SAM PLE \ I

Q U E S T IO N
PAPER 8
; * '* '* f l l

Social Science
(Questions-Answers)
Time : 3 hrs Max. Marks : 80

Instructions
1. Q uestion paper comprises five Sections - A, B, C, D and E. There are 37 questions in the question
paper. All questions are compulsory.
2. Section A - From question 1 to 20 are MCQs of 1 m ark each.
3. Section B - Q uestion no. 21 to 24 are Very Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 2 m arks each.
Answer to each question should not exceed 40 words.
4. Section C contains Q. 25 to Q.29 are Short A nswer Type Questions, carrying 3 m arks each. A nswer to
each question should not exceed 60 words.
5. Section D - Q uestion no. 30 to 33 are long answ er type questions, carrying 5 m arks each. Answer to
each question should not exceed 120 words.
6. Section-E - Questions no. from 34 to 36 are case based questions w ith th ree sub questions and are of
4 m arks each.
7. Section F - Q uestion no. 37 is m ap based, carrying 5 m arks w ith two parts, 37a from H istory (2 marks)
and 37b from Geography (3 marks).
8. There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an in tern al choice has been provided in few
questions. Only one of th e choices in such questions have to be attem pted.
9. In addition to this, separate instructions are given w ith each section and question, w herever necessary.

Section A : Multiple Choice Questions (l x 20 = 20 Marks)

1. Who ruled France in 1830’s and was 2. W hat does Liberalism m eant to the new
forced to flee after unem ploym ent caused m iddle classes? (l)
w orkers to revolt on roads? (l) (a) Econom ic freedom
(a) King E m m anuel II (b) Freedom of the individual and equality of
(b) King William I all before law.
(c) King Louis Philippe (c) End of aristocracy
(d) King Wilhelm (d) New political rights
i S u cceed Sample Paper 8 113

3. Following image is a caricatu re of which 8 . Fill in the blank. (l)

personality in the G erm an Reichstag Coal
Jharkhand
(Parliam ent) from Figaro, Vienna.
Arunachal Pradesh ?
Identify. (l)
(a) Soil
(b) S olar energy
(c) W ater resources
(d) M inerals

Which of the following soils supports the

crop of Bajra? (1)
(a) Red soil (b) Alluvial soil
(c) Black soil (d) Yellow soil

10. Read the following statem ents and choose

the co rrect code. (l)
(a) King Victor E m m anuel II (i) In a federation, the powers of the
(b) Otto von B ism arck federal and provincial governments are
(c) G iuseppe Mazzini clearly demarcated.
(d) G iuseppe G aribaldi (ii) India is a federation because the powers
4. In w hich year the Flabsburg rulers of the Union and State Governments are
granted m ore autonom y to the specified in the Constitution and they
H ungarians? (1) have exclusive jurisdiction on their
respective subjects.
(a) 1850 (b) 1857
(c) 1867 (d) 1868 (iii) Sri Lanka is a federation because the
country is divided into provinces.
5. Arrange the following in a chronological (iv) India is no longer a federation because
order. (l)
some powers of the states have been
(i) First Malayalam Book was printed. developed to the local government
(ii) Calcutta Supreme Court passed bodies.
regulations to control press freedom. Codes
(iii) Fairy Tailes printed by Grime Brother. (a) Only (i)
(iv) Martin Luther wrote ‘Ninety Five (b) Both (i) and (ii)
Thesis’. (c) Only (iii)
(a) (iv), (iii), (i), (ii) (b) (ii), (iii), (i),(iv) (d) Both (iii) and (iv)
(c) (iv), (i), (iii), (ii) (d) (ii), (iv), (iii), (i)
11. There are two statem ents m arked as
6 . Identify the soil w ith the help of given Assertion (A) and Reason (R). M ark your
clues. (l) answ er as p er the codes given below. (l)
• It is acidic in nature. Assertion (A) Com m unity G overnm ent in
Belgium is elected by one language
• It is rich in iron.
community.
• It is found in Hills summits of Eastern,
Western Ghats and Assam Hills. Reason (R) Com m unity G overnm ent
(a) Red soil (b) Laterite soil helped in resolving conflict betw een
(c) Black soil (d) Alluvial soil different linguistic groups.
Codes
7. W hich of the following is an exam ple of (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
cultivable w asteland? (l) explanation of A.
(a) Gross C ropped Area (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the
(b) B arren W asteland correct explanation of A.
(c) C urrent Fallow Land (c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) Uncultivable Land (d) A is false, but R is true.
114 i S u cceed SOCIAL SCIENCE Class 10

12. Choose the correctly m atched pair. (l) 16. M atch the following. (1)
List I List I I L istI L ist II

(a) Sinhala-speakers 80 % A. Highest Per Capita Income 1. Bihar

(b) Tamil- speakers 18% B. Highest Literacy Rate 2. Haryana
(c) Dutch-speakers 74% C. Highest Infant Mortality Rate 3. Kerala
(d) French- speakers 20%
Codes
13. Pokharan, the place w here India (a) A-2, B-3, C-l (b) A-3, B-2, C-l
conducted its n u clear tests, lies in (c) A-l, B-3, C-2 (d) A-2, B -l, C-3
R ajasthan. Suppose the G overnm ent of 17. Analyse the table given below and
R ajasthan was opposed to the C entral answ er the question th a t follows.
G overnm ent’s n u clear policy, could it
The source shows a database of w orkers
prevent the G overnm ent of India from em ployed in different sectors
conducting the nu clear tests? Identify the
(in millions). (l)
reason from the given options. (l)
Sector Unorganised Organised Total
(a) Yes, the State governm ent could prevent it
as Defence is a subject of State List. Primary 200 2 202
(b) No, the State governm ent could not prevent Secondary 50 5 55
the C entral governm ent from conducting
the nuclear tests because ‘D efence’ is the Tertiary 80 20 100
subject of Union List and n u clear tests are Total 330 27 357
the p art of the Defence.
Total in % 100%
(c) Yes, the State governm ent could prevent it
as conducting nuclear tests is a subject of Calculate the percentage of people in an
C oncurrent List. organised sector.
(d) No, the State governm ent could not (a) 10% (b) 9.6%
prevent the Central governm ent as (c) 7.6% (d) 8.4%
conducting nuclear tests in any state is
legally valid. 18. Ram w eight is 98 kgs and his height is
165 cm. Find out his Body Mass Index
14. In w hich year the am endm ent in the (BMI) from the following options. (l)
Indian Constitution was m ade th a t led
the third tier of dem ocracy m ore effective (a) 18.5 (b) 15.2 (c) 36.0 (d) 25.0
and powerful? (l) 19. W hich of the following provision makes
(a) 1990 (b) 1992 NREGA as the Right to Work? (l)
(c) 1994 (d) 1995
(a) Increase in land productivity has been
given preference.
15. W hat kind of change took place in (b) If the governm ent fails to provide
1993 in Belgium? Identify the co rrect em ploym ent, it will give unem ploym ent
option. (l) allowance.
(a) The C onstitutional Powers w ere taken away (c) This Act has been spread to all the districts
from regional governm ents and w ere given in the country.
to the C entral governm ent. (d) All of the above
(b) The regional governm ents w ere given
C onstitutional pow ers th at w ere no 20. W hich of the following types of
longer dependent on the Central activities are covered in the Secondary
governm ent. sector? (l)
(c) The regional governm ents w ere given (a) Goods are produced by exploiting natural
C onstitutional pow ers th a t w ere resources.
co-dependent w ith C entral governm ent. (b) It includes agriculture, forestry and dairy.
(d) The C onstitutional pow ers w ere com pletely (c) N atural products are changed through
taken aw ay from the C entral ^ m anufacturing.
governm ent and w ere given to the m ajority (d) It generates services ra th e r than goods.
community.
I S u cceed Sample Paper 8
Section B : Very Short Answer Questions
21 . “Rich peasants becam e supporters of
the Civil D isobedience M ovem ent”.
Com m ent.
22 . State the o rder passed by the Suprem e
C ourt to reform the Election
Com m ission of India.
Section C : short Answer Questions
25. M odem currency is accepted as a medium
of exchange without any use of its own.
Why?
26. W hat w ere the results of the ethnic
conflict in Sri Lanka?
Or State a com parative analysis
betw een India and Belgium in the
sphere of area.
Section-D : Long Answer Questions
30. W hat was the political scenario of India
from 1922 to 1930?
Or Write a brief note about the H industan
Socialist Republican Army.
31. Explain five political outcom es of
democracy.
Or In actual life dem ocracies do not ap p ear
to be very successful in reducing
econom ic inequalities. Explain the
statem ent.
Section-E : Case Based Questions
34. Read the source given below and answer
the questions that follow.
What we know today as Germany, Italy
and Switzerland were divided into
kingdoms, Duchies and Cantons whose
ruler had their autonomous territories.
Eastern and Central Europe were under
autocratic monarchies within the
territories of which lived diverse
115
(2x4 = 8 Marks)
23. W hat do you m ean by the B arter System of
Exchange? • (2)
(2)
24. Why has the N ational m anufacturing
com petitiveness council been set up? (2)
Or On w hat basis is the industrial sector
(2)
classified into public and private sector?
(3x5 = 15 Marks)
27. Why resource planning is essential for
India? Explain. (3)
(3)
28. Give any two m erits and dem erits of one
party system. (3)
(3)
29. How did plantation w orkers in Assam
have th eir own understanding of
M ahatm a G andhi and the notion of
Sw araj? Explain. (3)
(5 x 4 = 20 Marks)
32. State the significance of conservation of
(5) m inerals. H ighlight any three m easures to
conserve them . (5)
Or How nuclear energy is expected to play an
im portant role in India? Give argum ents to
support this statement.
(5)
33. Bank plays a significant in the Econom y
of India. Analyse and explain the
statem ent in a elaborative m anner. (5)
Or Briefly describe the functions of Reserve
Bank of India.
( 4 x 3 = 12 Marks)
peoples .They did not see themselves as
sharing a collective identity or a common
culture. Often, they even spoke different
languages and belonged to different ethnic
groups. The Habsburg Empire that ruled
over Austria-Hungary, for example, was a
patchwork of many different regions and
peoples. It included the Alpine regions-the
Tyrol, Austria and the Sudetenland as well
116
as Bohemia, where the aristocracy was
predominantly German speaking. It also
included the Italian speaking provinces of
Lombardy and Venetia.
In Hungary, half of the population spoke
Magyar while the other half spoke a variety
of dialects. In Galicia, the aristocracy
spoke Polish. Besides these three dominant
groups, there also lived within the
boundaries of the empire, a mass of subject
peasant peoples Bohemians and Slovaks to
the North, Slovenes in Carniola, Croasts to
the South and Roumans to the East in
Transylvania.
Such differences did not easily promote a
sense of political unity. The only tie binding
these diverse groups together was a
common allegiance to the emperor.
(i) What was the reason behind Germany,
Italy and Switzerland not being a
nation state? (l)
(ii) Were there any nation - states in
Europe till the mid 18th Century.
How? (2)
(iii) Describe the Habsburg Empire. (1)
35. Read the given extract and answer the
following questions.
Most regions of the world are getting
increasingly interconnected. While this
interconnectedness across countries has
many dimensions — cultural, political,
social and economic — this chapter looks
at globalisation in a more limited sense. It
defines globalisation as the integration
between countries through foreign trade
and foreign investments by Multinational
Corporations (MNCs).
If we look at the past thirty years or so, we
find that MNCs have been a major force in
the globalisation process connecting
distant regions of the world. Why are the
MNCs spreading their production to other
countries and what are the ways in which
they are doing so? In order to discuss this
rather than relying on quantitative
estimates, the rapid rise and influence of
the MNCs has been shown through a
variety of examples, mainly drawn from
the Indian context. Globalisation has been >
facilitated by several factors.
SOCIAL SCIENCE Class 10
Three of these have been highlighted: rapid
improvements in technology, liberalisation
of trade and investment policies and
pressures from international organisations
such as the WTO. Improvement in
technology is a fascinating area for students
and you may, with a few directions,
encourage them to do their own explorations.
(i) Which factors are kept in mind by the
MNC’s for setting up the production? (1)
(ii) How an MNC exert strong influence on
production at distant locations? (l)
(iii) State the factors which facilitated
Globalisation. (2)
36. Read the given extract and answer the
following questions.
Alluvial soil is the most widely spread and
im portant soil. In fact, the entire Northern
plains are made of alluvial soil. These have
been deposited by three im portant
Himalayan river systems-the Indus, the
Ganga and the Brahm aputra. These soils
also extend Rajasthan and Gujarat through
a narrow corridor. Alluvial soil is also found
in the Eastern coastal plains particularly in
the deltas of the Mahanadi, the Godavari,
the Krishna and the Kaveri rivers.
The alluvial soil consists of various
proportions of sand, silt and clay. As we move
inlands towards the river valleys, soil
particles appear some what bigger in size. In
the upper reaches of the river valley i.e. near
the place of the break of slope, the soils are
coarse. Such soils are more common in
piedmont plains such as Duars, Chos and
Terai. Apart from the size of their grains or
components, soils are also described on the
basis of their age. According to their age
alluvial soils can be classified as old alluvial
(Bangar) and new alluvial (Khadar). The
Bangar soil has higher concentration of
kanker nodules than the Khadar soil. It has
more fine particles and is more fertile than
the Bangar.
(i) Why alluvial soil requires least water?(l)
(ii) What is the reason behind high fertility
of alluvial soil? (l)
(iii) In India, where can one find alluvial
soil? Which Indian state has largest
deposits of alluvial soil? (2)
i S u cceed Sample Paper 8 117

Section-F •' M ap Skill Based Questions (2 + 3 = 5 Marks)

37. (a) Tw o p la c e s A a n d B a r e m a r k e d o n th e g iv en o u tlin e m a p o f In d ia . Id e n tify th e m a n d w rite

th e ir c o r r e c t n a m e s o n th e lin e s d r a w n n e a r th e m . (2)
A. The p lace w h e re th e In d ia n N a tio n a l C ongress S ession w as h eld in D ecem b er 1920.
B. The p lace w h e re th e C otto n Mill W orkers S a ty a g ra h a w as co n d u cted .
(b) O n th e s a m e o u tlin e m a p o f In d ia , lo c a te a n y th re e fe a tu re s o f th e fo llo w in g w ith s u ita b le
sy m b o ls. (3)
(i) An A irp o rt in W est B engal
(ii) R a m a g u n d a m T h erm al P ow er P la n t
(iii) T h iru v a n a n th a p u ra m S o ftw are Technology Park
(iv) T utico rin Port

Answers
7. (c) King Louis Philippe 13. '( b ) No, the State government could not prevent
the Central government from conducting the
2. (b) Freedom of the individual and equality of all
before law. nuclear tests because 'Defence' Is the subject of
Union List and nuclear tests are the part of the
3. (,b) Otto von Bismarck Defence.
4. (c) 1867 14. (,b) 1992
5. (a) (iv), (iii), (i), (ii) 75. (,b ) The regional governments were given
6. (b) Laterite soil Constitutional powers that were no longer
dependent on the Central government.
7. (d) Uncultivable Land
16. (a)
8. (c) Water resources
7 7. (c) 7.6%
9. (c) Black soil
18. (c) 36.0
10. (b) Both (i) and (ii)
79. (b) If the government fails to provide employment,
11. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
it will give unemployment allowance.
explanation of A.
20. (c) Natural products are changed through
12. (b)
manufacturing.
1T8
21. Rich peasants also had their ideals and
perceptions of Swaraj which encouraged them to
join the movement. Rich peasants like Patidars of
Gujarat and Jats in Uttar Pradesh who were
producers of commercial crops were hard hit by
depression and foiling prices. As their cash
income reduced they were unable to pay
government revenue. The government refused to
reduce revenue. So the rich peasants became
supporter of Civil Disobedience Movement.
22. The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the
influence of money and criminals. Now, it is
mandatory for every candidate who contests
elections to file an affidavit giving details of his
property and criminal cases pending against him.
The new system has made a lot of information
available to the public. But there is no system of
check if the information given by the candidates is
true.
23. Before the use of money, people followed a barter
system of exchange. In this system, goods are
directly exchanged (without use of money)
between two or more people who agree to
exchange each other’s goods.
For example, farmers exchanging wheat for shoes
and vice versa. In this case, the farmer and shoe
manufacturer should be in need of each other’s
goods. This is called double coincidence of wants.
24. The National manufacturing competitiveness
Council has been set up with the objective to
develop the sector of manufacturing industries.
This council provide a continuing forum for policy
dialogue to energise and sustain the growth of
manufacturing industries in India.
Or On the basis of ownership of enterprises the
industrial sector is classified into public and private
sector.
Public sector organisations are owned, controlled
and managed by the government or the state run
bodies. Private sector organisations are owned,
controlled and managed by individuals, groups or
business entities.
2 5 . Modern currency is accepted as a medium of
exchange without any use of its own. It is due to
the reason that the modern currency is not made
up of precious metal such as gold, silver or copper
and like grain and cattle, it is not of everyday use.
Thus, the modern currency is without any use of its
own.
But still it is accepted as a medium of exchange as
it is authorised by Government of the country.
SOCIAL SCIENCE Class 10
It has certainly made transactions easier and is
easy to carry also. In India, the Reserve Bank of
India issues currency notes on behalf of the
Central Government and guarantees the value
attached to paper notes and coins.
26. The results of the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka were
as follows
• The distrust between the Sinhalese and the
Tamils led to widespread conflict and soon
turned into a Civil War.
• Many families were forced to leave the country as
refugees. Many people lost their livelihoods.
• The Civil War caused a terrible setback to the
social, cultural and economic life of the country.
Or Belgium is a small country in Europe. It covers an
area of 30,528 sq.km. It has borders with France,
Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg.
Regarding population it has a population of over
one crore, about half the population of Haryana.
On the other hands, India is a vast country (covers
3287263 sq. km area) with 22 officially
recognised languages. Hindi and English are used
as official languages. To draw areawise division
according to language spoken is very difficult
in India.
2 7 . Resource planning is essential in India as
resources are limited and unevenly distributed over
the country. Planning will help in reducing wastage
as well as taking care of the requirements of future
generations.
An example of uneven distribution of resources is
Arunachal Pradesh which has abundance of water
resources, but lacks infrastructural development to
utilise the water resources.
Irrational consumption and over utilisation of
resources leads to socio-economic and
environmental problems like in Punjab, waterlogging
has increased salinity and alkalinity in the soil.
28. Merits of one-party system are
(i) Strong and Stable Government Since there
is no opposition party, the government is
strong and cannot be removed or voted out of
power.
(ii) Less Expensive Since there is only one party
and one candidate of the party, not much
money is spent on the election.
Demerits of one-party system are
(i) Undemocratic Government can become
dictatorial.
(ii) No Choice It gives no choice to the voters.
I S u cceed Sample Paper 8
29. The plantation workers in Assam had understood
the notion of Swaraj in the following ways
• For plantation workers in Assam, freedom
meant the right to move freely in and out of the
confined space in which they were enclosed.
Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to leave
the Tea gardens without permission.
• Swaraj for plantation workers meant retaining a
link to the village from where they had come.
When plantation workers heard of the
Non-Cooperation fylovement thousands of
workers refused to obey their authorities, left
the plantations and headed home.
• They believed that Gandhi Raj was coming and
everyone would be given land in their own
village. The plantation worker, however never
reached their destination as they were caught
by the police and brutally beaten up.
30. The political scenario of India from 1922 to
1930 is
• CR Das and Motilal Nehru formed the Swaraj
Party within the Congress to argue for a return
to council politics. But, younger leaders like
Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhash Chandra Bose
pressed for more radical mass agitation and for
full independence.
• The demand for agricultural goods fell and
exports declined, peasants found it difficult to
sell their harvests and pay their revenue. By
1930, the countryside was in turmoil. Against
this background the new government in Britain
constituted a Statutory Commission under Sir
John Simon. The problem was that the
commission did not have a single Indian
member. They were all British. Lala Lajpat Rai
was assaulted by the British police during a
peaceful demonstration against the Simon
Commission. It was greeted with the slogan
‘Go Back Simon’.
• In an effort to convince Indians, the Viceroy
Lord Irwin announced in October 1929, a
vague offer of 'dominion status’ for India in an
unspecified future and a Round Table
Conference to discuss a future Constitution.
This did not satisfy the Congress leaders. The
radicals within the Congress, led by Jawaharlal
Nehru and Subhash Chandra Bose, became
more assertive.
• In December 1929, under the Presidency of
Jawaharlal Nehru, the Lahore Congress
formalised the demand of ’PurnaJSwaraj’ or full
independence for India.
119
Or In 1928, the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army
(HSRA) was founded at a meeting in Feroz Shah
Kotla ground in Delhi. Amongst its leaders were
Bhagat Singh, Jatin Das and Ajoy Ghosh. Many
nationalists thought that the struggle against the ,
British could not be won through non-violence. HSRA
was a manifestation of this ideology. In a series of
dramatic actions in different parts of India, the HSRA
targeted some of the symbols of British power.
In April 1929, Bhagat Singh and Batukeswar Dutta
threw a bomb in the Legislative Assembly. In the
same year, there was an attempt to blow up the train
that Lord Irwin was travelling in. Bhagat Singh was
23, when he was tried and executed by the colonial
government. During his trial, Bhagat Singh stated
that he did not wish to glorify 'the cult of the bomb
and pistol' but wanted a revolution in society.
’Revolution is the inalienable right of mankind.
Freedom is the imprescriptible birthright of all. The
labourer is the real sustainer of society. To the altar of
this revolution we have brought our youth as incense,
for no sacrifice is too great for so magnificent a
cause We are content. We await the advent of
revolution. Inquilab Zindabadi’
31. The five political outcomes of democracy are as
follows
(i) The most basic outcome of democracy is that it
produces a government that is accountable to the
citizens and responsive to the needs and
expectations of the citizens.
(ii) Democracy is based on the idea of deliberation
and negotiation.
(iii) A democratic government may take more time to
follow procedures before arriving at a decision.
But because it follows procedures, its decisions
may be both more acceptable to the people and
more effective. So, the cost of time that
democracy pays is worth it.
(iv) Democracy ensures that decision-making will be
based on norms and procedures. So, a citizen
has the right and the means to examine the
process of decision-making. This is known as
transparency.
(v) A democratic government is a legitimate
government as it is the people's own government.
Or In actual life, democracies do not appear to be very
successful in reducing economic inequalities. This
can be justified in the following ways:
• The democracy does not guarantee economic
development. In most of the democracies, a small
number of ultra-rich enjoy a highiy disproportionate
share of wealth and income.
120
For example, countries like South Africa and
Brazil, the top 20% people take away more than
60 % of the National income. Unfortunately,
those who are at the bottom of the society have
a very little share (less than 3 %) to depend
upon.
♦ In India, the elected government looks reluctant to
take necessary steps for the upliftment of the
large section of poor in our society.
• In Bangladesh, more than half of its population
lives in poverty. People in several poor countries
are now dependent on the rich countries even
for food supplies.
3 2 . Conservation of mineral resources are essential
due to the following reasons
(i) Minerals are required in many industries. So, it
is important to use them carefully as it is
needed everywhere.
(ii) Minerals are already in limited quantities and
they are non-renewable resources. Their
reserves are fast depleting.
(iii) Lot of economic developmental plans have
been possible due to the presence of certain
minerals. So to continue those developmental
plans and projects, judicious use of minerals is
needed.
Ways of conservation of minerals are
(i) Better and improved technology should be
used to reduce wastage of minerals during
extraction.
(ii) Minerals and metals made out of those minerals
should be recycled wherever possible.
(iii) Scrap metals and substitutes of metals should
be used wherever possible.
Or Nuclear energy is expected to play an important
role in India due to the following reasons
(i) India has limited reserves of coal and
petroleum. Nuclear energy minerals like
Thorium is found in plenty in India. Hence,
nuclear energy can compensate for deficiency
of fossil fuels.
(ii) Nuclear power stations can be established
easily and conveniently in those areas where
other sources are not available.
(iii) Nuclear power releases tremendous amounts
of energy. India can utilise this energy for
peaceful purposes such as generation of
electricity that can be used to run machines in
industries.
(vi) Nuclear energy is a non-conventional source ^
of energy. After the initial expenses, it
becomes very economical.
i S u cceed SOCIAL SCIENCE Class 10
33. Banks plays an important role in the economy of
India in the following ways
(i) Provide Deposits Bank accept the deposits
and also pay an amount as interest on the
deposits. In this way, people’s money is safe
with the banks and it earns an amount as
interest. People also have the provision to
withdraw the money as and when they require.
Since, the deposits in the bank account can be
withdrawn on demand, these deposits are called
demand deposits.
(ii) Provide Loans Bank keep only a small portion
of their deposits as cash with themselves. Banks
use the major position of the deposits to give
loans. There is a huge demand for loans for
various economic activities. Banks make use of
the deposits to meet the loan requirements of
the people,
In this way, banks provide credit to set up
industries and in agriculture. This generates more
employment and raises income thereby bringing
economic development.
Or The Reserve Bank of India supervises the
functioning of formal sources of loans in India
Functions of Reserve Bank of India are as follows
(i) The Reserve Bank of India monitors that the
banks actually maintain the cash balance and
do not give all the deposits as loans.
(ii) The Reserve Bank of India ensures that the
banks given loans not just to profit-making
businesses and rich traders, but also to small
cultivators, small scale industries, small
borrowers, etc.
(iii) Periodically, banks have to submit information to
the Reserve Bank of India on how much they are
lending, to whom, etc.
(iv) The rate of interest charged on loans given by
the banks is decided by the Reserve bank.
(v) In this way, the RBI keeps a check on all the
activities of banks and checks the flow of credit
also.
34. (i) The reason behind Germany, Italy and
Switzerland not being a nation state is that these
countries were divided into Kingdoms, Duchies
and Cantons, whose rulers had their
autonomous territories.
(ii) Yes, there were nation states in Europe till the
mid 18th century. Eastern and Central Europe
were under autocratic monarchies within the
territories of diverse peoples. They did not see
themselves as sharing a collective identity or a
common culture.
i S u cceed Sample Paper 8 121
gH M M I

(iii) The Habsburg Empire ruled over It has a loamy texture and it is rich in humus. It
Austria-Hungry was a patchwork of many has good water retention and water absorbing
different regions and peoples. It included the capacity.
Alpine regions, the Tyrol, Austria and the (iii) Alluvial soil is found in the regions of Indo-Gangetic
Sudetenland as well as Bohemia. Its also plains, Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West
included the provinces of Lombardy and Bengal, Assam as well as in the Northern parts of
Venetia. Gujarat. Uttar Pradesh has the highest deposit of
35. (i) The factors which are kept in mind by the MNC's alluvial soil in India.
for setting up the production in another country 37 .
includes
• Availability of cheap skilled labour
• Proximity to markets
• Favourable government policies
(ii) MNCs are exerting a strong influence on production
at distant locations by setting up partnership with
local companies, for supplies and by competing
with local companies or buying them.
(iii) Globalisaion has been facilitated by several
factors such as
• Rapid improvements in technology across the
globe especially in the developed countries.
• Liberalisation of trade and investment policies
being adopted across the world.
36. (i) Alluvial soil is one of the best soil, requiring the
least water due to its high porosity.
(ii) Alluvial soil is extermely fertile because it is
formed by the sediments transported by rivers
and is a mixture of sand, clay and silt.
SAM PLE
Q U E S T IO N
PAPER 9
Social Science
(Questions-Answers)
Time : 3 hrs Max. Marks : 80

Instructions
1. Q uestion paper comprises five Sections - A, B, C, D and E. There are 37 questions in the question
paper. All questions are compulsory.
2. Section A - From question 1 to 20 are MCQs of 1 m ark each.
3. Section B - Q uestion no. 21 to 24 are Very Short A nswer Type Questions, carrying 2 m arks each.
A nsw er to each question should not exceed 40 words.
4. Section C contains Q. 25 to Q.29 are S hort Answer Type Questions, carrying 3 m arks each. Answer to
each question should not exceed 60 words.
5. Section D - Q uestion no. 30 to 33 are long answ er type questions, carrying 5 m arks each. Answer to
each question should not exceed 120 words.
6. Section-E - Questions no. from 34 to 36 are case based questions w ith th ree sub questions and are of
4 m arks each.
7. Section F - Q uestion no. 37 is m ap based, carrying 5 m arks w ith two p arts, 37a from H istory (2 m arks)
and 37b from G eography (3 marks).
8. There is no overall choice in th e question paper. However, an in tern al choice has been provided in few
questions. Only one of th e choices in such questions have to be attem pted.
9. In addition to this, sep arate instructions are given w ith each section and question, w herever necessary.

Section A : Multiple Choice Questions (l x 20 = 20 Marks)

1. The Young Italy M ovement was 2. W hich of the following option/s is/are
related to w hich of the following co rrect about the female allegory of
aspects? (1) France? (l)
(a) Freedom of Italy from the subjugating (i) She was named Marianne.
rule of O ttom an rulers.
(b) A m ission to educate the Youth of Italy. (ii) She took part in the French Revolution.
(c) A m ission to hold elections in Italy for (iii) She was a symbol of National Unity.
the first tim e.
(d) U nification of Italy since, it was divided (iv) Her characteristic were drawn from those
into various states. of liberty and the Republic.
I Su cceed Sample Paper 9 123

Codes 7. Choose the correctly m atched p air about

(a) Only (i) (b) Only (ii) the soil and th eir areas. (l)
(c) (i), (iii) and (iv) (d) (iii) and (iv) (a) Red Laterite soil - West Bengal
(b) Arid soil- K erala
3. Arrange the following events in a (c) Yellow and Red soil- C hhattisgarh
chronological order (t) (d) Alluvial soil -M adhya Pradesh
(i) Paper reached Europe from China.
(ii) Buddhist missionaries from China 8 . With people being m ade the
introduced hand printing technology decision-m akers by the M adhya Pradesh
into Japan. governm ent, 2.9 million hectares o r about
1 p er cent of In d ia’s land area are being
(iii) Marco Polo brought woodblock printing
greened across the state through w hich of
technology into Europe from China.
the following m ethods? (l)
(iv) Printing done in China by rubbing
(a) Waste m anagem ent
paper against the inked surface of (b) W atershed m anagem ent
wooden blocks. (c) R ainw ater harvesting
Codes (d) None of the above
(a) (iv), (ii), (iii), (i) (b) (iv), (ii), (i), (iii)
(c) (iii), (ii), (iv), (i) (d) (ii), (iii), (i), (iv)
9. In d ia’s territorial w ater extends up to a
distance o f ................. (l)
4. The given im age depicts the ‘Planting of (a) 22.5 N autical miles (b) 12 N autical miles
Tree of L iberty’ painted by Karl Fritz, (l) (c) 19.2 N autical miles (d) 200 N autical miles

10. M atch the following. (l)

List I List I I
A. Brussels has a separate 1. Accepted equal
government representation in
Brussels.
B. Belgian leaders between 2. In a legitimate
1970 and 1993 government.
C. French-speaking people 3. Dutch and French
speaking people
In w hich country is the scene taking have equal
place? Identify from the given options. representation.
(a) Leipzig, G erm any D. Citizens acquire a stake 4. Amended their
(b) Frankfurt, G erm any in the system through Constitution four
(c) Paris, France participation times.
(d) Zw eibriicken, G erm any
Codes
5. Why did the initial enthusiasm of French (a) A-l, B-3, C-4, D-2 (b) A-3, B-4, C -l, D-2
people fade away gradually about the (c) A-4, B-2, C-3, D -l (d) A-2, B -l, C-4, D-3
Civil Code? (l) 11. W hich of the following can be considered
(a) Accepted only by the elite class. a form of sharing of pow ers betw een the
(b) Due to increased taxation and censorship. governm ents? (l)
(c) R estrictions on Freedom .
(d) Both (b) and (c) (i) Division of powers between the Chief
Minister and Governor.
6 . Identify the crop w ith the help of clues (ii) Division of powers between Central and
given below. (l) State legislatures.
• High tem perature is required during the (iii) Power sharing between Union and the
time of growth. States through lists of subjects.
• Grows well on well-drained fertile soils (iv) Power division between Bureaucracy
in the flood plains where soils are and Executive.
renewed Codes
every year. (a) Only (i) (b) Only (ii)
(a) Rubber (b) Cotton (c) Both (ii) and (iv) (d) Both (ii) and (iii)
(c) Jute (d) Coffee
124 i S u cceed SOCIAL SCIENCE Class 10

12. Identify the adm inistrative body of 16. Analyse the table given below and
Indian Federal system w ith the help of answ er the question th at follows. (l)
the following inform ation. (l) The source shows a database of workers
• It is a forum to discuss local governance employed in different sectors (in millions).
and development. Sector Unorganised Organised Total
• All the decisions are taken through this Primary 240 2 242
and no decision is official and valid Secondary 54 9 63
without the consent of this body at the
Tertiary 76 17 93
village level.
Total 370 28 398
Select the ap propriate option from the
Total in % 100%
following.
(a) Block Sam iti (b) G ram Sabha R eena is w orking as an accountant in a
(c) Zila Parishad (d) M unicipality com pany w here she receives poor
w orking conditions especially in term s of
Fill in the blanks. (1) wages w hich is m uch below than in the
Subject List form al sector.
Education p W hat percentage of tertiary sector
Police State List workers in India is employed in
unorganised sector according to the table?
(a) C oncurrent List (b) Union List
(c) State List (a) 71.2% (b) 80%
(d)None of these
(c) 81.7% (d) 91.7%
14. C onsider the following statem ents about
the holding-together federation. (l) 17. If BMI is less than 18.5 then, the person
w ould be considered as w hich of the
(i) A large country divides its power following? (l)
between Constituent States and the (a) Overweight (b) U nder nourished
National Government. (c) U nderw eight (d) M alnourished
(ii) The Central government tends to be
more powerful vis-a-vis the states. 18. Anubha has taken a loan of ? 10 Lakh at
an interest of 5 p er cent, from the bank in
(iii) The Central government and the State
w hich she is w orking. Anubha works in
always seem to have equal powers.
w hich sector of the economy? (l)
(iv) Constituent states have unequal powers.
(a) Prim ary (b) Secondary
Codes (c) Tertiary (d) All of these
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i), (ii) and (iv) (d) Only (iv) 19. W hat is the purpose of publishing the
HDR for the UNDP? (l)
15. There are two statem ents m arked as (a) To tell how to adjust inequalities.
Assertion (A) and Reason (R). M ark your (b) To m easure how developm ent has im proved
answ er as p er the codes given below, (l) hum an life.
Assertion (A) Power is shared am ong (c) To em phasises the im portance of
individuals and th eir ability to unleash their
different social groups in Belgium. m axim um potential.
Reason (R) Com m unity G overnm ent in (d) All of the above
Belgium has the pow er regarding
cultural, educational and language 20 . W hich of the following will be the
related issue. aspiration of a w orking w om an? (l)
Codes (a) To have a safe and secure w ork
environm ent at the office.
(a) Both A and R are tru e and R is the correct (b) To have b etter technologies th at can store
explanation of A. data easily.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the (c) To have good job opportunities w here her
co rrect explanation of A. education can be m ade use of.
(c) A is true, but R is false. (d) To have a fully functioning day care
(d) A is false, but R is true. facilities in the office prem ises.
I Su cceed Sample Paper 9
Section B : Very Short Answer Questions
21 . How has liberalisation of trade and
investm ent policies helped the
globalisation process?
22. Why Lahore session of the Congress of
1929 is considered as the historical
session?
Section C : Short Answer Questions
25. Write a short note on
(i) Automobile Industry
(ii) IT and Electronics Industry
Or How do industries create therm al and
noise pollution? M ention their
consequences.
26. Write a note on Giuseppe Mazzini.
Section-D : Long Answer Questions
30. Som e of the political organisations in
India w ere lukew arm in th eir response
to the ‘Civil D isobedience M ovem ent’.
Exam ine the statem ent.
Or Sketch out a precise narrative of the
genesis of G andhiji’s idea of
non-cooperation w ith the British and
the circum stantial significance of
launching the first Mass M ovement of
India in 1920.
31. “Dynastic succession is one of the m ost
serious challenges before the political
p arties.” Exam ine the statem ent. (5)
Or "Political parties are rightly called the
governm ent in disguise.” Justify the
statem ent in reference to dem ocratic
politics by giving argum ents.
125
(2x4 = 8 Marks)
23. Write a brief account on K andla Sea Port.
(2)
(2) 24. State any two conditions as laid dow n by
the Election Com m ission to recognise a
‘State P arty’ and 'N ational P arty’. (2)
(2) Or State the m erits of tw o-party system.
(3x5 = 15 Marks)
(3) 27. M ention any three aspects of life in w hich
w om en are discrim inated against in our
country. (3)
28. Discuss any two reasons w hich indicates
th a t caste alone cannot determ ine
election results in India. (3)
(3) 29. M ention the role of credit for
developm ent in an economy. (3)
(5 X 4 = 20 Marks)
32. "Planning is the widely accepted
strategy for judicious use of resources in a
country like In d ia”. Justify this
(5) statem ent with two relevant points and
an example. (5)
Or Write four institutional efforts m ade
at global level for 'resource
conservation’.
33. Som etim es the bank m ight not be
willing to lend credit to a borrower.
W hat could be the possible reasons
behind it? (5)
Or Explain w ith an exam ple how the term s
of credit can be unfavourable for the
sm all farmer. Also suggest some
sources by w hich small farm ers can get
cheap credit.
126
Section-E • Case Based Questions
34. Read the given extract and answ er the
following questions.
Money is a fascinating subject and full of
curiosities. The history of m oney and
how various forms w ere used at different
tim es is an interesting story. M odern
form s of m oney are linked to the banking
system. The p resent situation in India,
w here new er forms of m oney are slowly
spreading w ith com puterisation of the
banking system, offers many
opportunities to students to explore on
their own. We need not get into a form al
discussion of the ‘functions of m oney’ but
let it com e up as questions. The stock of
money consists of currency held by the
public and the dem and deposits th at they
hold w ith the banks. This is the money
that people can use as they w ish and the
governm ent has to ensure th a t the system
w orks smoothly. W hat w ould happen
w hen the governm ent declares th a t some
of the currency notes used by people
w ould be m ade invalid and w ould be
replaced by new currency? In India,
during N ovem ber 2016, currency notes
in the denom ination of ? 500 and ? 1,000
w ere declared invalid. People w ere asked
to su rren d er these notes to the bank by a
specific period and receive new ? 500,
? 2,000 or other currency notes. This is
know n as ‘dem onetisation’.
Since then, people w ere also encouraged
to use their bank deposits ra th e r than
cash for transactions. H ence, digital
transactions started by using
bank-to-bank tran sfer through the
internet o r mobile phones, cheques, ATM
cards, credit cards and Point of Sale
(POS) swipe m achines at shops. This is
prom oted to reduce the requirem ent of
cash for transactions and also control
corruption.
(i) What can be counted as a modern form
of money? (1)
(ii) Which factor according to the given
case primarily facilitates the expansion
of newer currency? fl)
(iii) State the possible benefits from
demonetisation. (2)
1 S u cceed SOCIAL SCIENCE Class 10
( 4 x 3 = 1 2 Marks)
35. Read the given extract and answ er the
following questions.
The Chem ical industry in India is fast
grow ing and diversifying. It contributes
approxim ately 3 p er cent of the GDP. It is
the third largest in Asia and occupies the
tw elfth place in the w orld in term of its
size. It com prises both large and small
scale m anufacturing units.
Rapid grow th has been recorded in both
inorganic and organic sectors. Inorganic
chem icals include sulphuric acid (used to
m anufacture fertilisers, synthetic fibres,
plastics, adhesives, paints, dyes stuffs),
nitric acid, alkalis, soda ash (used to
m ake glass, soaps and detergents, paper)
and caustic soda. These industries are
widely spread over the country.
O rganic chem icals include
petrochem icals, w hich are used for
m anufacturing of synthetic fibers,
synthetic rubber, plastics, dye-stuffs,
drugs and pharm aceuticals. Organic
chem ical plants are located n ear oil
refineries o r petrochem ical plants. The
chem ical industry is its own largest
consum er. Basic chem icals undergo
processing to further produce other
chem icals th a t are used for industrial
application, agriculture o r directly for
consum er m arkets.
(i) State one difference between organic
and inorganic chemicals. (1)
(ii) Where organic chemical plants are
generally located? (1)
(iii) State the features of chemical
industries. (2)
36. Read the source given below and answ er
the questions th at follow.
‘To the altar of this revolution we have
brought our youth as incense'. Many
nationalists thought th at the struggle
against the B ritish could not be won
through non-violence.
In 1928, the H industan Socialist
Republican Army (HSRA) was founded
at a m eeting in Feroz Shah Kotla ground
in Delhi.
iS u c c e e d Sample Paper 9 127

Amongst its leaders w ere B hagat Singh,
Jatin Das and Ajoy Ghosh. In a series of
dram atic actions in different parts of
India, the HSRA targeted some of the
symbols of British power. In April 1929,
B hagat Singh and B atukeshw ar Dutt
threw a bom b in the Legislative
Assembly. In the sam e year, there w as an
attem pt to blow up the train th at Lord
Irw in was travelling in. B hagat Singh
was 23 w hen he was tried and executed
by the colonial governm ent. D uring his
trial, B hagat Singh stated that he did
not wish to glorify the cult of the bom b
and pistol but w anted a revolution in
society: ‘Revolution is the inalienable
right of m an k in d .’ Freedom is the
im prescriptible birth rig h t of all. The
labourer is the real sustainer of society. To
the altar of this revolution we have
brought our youth as incense, for no
sacrifice is too great for so m agnificent a
cause. We are content. We aw ait the
advent of revolution. Inquilab Zindabad!
(i) When was HSRA founded? (1)
(ii) Why was Bhagat Singh put on trial? (1)
(iii) What were the reasons behind
formation of HSRA? (2)

Section-F : M ap Skill Based Questions (2 + 3 = 5 Marks)

37. (a) Two places A and B are m arked on the

given outline m ap of India. Identify
them and w rite th eir co rrect nam es on
the lines draw n n ear them . (2)
A. The location of the Indian National
Congress Session of 1927.
B. A place where Gandhiji ceremonially
violated the Salt Law and
manufactured salt by boiling salt sea
water.
(b) On the sam e outline m ap of India, locate
and label any three of the following with
suitable symbols. (3)
(i) A major port on the South-East coast
of India.
(ii) A major sugarcane producing state.
(iii) A Software Technology Park
(iv) A major dam in Odisha.
128 i S u cceed SOCIAL SCIENCE Class 10

Answers
1. (d) Unification of Italy since, it was divided into stretching across the states of Jammu and
various states. Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana,
2. (c) (i), (iii) and (iv) Rajasthan and Gujarat.

3. (b) (iv), (ii), (i), (iii) 2 4 . The conditions laid down by the Election
Commission to recognise a ‘State Party' and
4. (id) Zweibrucken, Germany
'National Party' are
5. (d) Both (b) and (c)
(i) In a state party, the party members aim to
6. (c) Jute highlight the regional interests. On the other
7. (c) Yellow and Red soil- Chhattisgarh hand, a national party gives due importance to
8. (b) Watershed management national interests.

9. (b) 12 Nautical miles (ii) A state party can contest in elections only in a
particular state, whereas a national party can
10. (b ) A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
contest in elections all across the country.
11. (d ) Both (ii) and (iii)
Or Merits of two-party system are
12. (b) Gram Sabha
• In this system, electorate has a very clear choice
73. (a) Concurrent List before him/her.
74. (c) (i), (ii) and (iv) « This system promotes political stability in the
75. (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct country.
explanation of A. 25. (i) Automobile Industry This industry provides
76. (c)81.7% quick transportation vehicles for goods and
77. (b) Under nourished passengers. In India, there are centers for
manufacture of trucks, buses, cars, motor
7S. (c) Tertiary
cycles, scooters, three-wheelers and
79. (b) To measure how development has improved multi-utility vehicles. The industry is located
human life. around Gurugram, Mumbai, Pune, Chennai,
20. (a) To have a safe and secure work environment Kolkata, Lucknow, Indore, Hyderabad,
at the office. Jamshedpur, Delhi and Bengaluru.

27. Liberalisation of trade and investment policies has
helped in Globalisation in the following ways
* This has helped in the import and export of
goods. This means that goods can be exported
and imported easily and also foreign companies
could set up factories and offices here.
(ii) Information Technology (IT) and Electronics
Industry It covers products from transistor sets
to televisions, telephones, cellphones,
telephone exchanges, radars, computers and
other equipment required by the
telecommunication and computer industry.

• Larger foreign investment and larger foreign trade
have led to greater integration of production and
markets across countries.
2 2 The Lahore session of the Congress of 1929 is
•" considered as the historical session because it was
in this session that the resolution for Poorna Swaraj
or complete independence was taken up. The
Congress President hoisted the flag of Complete
Freedom on the bank of the Ravi on the midnight
of 31st December, 1929, in front of huge crowds.
23. Kandla in Kachchh was the first port developed
soon after Independence to ease the volume of
trade on the Mumbai port. Kandla also known as
the Deendayal Port is a Tidal port. It caters to the
convenient handling of exports and imports of **
highly productive granary and industrial belt
Bengaluru has emerged as the electronic
capital of India. Other important centres for
electronic goods are Noida, Mumbai, Chennai,
Hyderabad, Pune, Delhi, Kolkata, Lucknow and
Coimbatore.
Or Industries create thermal and noise pollution in the
following ways:
• Thermal pollution of water bodies occurs when
hot water from factories and thermal power plants
is released into them before cