volume of an object can be measured using a measuring cylinder. The object is first placed into the water. Then the change in the water level is observed. —— water 40 : The table shows the properties of four objects, A, B, C and D. [omer | Poeietow tan [oes teatin wat | entrar A No Yes Yes eB | Yes No Yes c Yes Yes No [> | No No __No For which object can we measure its volume using the above method? aoa @ B g) 4) D ( ) (2019/Booklet A/Question 23) 46 © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd10. Four similar pots of plants, A, B, C and D, are placed at different places as shown. i - 1 no wind, in the shade ho wind, in the sun | A B = windy, in the shade windy, in the sun c | D For these plants to grow well, the soil must be kept wet. Which pot should be watered most often? Moa 2 B @ oc 4) D ( ) (2019/Booklet A/Question 24) ‘© Educational Publishing House Pte Lte 47a 12. In the set-up, the bulb will light up if the parcel has a mass of 20 kg or more, spring contacts How can the set-up be changed so that the bulb will ight up ifthe parcel has @ mass of 18 kg? (1) increase the number of batteries (2) increase the length of the contacts (3) use longer springs of the same type (4) _use stronger springs of the same length ( ) (2019/Booklet A/Question 25) Linda had a bar magnet. She placed a pin at each point, X, Y and Z. She replaced each pin with a heavier pin, until she found the heaviest pin that could be attached without dropping. The results are as shown. bar magnet Ix Y Z| oo = pin pin pin 69) 29 Go) Which of the following can be concluded from the results? A There is a North pole at X. B The pin is made of a magnetic material C The magnetic force at Y is weaker than the magnetic force at Z. (1) Aand B only (2) Aand Conly (3) Band Conly (4) ABandc ( ) (2019/Booklet A/Question 26) (© Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd13. Three springs X, Y and Z have the same length. When the springs are hung from the ceiling using three identical blocks, the results are as. shown, 3.0m | 2 x 3 | Y 3 "| z Which of the following correctly shows the relationship between the elastic spring force and the extension for springs X, Y and Z? () 2) extension ‘extension XYZ zs (same line) 5 Y Zz 0 force oO force (3) (4) extension extension Y z Zz Y x x 0 force 0 force ( ) (2019/Booklet A/Question 27) © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd 4914, The diagram below shows the layout of the stage for a shadow performance. light source J stage — = screen audience There were three actors, A, B and C, who were of the same height. The audience saw the shadows of the actors on the screen as shown. shadow of B --~-| shadow of A --~-+--—Ag ‘Which of the following shows the positions of actors, A, B and C? (2) (3) (4) ( ) (2019/Booklet A/Question 28) 50 © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd15. Acontainer is used to transport heavy objects. The material for making the container must be (1) flexible (2) strong (3) transparent (4) waterproof f } (2020/Booklet A/Question 15) 16. Which of the following shows the properties of a gas? shape volume a fixed fixed @) fixed nottixed | @) | not fixed fixed L (4) nat fixed not fixed ( ) (2020/Booklet A/Question 16) 17. Study the circuit ®) When one bulb was blown, the other bulbs did not light up. ‘Which bulb was blown? (1) A 2 8 @ @) oD () (2020/Booklet A/Question 17) © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd a18. 19. Yiping put an ice cube at the bottom of a tube of water. He heated the water near the top as shown. water wire mesh ice cube ‘After some time, the water near the top started to boil. However, the ice cube did not melt. Which statement best explains why the ice cube did not melt? a) (2) (3) (4) Heat flowed only in the upward direction. Heat was used up to boil the water near the top. Heat passed through the water very slowly to the ice cube. ‘The melting point of the ice cube was higher than the boiling point of water. ( ) (2020/Booklet A/Question 18) Four rings, F, G, H and J, are placed one at a time on a holder. Among the four rings, two are ting magnets and two are iron rings. The observation is as shown ‘Which two are the iron rings? a) (2) (3) (4) FandG FandJ GandH Hand J ( ) (2020/Booklet A/Question 19) (© Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd20. When water changes from gas to liquid at 100 °C, which of the following is correct? (1) The water is boiling. (2) The water gains heat from the surroundings, (3) The water loses heat to the surroundings. (4) There is no heat gain or loss by the water. ( ) (2020/Booklet A/Question 20) 21. Identical bulbs, R, $ and T, are used in the circuit, Which change will allow all bulbs to light up with equal brightness? (1) increase the number of batteries (2) add an identical bulb in series with R (3) add an identical bulb in parallel with R (4) add an identical bulb in series with $ and T ( ) (2020/Booklet A/Question 21) ‘© Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd 5322. In the set-up, a compressed spring was used to push a biock. The block would then slide along the table top before stopping. compressed spring fixed block block wall block (stopped) Which force(s) acted on the sliding block at X? Elastic spring force | Gravitational force Frictional force ay yes yes yes (2) yes no yes | 8) nm yes no | (4) I no yes ~ yes ( ) (2020/Booklet A/Question 22) 23. Inthe set-up, the metal ball is free to move in a metal holder but cannot come out. metal ball metal holder on Which of the following is a possible way to take the ball out? (1) add oil fo the ball (2) heat the ball only (3) heat the holder only (4) heat both the ball and the holder ( ) (2020/Booklet A/Question 23) 54 (© Educational Publishing House Pte Lid24. Xiaoming observed four solid blocks made of materials A, B, C and D. He classified them as shown. Four materials One of the materials is a metal. Which material is metal? “oA (2): B @) c @ oD 25, ( ) (2020/Booklet A/Question 24) The table shows the melting and boiling points of substances P and Q. [Substance P Melting point (°C) Boiling point (°C) Q 180 | 170 423 210 I ‘At which temperature are substances P and Q in different states of matter? (1) 180°C (2) (3) (4) 200°C 350 °C 450°C © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd ( ) (2020/Booklet A/Question 25)26. Johnny set up the following experiment in a dark room. The light sensor S on screen Y gave a reading of 50 units. light sensor S lamp M wooden } screen Y platex Y ‘As Johnny moved one object in the set-up, the reading on S decreased slowly to 40 units and then dropped to 0 units suddenly. Which object did Johnny move and in which direction? (1) lamp M towards plate X (2) lamp M away from plate X (3) plate X towards lamp M (4) screen Y away from plate X ( ) (2020/Booklet A/Question 26) 27. Set-ups P and Q were placed on a table. They contained equal amounts of water at 25 °C and equal amounts of ice cubes. The beaker in set-up P was wider. ice cubes surface where water droplets will form table set-up P Afier a while, more water droplets formed in set-up P. Which statement explains this observation? (1) More water evaporated because the water was warmer. (2) More water vapour condensed because the ice cubes were colder. (3) More water evaporated because the exposed surface area of water was larger. (4) More water vapour condensed because there was less air movement in the beaker. ( ) (2020/Booklet A/Question 27) 56 © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid28. Sarah used a battery, an iron rod and wires to set up an electromagnet, She tested the electromagnet with a magnet. Her observation is shown in Diagram 1. push > battery wire iron rod Diagram 4 Her teacher said, “When the battery is connected in the opposite direction, the poles of the electromagnet will change.” When compared to Diagram 1, which observation supports her teacher's statement? a) (2) @) | @ | ( ) (2020/Booklet A/Question 28) © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd 5729, 30. Ali pumped more air into a ball. He observed that the size of the ball remained the same. Which of the following best explains his observation? (1) Air has mass. (2) Air occupies space. (3) Aircan be compressed (4) Air does not have a definite shape. ( ) (2021/Booklet A/Question 15) Mary wants to read the volume of water in a measuring cylinder. Which method is correct? (1) y (2) (3) A (2021/Booklet A/Question 16) (© Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd31. The table shows the state of three substances, P, Q and R, at different temperatures. of substance at | ~ Substance 3¢ 50°C P Tiquid a | solid ~~ tiquid R solid solid Which statement can be concluded? (1) Phas the highest boiling point. (2) Qhasa lower melting point than P. (3) Qhas a higher boiling point than R. (4) Rhas the highest freezing point. ( ) (2021/Booklet A/Question 17) 32. In which circuit will bulb L be brightest? (3) (4) t () (2021/Booklet A/Question 18) © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd 3933, The diagram shows a toy car moving forward due to the air stored in the balloon. balloon toy car direction of movement Which of the following shows how the energy changes? (1) kinetic energy —* heat energy ——> sound energy (2) potential energy —> heat energy + sound energy (3) kinetic energy ——* potential energy ——> heat energy + sound energy (4) potential energy —+ heat energy + kinetic energy : ne (2021/Booklet A/Question 19) 34, Zhiming placed a magnet and a wooden block on a slope as shown. magnet wooden block The wooden block did not move. Which force(s) acted on the wooden block? Friction Gravitational force | Magnetic force (1) No Yes No (2) No Yes | Yes ( ) (2021/Booklet A/Question 20) 60 © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd35. Ahmad folded a piece of material to make a boat. It floated on water for a while before sinking. What are the properties of the material? Property flexible waterproof Key (1) a * vo: yes ai snes x 2 no @) * x L@ v v ( ) (2021/Booklet A/Question 21) 36. Mariam set up four circuits using identical batteries and bulbs in working condition. A) g (8) In which circuit(s) will at least one bulb not light up? (1) Aonly (2) Band C only (3) AandD only (4) A,CandDonly ( ) (2021/Booklet A/Question 22) © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd a37. Roy parked his car on a slope as shown. door Roy and Laura opened the door from different sides. Both doors have the same mass. Which of the following is correct? Force to open door Explanation (1) | Both Roy and Laura can use | Gravitational force acting on each door is the |__| an equal force. same, [@) [Roy can use a smaller force. | Force is exerted against gravitational force. | (3) | Laura can use a smaller Force is not exerted against gravitational force. force. (4) | Laura has to use a larger force. Force is exerted against gravitational force. ( ) (2021/Booklet A/Question 23) 38, Eric has two cups, A and B, made of material P. He poured an equal amount of hot water into each cup. Cup A was too hot to hold but he can hold cup B easily as shown. material P cup A cup B Which of the following best explains why Eric can hold cup B easily but not cup A? (1) Cup Aisa good conductor of heat. (2) Cup Bis a poor conductor of heat. (3) Distance from heat source is further in cup B. (4) Cup Ais @ good conductor of heat but the handle of cup B is not. ( ) (2021/Booklet A/Question 24) 62 © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd39. Susan looks into a wooden cupboard as shown, wooden cupboard Which statement explains why she can see the glass? (1) No light passes through wood. (2) Light is reflected from the toys. (8) Light passes through the glass easily. (4) Some light is reflected from the glass. ( ) (2021/Booklet A/Question 25) 40. _Meimei heated some buns with a liquid filing as shown in Diagram 1 \—— lid, bun filling burst through pot — wall of bun +~ liquid filling "ee stove Diagram 1 Diagram 2 After a while, the filling burst through the wall of the bun as shown in Diagram 2. Which of the following best explains why? (1) The wall of the bun is not waterproof. (2) The filing expanded more than the bun. (3) The filing is hotter than the bun. (4) Air trapped in the wail of the bun expanded ( ) (2021/Booklet A/Question 26) ‘© Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd 6341, Amy had three different types of fabric, A, B and C. She shone a torch at each fabric and recorded the amount of light passing through with a light sensor for 10 s. fabric torch light sensor i LK Her observations are shown below. Fabric ‘Amount of light passed through A i, very tittle light 5 some light c most light Which graph shows her results correctly? (1) (2) ‘Amount of light Amount of light Time (3) (4) ‘Amount ‘Amount of light of light Time ( ) (2021/Booklet A/Question 27) 64 © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd42. Qianzheng has a toy train as shown in Diagram 1 engine carriage A carriage B I] poleJof poleKof —object__ pole L of ‘magnet magnet P magnet Diagram 1 When he turned carriage A around, it moved together with the engine to the left and carriage B moved away to the right as shown in Diagram 2, engine and carriage A carriage B carriage A Y - carriage B bie moved to right | a pole Jof object pole K of Bole L of magnet P magnet magnet Diagram 2 Which of the following is correct about object P and the poles, J, K and L, of the magnets? P (1) magnet (2) | magnetic material | (3)_| magnetic material o|zj/zl2ie jzlolzlole magnet ( ) (2021/Bookiet A/Question 28) © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid 652 PHYSICAL SCIENCE 2.2 Open-ended questions 1. Mary has a pot of water with a layer of oil as shown below. oil as war (a) Based on what you can observe from the diagram, state a physical property of oll. [1] (b) Mary put the pot in the refrigerator which is at a temperature of 4 °C. After a few hours, the oil froze and Mary removed it easily from the water. (i) State what freezing means. tt] (2019/Booklet B/Question 35) © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd2. Diagram 1 shows the front view of Kenneth’s toy ambulance. He sets up an electric circuit in the toy using bulb P, a sound box S and batteries as shown in Diagram 2. All the circuit components are working, Diagram 2 sound box Diagram 1 Bulb P fixed metal / plate battery} fixed metal: plate headlights When he closes the switch, the bulb does not light up and there is no sound. (a) Drawa cirouit below to correct the mistake(s). (2 Kenneth adds two other bulbs for the headlights of the toy. When he closes the switch, all three bulbs will light up without dimming bulb P. {b) Draw on your circuit in (a) to show how you would connect the two bulbs. i (2019/Booklet B/Question 36) © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd or3. Zhiming set up the apparatus below to investigate how his toy car can move on its own along the plastic track from A down to B, up to C before leaving at D. C is at a fixed height above B. adjustable Joint clamp: stand (a) (b) (e) flexible plastic track — ho B When Zhiming released the car at A, it moved past B but was not able to reach C. Explain why. 0] Without using different apparatus and additional materials, suggest two different ways to help the car reach C in this investigation. Explain your answer. a State the main form(s) of energy that the car will have at C. ti) (2019/Booklet B/Question 37) © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd4, Leela placed a magnet on top of a balance as shown in Diagram 1 object A [-— stand — — —— magnet —}— magnet 68.09 re 1 Diagram 1 Diagram 2 She brought object A close to the magnet as shown in Diagram 2. (a) State what object A is. tt] (b) Explain why the reading of the balance increased in Diagram 2. ica) (c) Leela replaced object A with an iron bar of the same size in the set-up of Diagram 2. (i) State which reading, P, Q, R, S or T, shown below is possible on the balance. P Q rR | s T 54.09 60.09 64.09 68.09 72.09 Reading: Explain your answer. ia (ii) State a variable that Leela must keep constant when comparing object A and the iron bar. tt) (2019/Booklet B/Question 38) © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid 695. ‘A glass has a thin wall and a thick bottom (a) (b) ‘thin wall thick bottom State a physical property of the thick bottom glass that prevents it from breaking when placed on a table. tl ‘Two glasses, A and B, are stacked together as shown. They became stuck and Ahmad was unable to separate them with his hands. glass A glass B—_ For safety reasons, Ahmad is not allowed to use lubricants (e.g. oil) on the glass and not to force the glasses apart with his hands. @ Describe two ways that Ahmad can separate the glasses, You may use a diagram in your answer. 3) why one of the ways in (i) works. it (2019/Booklet B/Question 39) © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd6. Alice and Beatrice were travelling in an air-conditioned car, Both were wearing the same type of spectacles. Alice put her hands over her spectacles but Beatrice did not. When they stepped out of the car, there is less fogging on Alice’s spectacles than Beatrice's as shown. fogged spectacies Beatrice (a) Explain why there is less fogging on Alice's spectacles. 2 (b) Explain why their spectacles became clear again after some time. i (2019/Booklet B/Question 40) © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd n7. Sylvia boiled some water in a pot on a stove. (a) _ State what bolling means. uy (b) _Syivia wanted to cook some eggs at 80 °C. When the water boiled, she removed the pot from the stove and added some cold water. She then put in some eggs and covered the pot for 10 minutes, temperature sensor metal tabletop Without reheating the pot, suggest two ways that Sylvia can make sure that water was kept at about 80 °C in the same pot. fa (2020/Booklet B/Question 35) 2 © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd8. Ravirolled a metal ball from point X at a low speed past a strong magnet on a table as shown. strong magnet table top path of ball metal ball (a) Explain why the metal ball moved past the magnet in a straight line. io) (b) He next rolled an iron ball from X in the same way. strong magnet Oey PathR Which path of the iron ball, Q, R, S or T, is most likely? Explain your answer. 2] (2020/Book\et B/Question 36) {© Educational Publishing House Pte Lid 39. Aisha tied a mass to an electric toy train as shown in Diagram 1. The train moved slowly from Atos. train string mass Ni Diagram 4 Next, Aisha linked a wagon to the train as shown in Diagram 2. When she placed the same mass on the wagon, the train moved faster from A to B. Diagram 2 (a) Give a reason why the train moved faster when pulling the mass on the wagon. [1] (b) The train moved from A to B easily but moved up the slope slowly. Explain why the train moved up the slope slowly. tl ™ © Educational Publishing House Pte LtdThe train and wagon were linked by plastic rings as shown in Diagram 3, back of train opening in plastic ring of wagon is narrower than ring of train plastic ring of train is linked to Plastic ring of wagon Diagram 3 When the wagon was on the slope, it broke loose from the train and rolled downwards as. ‘shown in Diagram 4. The plastic rings used for linking the wagon to the train were not broken train continued to —Tmove up slope wagon rolled down Diagram 4 (c) Explain why the wagon broke loose from the train on the slope without breaking the (2) plastic rings. (2020/Booklet B/Question 37) © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd40. Ahmad set up an experiment in a room as shown. There was no wind. He released the wooden strip with plasticine at A gently. The plasticine made one complete swing when it moved from Ato B and back to A. rod strings plasticine wooden strip stand He wanted to investigate how the mass of plasticine affects the time taken for ten complete wings. His results are as shown. mass of plasticine (g) | time for ten complete swings (s) 10 : 15.0 15 148 | | oun 182 25 149 (a) State two variables he needed to keep constant for the experiment. ie) (b) Based on his results above, state how the mass of plasticine affects the time for ten complete swings. tt] (c) Suggest one improvement to the experiment to obtain more accurate results. a (2020/Booklet B/Question 38) 7 © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd11, Peter built a door lock as shown. ‘When he closed the switch, the iron bolt moved to the right, away from the catch and the door was unlocked, door wall iron bolt wire coiled around a fixed metal cylinder catch (fixed to door) spring (a) State why copper, a type of metal, is used to make wires. ty (b) Explain how the door was unlocked when Peter closed the switch. 2 {c) When Peter opened the switch again, he found that the bolt did not go deep enough into the catch to lock the door properly. Without changing the iron bolt, suggest changes to his set-up so that he can lock and unlock the door properly. Explain your answer. 2] (2020/Booklet B/Question 39) © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd 712. John placed a pack of brown sausages wrapped in clear plastic from the freezer onto a table. After a short time, a thin layer of white solid was formed on the surface of the plastic wrapping. thin layer of white solid formed ‘on surface of plastic wrapping brown sausages wrapped in plastic (a) Explain how the white solid was formed. 2 {b) The white solid cannot be seen after a while. Explain why. i (2020/Booklet B/Question 40) 8 © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd13. Fook Choy wore a face mask in an air-conditioned room. His spectacles became fogged when he breathed, fogged spectacles. face mask Explain why his spectacles became fogged. ia (2021/Booklet B/Question 35) © Educational Publishing House Pte ltd ”14. Cars parked under the sun become hot quickly as heat that enters the cars cannot escape easily. ‘Alex measured the temperature inside a car parked under the sun. He started timing immediately after the car was parked. His results are as shown. Temperature (°C) 60 T 55} 1 Laat 50 at | | 45 | 40 } | 35 30 ~ 4 | ; 2530408067 CTO mi) {a) State what is temperature. ro] (b) Stato the temperature of the surroundings. m (c) State the time taken for temperature to reach 40 °C. 1) ‘Alex put a film over a car window to reduce the amount of sunlight corning into the car. A bubble was seen as shown. film on cat window ——} (4) Explain why the bubble became larger after some days. tl (2021/Booklet B/Question 36) © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd15, Terrence drilled a small hole at the bottom of a pail and hung it above a plate. He filled the pai with water and let the water drip from the hole onto the plate as shown. A sound sensor recordec the sound made by the water droplets. ‘small hole at bottom of pail water z ° sound sensor 4 water droplet ———— 8 o ee ee a The results are as shown. ‘Sound evel (units) 35 ~ 30|-— - | 28 20 15 7 10} — 5 a wore 0-5 10-45 20-25 30 35 40 + Time (s) (a) _ State the number of water droplets that fell on the plate in the first 30 s. I] (b) Suggest why the sound level is not zero between 10s and 15 s. tt] (c) Using the same apparatus, suggest two changes to increase the maximum sound level recorded by the sound sensor. io} (2021/Booklet B/Question 37) © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd a46. Kumar set up the apparatus in Diagram 1. wire coiled around a Ulli hollow metal cylinder string bar HIM ‘When he closed the switch, the bar swung towards the point P. Kumar concluded that the bar isa magnet. Diagram 4 (a) State if you agree with Kumar's conclusion. Explain your answer. 1 Kumar designed part of a game named "Bobbing Carrots’ as shown in Diagram 2. An iron rod and a spring are fixed to the plastic carrot from below. The bottom end of the spring is fixed to a wooden board. plastic carrot top of spring fixed to carrot bottom of spring fixed to wooden board ‘wooden board wire coiled around a hollow metal cylinder Diagram 2 (© Educational Publishing House Pre LtdWhen Kumar closes switch A, the carrot will drop below the hole. (b) » Explain why the carrot appears above the hole when Kumar opens switch A. fe) (c) Suggest two ways to make the carrot drop into the hole faster while making sure that the carrot appears above the hole when the switch is opened. 2] (2021/Booklet B/Question 38) 17. Charlie has a coin bank. (@) Describe one way to find the volume inside the coin bank. ia} (b) The volume inside the coin bank is 200 cm*. Charlie has 200 similar coins. Each coin has a volume of 1 cm®, Explain why Chai cannot put all 200 coins into the coin bank. tt) (2021/Booklet B/Question 39) © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd 8318. ‘Samy compressed a spring to launch a toy rocket in a room as shown. There was no wind. H path of rocket hard floor ‘s— distance moved by rocket. ————>’ He measured the distance moved by the rocket for each try. His results are as shown. Compression of istance moved (cm) spring (cm) Fry | yd 2.0 42 7 5A 40 | 20.5, - 186 60 46.0 49.4 80 “815 86.2 (a) (b) () (a) State the relationship between the compression of spring and the distance moved by the rocket. 10] Name the force(s) acting on the rocket at G when it is moving up the ramp and not touching the spring, 10] Name the main form(s) of energy of the rocket at H. ty ‘Samy decided to repeat his experiment on a sand pit. Explain how this will help him obtain more accurate results. i (2021/Booklet B/Question 40) (© Educational Publishing House Pte LidANSWER KEYS 1 LIFE SCIENCE “Question : “Question z number | number «| number | 1 25 4 37 3 2 4. 14 4 26 4 38 3 | a o[o4 16 4 28 2 0 | 3 5 3 17 1 ~» | 2 a 1 6 3 18 3 30 4 42 1 8 1 20 2 32 3 | e 2 [= | |» | 2 10 2 2 3 34 2 12 1 | 24 2 36 3 2 PHYSICAL SCIENCE Question | newer | uestion | pn Question | gp, ‘Question | umber ‘umber: umber: wer | number: 1 2 8 4 25 3 37 4 2 4 14 1 26 4 38 3 3 3 18 2 27 3 39 4 4 3 16 4 28 4 40 2 5 3 7 3 29 3 “1 4 8 1 18 3 30 2 a2 | 3 7 2 19 1 a 4 8 4 20 3 32 2 ~ 9 2 2 2 3 4 | 10 4 2 4 34 3 4 2 23 3 [ 35 1 © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid 85PSLE TOPICAL SCIENCE ANSWERS (2019-2021) 1 LIFE SCIENCE 1.1, Multiple-choice questions 1. @ Explanation: Plant cells have chloroplasts to corry out photosynthesis. cell wall rn nucleus @ eheytoplasm 2 @) Explanation: In the chort, animals under the | classification *x' have scales and @ shell. We can observe from the diagram that animal Q (turtle) has : these characteristics. In the chart, animals under the clossification "Y' do not have scales. ‘We can observe from the diagram that ‘animal R (frog) has this characteristic. Animal P (lizard) has scales. 3. @) Explanation: Inaplant, water from the roots moves up the stem to the leaves and flowers. Food or sugar (substance P) made in the leaves moves to all parts of the | plants. nN B A 8 oF Leot\ Flower Leof Sg“ Flower stem [_ wt stem 7 Water Food Root[_¢ Root ofede 4.) Explanation: Based on the diagram, we can observe that plant B grows mainly on the right side of the factory. This means that the air on the right side is clean. We can infer that the wind blows the polluted gases towards the left of the factory 5. @) Explanation: Option (1): The birds form one population. Option (2): The grasshoppers form ‘one population. Option (3): The animals live on the tree, which is their habitat. Option (4): The squirrels, birds, “grasshoppers and tree form one community. 6. (3) Explanation: Option (1): As one organism eats another organism, energy is transferred from the organism that is being eaten to the organism eating it. Option (2): As decomposers break down animal wastes and dead organisms, they release carbon dioxide into the air and minerals into the soil Option (3): As energy posses through a food chain, it is released into the environment in the form of heat as ‘onimals undergo respiration and used by animals for life processes (e.g movement). Hence, energy decreases along a food chain. Option (4): During photosynthesis, the light energy from the Sun is converted into chemical potential energy which is stored in the plant. © Educational Publishing House Pe LtdPSLE Topical Science ~ Answers 7 @ Explanation: Option (1): We do not have information on whether burning of | the fuels produces acidic gases. Option (2): P, Q and R will eventually run out, hence, they are all non- renewable. Option (3): Burning of P, Q and R gives out greenhouse gases, which trap heat from the Sun. The trapping of the heat in the environment contributes to global warming Option (4): Burning P produces the lowest amount of greenhouse gases ‘ond hence contributes least to global warming. 8. (1) Explanation; The mass of seed leaves decreases with time. The seed leaves are the source of food for the young plant before its true leaves develop at doy X ond the young plant starts to photosynthesise. ‘The mass of the young plant decreases up to day X because the young plant started with seed leaves and roots in the beginning and the seed leaves _ being the only source of food for _ the plant decrease in mass. The mass of the young plant starts to increase ofter day X as the plant has developed | true leaves. 9. (2) Explanation: Statement. carrying tubes. Statement B: The coloured water moved up the plant through the stem | to the flower. ‘© Educational Publishing House Pte id The coloured water wos | transported up the plant through | water-carrying tubes, not food: | 10. u. Statement C: The coloured water did not reach some parts of the flower, and hence, those parts remained white. Statement D: We cannot conclude that those parts of the flower that remained white do not have water- carrying tubes. The water-carrying tube that leads to the parts of the flower that remained white could have been damaged when the stem was cut. 2 Explanation: The mushroom iso fungus, and not a plant. Hence, it cannot make its own food. The fern is a non-flowering plant, hence, it can make its own food. Both reproduce through spores. @ Explanation Both plants respire in the set-ups, taking in oxygen and giving out carbon dioxide. In set-up P, light could pass through the glass jar, hence, the plant could receive sunlight and carry out photosynthesis during the day. At noon, this plant would use up the highest amount of carbon dioxide to photosynthesise as the intensity of the sunlight was the highest during noon. The amount of carbon dioxide gradually increased as the intensity of sunlight became lower after noon. In set-up Q, light could not pass through the black cloth, hence, the plant in this set-up could not receive sunlight and carry out photosynthesi This plant would give out carbon dioxide during respiration, hence, the amount of carbon dioxide in jar Q increased throughout that day.PSLE Topical Science - Answers rR. Te Explanation; : petals to attract yma to t pollinators | receive pollen ae ovary where s fonthers which Tertlisation produce pollen 13. 14, takes place To form a fruit, parts $ (ovary) and T (stigma) must be present. Therefore, flower A must have S and T intact and flower B could either have $ or T removed. 1”. (3) | Explanation: i Statement A: The lungs and gills ore parts of the respiratory systems. Statement B: The blood in humans ‘and fish carries oxygen from the lungs and gills to various parts of the body. The blood also carries carbon dioxide | from various parts of the body to the lungs and gills. 18. Statement C: Through the lungs, gills and stomata, the organisms take in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide | into their environment, hence the ‘gaseous exchange. @ Explanation: When fuels in cars are burnt, corbon dioxide is released. In the town _ stated, the more cars passed through, ‘the more carbon dioxide would be present. Graph 4 shows the most | stomata found when there were 0-5 cars and the fewest stomata found when there were more than 20 cars, a) Explonation: Frogs lay eggs, have moist skin and have three-stage life cycle. Grasshoppers lay eggs, have exoskeleton and have three-stage life cycle. @ Explanation: Food posses through the digestive system in the following order: mouth, gullet, stomach, small intestine, large intestine. Digestion takes place in the mouth, stomach and small intestine. In the small intestine, digestion is completed, and digested food is absorbed by the blood. Water is reabsorbed from the undigested food in the large intestine. The large intestine does not digest food. @ Nucleus (B) and cytoplasm (D) are both found in plant and animal cells. ‘The cell wall (A) and chloroplast (C) are not found in animal cells. O) Explanation: Moss is a non-flowering plant and thus there is no need for pollinators (butterflies) and since there is no fruit produced by moss, there is no need for animals to help disperse fruits. Moss grow well under shade. They may lose water quickly and die if exposed to direct sunlight. {© Educational Publishing House Pte ledPSLE Topical Science - Answers 20. (2) Explanation: 21% of oxygen is breathed in and 16% of oxygen is breathed out. Thus, only 5% of oxygen, not all of the | ‘oxygen, entered the blood. 21. 4) Plants need carbon dioxide (which enters the plant through stomata), | light (trapped by chlorophyll contained in chloroplasts) and water (enters the plants through roots and | carried by water-carrying tubes) to carry out photosynthesis. Note: Photosynthesis can be summarised by this equation. carbon dioxide + water > sugor | (food) + oxygen 22. @) Explanation: Liquid water enters the roots ond | water vapour leaves the plants through the stomata. 23. (3) Explanation There are 5 months of rain (5 units | ‘or more) from June to October which | allow rice to be grown. There are 5 months of rain (2 units or less) from Nov to Mar which allow barley to be | grown. 24. @) Explanation: ‘The diagram on the left shows flowers which need to undergo pollination | and then fertilisction in order for fruits to be developed as shown in | the diagram on the right. Seed dispersol and germination have not yet occurred. © Educational Publishing House Pte Lid 25. ‘Note: Once fertilisation has occurred, the ovary of the flower will grow into @ fruit while the ovules inside the ovary will develop into seeds. The papers that are clipped to both surfaces of the leaf at 40 °C took a shorter time to turn pink than the papers that are clipped to the leaf at 30 °C. Hence, statement 1 is not correct. The results do not show whether the number of openings (stomata) will change with temperature. Hence, statement 2 is not correct. At both temperatures, the paper clipped to the lower leaf surface took a shorter time to turn pink, thus it means water escape faster through tthe lower leaf surface. Note: The lower leof surface loses water faster because the lower leaf surface has more openings (stomata) than the upper leaf surface. Blood that flows in the blood vessels from the lungs carry the most amount ‘of oxygen. This blood rich in oxygen is then pumped by the heart to other parts of the body where the oxygen is gradually used up and the blood becomes richer in carbon dioxide. The blood which carries more carbon dioxide then goes back to the heart to be pumped to the lungs so that carbon dioxide is released to the environment ond oxygen is taken into the lungs and into the blood vessels to be transported to other parts of the body again.PSLE Topical Science ~ Answers 27. (4) 32. Explanation When the temperature increases, the colour of the water becomes darker pink. This suggests that more red substance has moved out of the cells. The cell membrane controls the substances that move in and out of | 33, cells. Note: The rigid cell wall provides support to the cell and ollows all | substances to pass through. 28. (2) Explanation: Assen from the chart, Mond N have three pairs of legs while L has a pair of legs. M has wings (two pairs) and N hos no wings. All the three organisms the chart lay eggs. 29. (2) ifees Explanation: | Not all living things con make its own food, for example fungi. Not all living things can move from one place to another, for example plants. 30. @) Explanation: Flowering plants produce flowers which, upon going through n and fertilisation, develop into fruits. Non-flowering plants do not produce flowers and thus no fruits : are developed. 31. ‘carbon dioxide, ‘water vapour and ‘other gases (1%) 134 @) Explanation: Water enters a plant via its roots and is then transported to all other parts of the plant via the water corrying tubes in the stem Q Explanation: Ovary develops into fruit while ovules develop into seeds. Since the papaya shown is a fruit with many seeds, the flower that the fruit was produced from would have many ovules. @ Explanation: ‘A mosquito does not have feathers nd it con fly @) Explanation: When a sperm fuses with an egg, the process is known as fertilisati Fertilisation takes place in the fallopian tube (oviduct). The fertilised egg develops in the womb (uterus). 6) Explanation: The water carrying tubes of a plant carry water and mineral salts from the roots. The food carrying tubes carry sugar that is made by the leaves during photosynthesis. @ Explanation: Both the set-ups were placed in dark rooms but with different temperatures, that is, one of the rooms was cooler than the other. Therefore, the variable that was tested is tempercture. © Educational Publishing House Pte LtdPSLE Topical Science — Answers 38. (3) Explanation: 7 days after the egg of P hatched, P was at the pupal stage. Q spent the shortest time (8 days) at the egg stage in its life cycle. Q spent 20 days while P spent 8 days at the egg and larval | stages. Hence, Q spent 12 days longer than P at the egg and larval stages. P took a total of 12 days to become ‘an adult while Q took a total of 34 days to become an adult. 39. (4) Explanation In beaker B, the potato is in one large piece. In beoker A the potato is cut _ into smaller pieces, which leads to | more surfaces exposed, hence a larger exposed surface area, Therefore, the rate of digestion of the potato in beoker A is higher than that in beaker B. 40. (3) Explanation: Under the sun, photosynthesis would take place and oxygen would be released via the stomata of the leaf. Hence, the amount of oxygen in the plastic bag would gradually increase. 41. (1) Explanation: The type of body covering differs in all four groups of animals given. Insects have exoskeleton, fish have scales, mammals have hair/fur, and ‘amphibians have moist skin. 42. (1) ‘As the mass of the seed increases, it becomes more difficult for it to be blown away by the wind from the fan, (© Educational Publishing House Pte Lid Open-ended questions (0) The bees and butterflies are unlikely to notice insect P when they approach flower Q, and hence, become prey to insect P eosily. (b) Insect P eats the pollinators of flower Q, and hence makes flower Q less likely to be pollinated and develop into fruit. (0) Kand M. Between wings colours K and M with bright under sides, M that has a bright upper side showed @ higher number of butterflies that attracted a mate. OR Land N. Between wings colours L ond N with dull under sides, N that has a bright upper side showed a higher number of butterflies that attracted mate. “(b) By having the ability to eat leaves that are harmful to other organisms, the larva of butterfly S has more food to eat due to less competition and hence, is more’ likely to survive and grow into adult butterfly 5. / Other organisms that eat the larva which hos eaten the poisonous leaves may die causing a decrease in the population of the larva's predators eventually (Any one) (@) () 6 months (ii) Substance $ may prevent the fertilisation of eggs inside the female birds before the eggs are Iaid. Thus the number of eggs that hatch out (number of births) gradually decreases. (b)_ Impose strict laws against feeding of birds P. (Accept any other reasonable answer.)PSLE Topical Science - Answers (a) (b) © (a) (b) © (a) (b) Polar bears breathe in air through their lungs | Gravitational force that acts downwards and frictional force between the bear's feet and the | ice Due to global warming, temperature increases and the ice melts and becomes thinner. - The thin ice will not be able to support the weight of polar bears on it, and moy eventually cause the polar bears to drown in the sea water. Variable Pots compare Type of sol ees | Avalabity of ma water There was an increase in the surface area of the leaves indicating growth when fertiliser _ was added up to 10 g, and the growth declined when more than 10 g of fertiliser was used. Gorden soil was used in the second experiment while pot S| contains clayey soil. The type of soil used could affect leaf growth. | << The indigestible seeds which are | not passed out by.X are brought byZ to places far away from W'so ‘that the young plants of W will not compete with adult plants of W for sunlight, water and space. | Z does not eat the intestines of X, thus leaves behind the | undigested seeds, which can | germinate and grow when air, warmth and water are present. (a) (b) © @ (b) © (a) (b) (b) The circulatory system transports ‘oxygen, water and digested food to all parts of the body where they are needed, and carries woste products like carbon dioxide away from all parts of ‘the body to be removed. Heart Blood and blood vessels E~ By wind F ~ By the splitting / explosive action Splitting of seeds prevents overcrowding and reduces competition for nutrients, sunlight, water and space. / The seeds of F do not rely on agents such as wind, which is not always present, to be dispersed. (Any one) To vary the amount of wind, one Way is to adjust the speed of one fan. Another way is to use different number of fons (fewer fans for less wind, more fans for more wind). P-Stem — Q~ Leaves H represents water and mineral salts. Woter and mineral salts enter the roots and move up the stem to the leaves and flowers through the water-carrying tubes. The breathing tubes of the mosquito larva is covered by the layer of oil. The mosquito larva can no longer receive oxygen from the air and dies. (i) More mosquito A will be attracted to a shirt if it has the smell released by malaria- infected children. © Educational Publishing House Pte LtdPSLE Topical Science ~ Answers 1 (© Educational Publishing House Pte Lid (i) A white shirt will allow { Joel to be able to see the mosquitoes clearly and count them accurately. Using o black shirt decreases the visibility of the mosquitoes due to the mosquitoes being camouflaged by the black | colour of the shirt. (ii) Joel’s results show thot | mosquitoes are attracted to the smell produced by infected people. The container which stores the smell produced by infected people can be used to attract ‘ond trap mosquitoes which | will then lead to fewer bites on people. (Any other possible answers | relating to the use of the | container storing the smell of infected people) (a) Bees are pollinators that help to carry and transfer pollen grains | from the anthers to the stigmas ‘on the same flowers or between flowers. Note: After pollination, fertilisation can then take place in the ovary of the flowers. | The containers are of the same size and placed in the same cage. | The only variable is the presence of substance N. / The bees enter the cage in the middle that is at equal distances from the two | containers at the two sides. (Any one) Note: In a fair test, only one _ factor is changed. (b) £14, (Q The absence of substance N in container R couses a decrease in the number of bees visiting the container over the 10 days. ‘The presence of substance N container S causes an increase in the number of bees visiting the container over the 10 days. (@) The tiny organisms in the clear container could receive light and thus photosynthesise to give out oxygen. The tiny organisms in the black container could not receive light ond thus unable to photosynthesis to give out oxygen. The number of tiny organisms in each container may not be the same at the start of the experiment. / The containers may contain different amounts of carbon dioxide at the start of the experiment. / The temperature of the containers may not be the same at the start of the experiment. (Any one) (b) R - Cytoplasm S- Nucleus P - To provide a definite shape / strength to the cell Q-To control the substances that enter and: leave the cell Explanation P is the cell wall which is made of a strong material. W is the cell membrane which controls substances (e.g. oxygen, digested food, carbon dioxide) into and out of the cell. (a) The primary function of human respiratory system is to introduce (take in) oxygen into the body and expel (remove) carbon dioxide from the body,PSLE Topical Science ~ Answers (b) © 15. (a) (b) Nose, windpipe, lungs Air that is breathed into the nose goes down the windpipe to the | lungs which absorb the oxygen in the air into the bloodstream. The heart then pumps the ‘oxygenated blood from the lungs to various parts of the body so that respiration can take place. The carbon dioxide produced by various parts of the body carried by the blood to the lungs to be breathed out through the nose. Explanation: The respiratory system absorbs oxygen from the air into the bloodstream for the circulatory system to transport the oxygen to various parts of the body. The circulatory system transports carbon dioxide from various parts of the body to the respiratory system, At port Q, the small intestine produces digestive juice that digests food into sugar. As food | is moved from part Q to part R, more food is digested into sugar and the amount of sugar | increases. Explanatior From the graph, the amount of sugor at part R is higher than that ot part Q. No digestion of starch takes place - in the stomach. The digestive juice produced by the small - intestine breaks down the starch into sugar. Between R and S, the small intestine absorbs the sugar produced. As sugar is moved from part R to part S, more sugar is absorbed into the bloodstream and the amount of | sugar decreases. 117. @ Explanation The sugar that is absorbed by the small intestine moves into the bloodstream to be carried to various parts of the body for respiration to take place. Large intestine. Its function is to absorb water from the undigested food. As the temperature increases from 22°C to 28°C, the number of mosquito eggs that hatch increases. As temperature increases further, the number of mosquito eggs that hatch decreases. Explanatio ‘The average number of eggs that hatched at 22°C is 11, at 28°C is 52 and at 38°C is 2. The balls float on water. The layers of balls cover the water surface preventing adult mosquitoes from reaching the water surface to lay eggs. / The balls cover the water surface preventing mosquito larva from breathing in air through their breathing tubes. (Any one) ‘A pupa does not take in food and water but a larva takes in food and water. Explanation In the pupal stage, the insect does not feed but it undergoes transformation from the larval stage to the adult stage. {© Educational Publishing House Pte LtdPSLE Topical Science ~ Answers 18. (6) When most of the water content in the nectar is evaporated off, honey is formed. As the bee fans the nectar by beating its wings quickly, it speeds up the rate | of evaporation of water in the nectar. The omount of water in the nectar then decreases until it is much lower than the amount of sugor. Eventually, honey is formed. (© The offspring of bee T and bee :2 K inherited characteristics from | 9. both adult bees. The offspring inherited the fierce behaviour towards humans from bee T, which is not o behaviour in bee | K. 1 Note: The offspring also inherited : other characteristics from bee K | which is not a character bee T. known as / (a) The process is photosynthesis. The oxygen gas bubble produced during | photosynthesis carried the leaf disc up to the surface of liquid Y. | (b) Repeat the experiment two | times to check for consistency of results Use leaf discs from the some leaf | for all the experiment so that the number of tiny openings | (stomata) on each leaf disc | 3 is consistent throughout the experiment. (© Carbon dioxide Explanation: ‘The greater the amount of carbon dioxide, the higher the rate of | photosynthesis. The amount of carbon dioxide in the water was | much smaller than in liquid Y. Therefore, the leaf disc produced smaller amount of oxygen than | in liquid ¥. © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd 10 PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple-choice questions ity is the ability to bend without breaking. The measuring tape is made of a flexible material so that it can be curved around human bodies when taking measurements. Use your finger to cover each of the bulbs, A, B, C and D one at a time. The bulb that is covered is the one that is fused. When bulb A is covered (fused), no bulbs remain lit. When bulb B or bulb C is covered (fused), only two bulbs remained lit. - When bulb D is covered (fused), three bulbs remained lit. A closed series circuit containing bulbs A, B and C is formed. 4 8 @) Explanation: Option (1): Force is needed to change the shape of a piece of paper. Option (2): The wind exerts forces to move the seeds. Option (3): The pot gains heat, hence, its temperature increases. No force is involved, Option (4): Gravitational force pulls the ball downwards, hence, it moves faster down a slope.PSLE Topical Science ~ Answers 4. 3) Explanation: ® ®. a fener lost © ‘N 7 From position A to position B, gravitational potential energy of the ball is converted into kinetic energy as well as heat energy and sound energy when it hit the ground. | Not all the gravitational potential energy is converted into kinetic energy, Therefore, from position B to position C, kinetic energy of the ball is converted into gravitational potential | energy. Position Cis at a lower height than position A because the ball had lost some energy (as sound and heat) when it hit the ground. ae) Explanation: Heat flows due to a difference in | temperature. It flows from a hotter region (of higher temperature) to a cooler region (of lower temperature). thermometer . (1) | Explanation: i When Cindy’s weight pushed onto the sofa, the sofa exerted a greater force onto the floor. This resulted in a greater friction between the sofa and the floor. Ben had to exert a greater push to overcome the friction so as ‘to move the sofa. 11 7. P10. @ Explanation: The capacity of the container is (35 cm? of air + 15 cm? of water =) 50 cm’, After adding 5 cm? of water, it contained (15 cm? +5 cm? =) 20 cm? of water. This is because liquid cannot be compressed. The air in the container would now be (50 cm? ~ 20 cm? =) 30 cm?, This is becouse gas can be compressed. @ Explanation: The pathway containing three bulbs B, C and D is connected to only one battery. The electric current is shared between the three bulbs and ‘thus the smollest electric current will flow through each bulb (B, C aid D) and hence, the bulbs would be the dimmest. The pathway containing only one bulb Z is connected to two batteries. The greatest electric current will flow through this pathway and hence, bulb Z is the brightest. @ Explanation: In order to meosure the volume of the object accurately using the method shown, the object must be able to sink in water, and it should not absorb water. The transparency of the object is not important as we only observe the change in water level. @ Explanation: The rate of evaporation increases with higher temperature (exposure to the sun) and stronger wind. Thesoil in pot D will dry up the fastest, hence, the plant in this pot should be watered most often © Educational Publishing House Pre LidPSLE Topical Science ~ Answers 1. 2. 13, 14, ‘© Educational Publishing House Pte Lid (2) Explanation: i To make the bulb light up with a | smaller mass of parcel, we can modify the set-up by using one of these— longer contacts, shorter springs, weaker springs. @) Explanation: Statement A: Either a North pole or a South pole can attract the iron pin, hence, we cannot conclude the polarity of X. Statement B: Only magnetic materials can be attracted to magnets. Statement C: Magnets are stronger at their poles. The 2g pin has a smaller weight than the 5g pin. Y can ‘overcome asmaller maximum weight of pin than Z con. @) Explanation: Spring X is pulled by the weights of | three blocks. Spring Xis the strongest. It extends the least when pulled by the same force | Spring Y is pulled by the weights of two blocks. Spring Z is pulled by the weight | of only one block. Spring Z is the | weakest. It extends the most when - pulled by the same force. a Explanation: The shadow of actor B oppeared the tallest, so actor B would be the closest to the light source. ‘The shadow of actor A is the shortest, so actor A would be the furthest from tthe light source. 12 15. Q Explanation: In order to support the heavy objects, the container must be strong (high strength to withstand large forces without breaking) 16. Explanation: Option 1 (fixed shape, fixed volume) shows the properties of a solid. Option 3 (no fixed shape, fixed volume) shows the properties of a liquid. ‘gas has no fixed shape (takes the shape of any container it is in) and no fixed volume (can be compressed). @) Explanation: Let's label the other two bulbs E and 17. Use your finger to cover each bulb. When A js blown, electric current can flow through the small loop containing three bulbs 8, E and C. ‘When B is blown, electric current con flow through five bulbs A, D, E, Fand ct When Cis blown, the circuit is opened, no current can flow. When D is blown, electric current con flow through five bulbs A, B, E, F and ic (3) Explanation: Water is a poor conductor of heat. It will toke time for the heat to move down to the ice cube to melt it,PSLE Topical Science - Answers boiling woter (het) cy le) Note: The purpose of the wire mesh | is to hold the ice cube to the bottom of the water as ice floats on water. 19, Note that the gs are placed one at | @ time on the holder. Thus, H and J ‘must be the magnets which repel each other to create the space between them. When G and F are placed on the holder, the repulsion between H and J still creates a space between. Note: With the weights of F and G exerted on H, the space between H and J is expected to be smaller. magnetic repulsive Force Pe] weiane like poles larger (Ta) of Fonds focin spacing smaller 20. (3) When water changes from gas to liquid, the process is known as condensotion. Heat is lost by the gaseous water to the surroundings to become liquid water. Note: There is no change in: temperature when gaseous water ‘at 100°C becomes liquid water at 100°C but there is still heat loss to the surroundings to cause the condensation. Similarly, there is no | change in temperature when ice at 0°C becomes liquid water at 0°C but there is still heat gain from the | surroundings to cause the melting, 13 24 23, @) Explanation: Sand T are in series. R is in parallel with S and T. Hence, a larger electric current flows through R causing R to be brighter than S and T in this current circuit. To allow all bulbs to light up with equal brightness, add ‘one identical bulb in series with R so that there is an equal amount of electric current flowing through the ‘two branches. soo ® new bulb added 1 @ Explonati The elastic spring force is only present in the compressed spring that is in contact with the block. Once the block is pushed away and is not in contact with the spring, there is no elastic spring force acting on the block. Hence, options 1 and 2 are incorrect. At X, gravitational force is acting on the block (pulling it downwards), as well as frictional force acting in the opposite direction where the block is moving towards (slowing it down). Note: Gravitational force acts on all objects on Earth all the time, @) Explanatior By heating the holder, the holder will expand and thus allow more space for the metal ball (no change in size) to come out from the holder. Note: Another way we can think of is to cool down the metal ball so that it contracts. ‘© Educational Publishing House Pre LidPSLE Topical Science ~ Answers 24. (4) Explanation: | Metal will sink in water and does not allow light to pass through it. ‘Note: Material A could be clear plostic since clear plastic floats in water and _ allows light to pass through. Material C could be glass since glass sinks in water and allows light to pass through. : 25. (3) 27. Explanation: i oe At 350°C, substance P is a liquid ond | substance Q is a gas. i When screen Y was moved away from plate X, the distance between lamp | M and light sensor S increased. As a | result of decreasing light intensity | the reading on S decreased slowly | from 50 units to 40 units. light sensor not covered by eos shadow increasing distonce | 4 (© Educational Publishing House Pte Lid 28, At the same time, the size of the shadow of plate X increased. Once the shadow of the plate X covered the light sensor, the reading of the light sensor dropped to 0 units. Tight sensors covered by Set-up P consists of a bigger beaker, and thus the exposed surface area of the water is larger, which leads to more evaporation of the water. More ‘water vapour condenses on the cooler surface and thus more water droplets formed. “In the original set-up (Diagram 1), the end of the electromagnet facing the N-pole of the magnet is also the N-pole due to the repulsion shown. 5 - i = A=] vetey le tei abet With the battery connected in the opposite direction, the pole of the electromagnet should now be S-pole ‘and thus the diogram must show a pull between (the S-pole of) the electromagnet and the N-pole of the magnet. a reversedPSLE Topical Science - Answers 29. 30, 31 32. 33. @) 34. Explanation: Air consists of gases which do not | have a definite volume and can be compressed, @ Explanation: | Placing the measuring cylinder on the table ensures the water level is horizontal. Having the eye levelled at | the the horizontal water level helps _ 35. in taking the reading accurately. The table does not show temperatures ‘at which the substances are in the gaseous state, hence we cannot tell | 36. ‘about their boiling points. R is the ‘only substance that is in solid state | at 50°C. This shows that its melting/ freezing point is the highest. Q) i Explanation: Bulbs arranged in parallel will each receive the exact amount of electrical current as what the battery can | supply. Bulbs arranged in series will receive a lower amount of electrical current supplied by the battery. @ Explanation: : The inflated balloon is a source | of potential energy which when released, will cause the toy cor to | move (kinetic energy). Heat (heot energy) is generated due to friction | between the tyres and contact ; 38, surface. 15 @ Explanation: The friction between the wooden block and the contact surface of the slope prevented the wooden block from slipping down the slope. Gravitational force pulls the wooden block downwards. The wooden block is not a magnetic material and thus, cannot be attracted by the magnet. a) Explanation: Since the material can be folded, it is flexible. After floating on the water for a while, the boat sank, it shows it is not waterproof. @) Explanation: In option (A), the negative terminals of the batteries are connected together. Hence, both light bulbs in (A) will not light up. In options (8) ‘nd (C), the bulbs and batteries are connected correctly and hence, both bulbs light up. In option (D), one of the bulbs is not connected correctly (the metal casing is not connected) and hence one bulb does not light up. 1. (8) Explanation: Laura could only open the car door by going against the gravitational pull. Hence, more force would be required. For Roy the car door would be pulled by the force of gravity and open. @) Explanation: In cup B, the heat will travel over a longer distance in the handle and hence, take time to flow to the hand, and hence, it will be easier for Eric to hold cup B. © Educational Publishing House Pre LidPSLE Topical Science - Answers 39. 40. a. 42. 22 (© Educational Publishing House Pte Lid @) Explanation: An object can be seen because light is reflected off the object and into our | eyes. Most light will pass through the glass and some light will be reflected by the gloss to Susan's eyes. @ Explanation: When the water in the pot starts boiling, plenty of heat is generated | and the bun gets heated up. When ‘the liquid filling absorbs heat and ‘expands more than the bun, there is ! no space within the bun for the liquid filling, and thus the filling bursts through the walls of the bun. @ Explanation: The same amount of light is shone from the torch on the fabrics from the | same distance and thus the amount of light detected by the light sensor | must be constant (horizontal line). @) Explanation: P attracts both pole L and pole J Which are poles of two magnets; P must be a magnetic material. Poles _ K and L must be of the same pole as they repel each other. Since pole K and pole J attract each other, pole J; must have a different pole from pole K, Open-ended questions (0) Oil floats on water. Oil does not mix with water. (6) (i) Freezing isthe change in state of matter from liquid to soli (ii) As the oil froze at 4°C, the | melting point of oil could be at least 4°C. 16 2. @ (b) 3. @) Explanation; Asubstance melts and freezes at the some temperature. Explanation: In diagram 2, bulb P does not light up and there is no sound becouse the metal tip of the bulb is connected to two positive terminals of both the batteries. Also, the negative terminal of 1 battery is connected to the negative terminal of the battery. One of the wires should be connected to metal casing of the bulb and the other wire connected to the metal tip of the bulb. The additional two bulbs must be connected in parallel to bulb P so that the brightness of P will not be affected. Some kinetic energy of the toy car has been converted into heat due to friction as it moves from Ato B.PSLE Topical Science - Answers (b) 1. Increase the height of A. Explanation: By increasing the height of A, the toy car will possess more _ gravitational potential energy which will be converted into more kinetic energy. 2. Give the toy car a push when releasing it at A. i Explanation The push provides the car ‘additional kinetic energy at A on top of the gravitational potential energy it possesses. i Gravitational potential energy | ond energy ‘A magnet Indiagram 2, due tothe repulsion: between like poles of the two | magnets, the magnet exerts a | greater push on the top of the balance and hence, the reading | of the balance increases. Explonation: : In diagram 1, only the weight of ‘the magnet exerts a push on the top of the balance. () Reading: P The iron bar will attract the ‘magnet so it exerts a smaller push on the top of the! balance. The distance between the magnet and object A and the distance between the magnet ‘and the iron bar Strength a 7 1. Submerge half of glass 8 in hot water. 2. Pour cool water into gloss A. (i) When glass B is heated, it expands and becomes larger than glass A. / When glass Ais cooled, it contracts and becomes smaller than glass B. Alice’s spectacles gained heat from her hands and hence, were warmer (less cold) than Beatrice’s spectacles. Less water vapour lost heat to Alice’s spectacles and condensed to form less water droplets. ‘The spectacles and water droplets gained heat from the warm surrounding air and the water droplets would evaporate, Boiling is the change of state of ‘a substance from liquid to gas at its boiling point. Cover the outside of the pot with an insulating material. / Place the pot on top of a heat insulator (e.g. a cork coaster) instead of a metal tabletop. / Place a heating element inside the water. (Any one) The metal ball is non-magnetic, and thus itis not attracted to the strong magnet. Path R. As iron is a magnetic material, itis attracted by// pulled towards the strong magnet and hence it changes in direction of motion. The wheels on the wagon reduced the friction between the mass and the track, thus the train moved foster. (© Educational Publishing House Pte LidPSLE Topical Science — Answers (b) Gravitational force is acting on the train and the mass that it is tronsporting, thus the train moved up the slope slowly. / As the train moved up the slope, electrical energy is converted to gravitational potential energy. The train has less kinetic energy and so it moved up the slope slowly. Note: You can explain in terms of force or in terms of energy conversions. (Any one) The front wagon ring is made of plastic material which is flexible and so it bends as the two rings pull each other. As a result, the opening of the wagon ring enlarges allowing the ring of the train to move out of the opening, 0 10. (a) When releasing the wooden strip with plasticine at A, there must | be no pushing force acting on | the wooden strip. / The starting position where the wooden strip | is releosed must be fixed and consistent in each experiment. / - Length of the strings (Any one) () increases, the time taken for ten As the mass of the plosticine | complete swings varies / stays : around 15.0 s. (Any one) © or at the same height throughout the exper measurement for each mass and take the average reading. / Take masses. / Measure the time for Keep positions A and B consistent | ent. / Repeat the - twenty complete swings instead | of ten. (Any one) (© Educational Publishing House Pte Lid 18 " | to the left measurements for more different (0) Copper is a good conductor of electricity, (b) When the switch is closed, a closed circuit is formed, electricity flows through the circuit and the fixed metal cylinder becomes an electromagnet. The electromagnet attracts the iron bolt and the iron bolt moves ‘away from the catch and unlocks the door. Use a stronger spring. When the switch is opened, the electromagnet loses its magnetism ‘ond no longer attracts the iron bolt. The greater/stronger elastic spring force from the compressed spring will then push the iron bolt into the catch deeper. / Use a stronger electromagnet (or more batteries, more coils around the metal cylinder). When the switch is closed, the electromagnet will exert a stronger attractive force on the iron bolt thereby compressing the spring more. When the switch is opened, the spring will exert a greater push on the iron bolt. © Explanation: oo |] electromagnet ‘ora pulling the iron bolt towards it Al (to the right) oe, closed vada switch compressed spring exerting o pushing force on the iron boltPSLE Topical Science - Answers sausages was taken out of the | freezer, the warmer water vapour in the surrounding air came into contact with the colder surface of the clear plastic containing the frozen sausages, causing the | water vapour to lose heat and | condense into water droplets. | The water droplets continued to / lose heat to the frozen sausages and eventually the temperature of the water droplets became low enough to reach the freezing point and the water droplets turned into ice. The white solid seen on the surface of the plastic wrapping is ice. After some time, the white solid (ice) gains heat from the surrounding and melts to form | water droplets. | Note: After some time, due to the heat gained by the sausages from the surrounding, the sausages | will no longer be as cold as when they were just taken out of the freezer. 7 (b) 13. As Fook Choy breathed out, his brecth containing warm water | vapour escaped through the opening at the top part of the mask. When the warmer water vapour came into | contact with the cooler surface of the spectacles, the warmer water | vapour lost heat and condensed into _ tiny water droplets on the spectacle surface, causing the spectacles to become fogged. 19 16. 12. (a) When the cold pack of brown | 14. (0) (b) © @ (0) (b) @ (a) Temperature is o measurement ‘of how hot an object is. 30°C 10 min The gos trapped in the bubble expanded as the gas absorbed heat from the sun. 3 The sound sensor detects background sound from surrounding objects such as the power supply that is connected to the sound sensor. Note: The sound level between 10s and 15 s is the some as that before the first drop. Therefore, the sound between 10 s and 15.5 is not due to vibrations of the plate os the water droplets hit the plate, Put the sensor nearer to the plate. Increase the height of the pail from the plate. Explonation: By increasing the height between the pail and plate, there will be more gravitational potential energy of the water that will be converted to more kinetic energy ‘and more sound energy (due to greater impact as the water droplet hits the plate). No. The metal bar is only attracted to the metal cylinder which becomes an electromagnet when electricity flows through the wire coil. If the metal bar is a magnet, it should be attracted to the metal cylinder at all times. Explanation: The metal cylinder is made of iron which would always attract the bor if the bar is a magnet. © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd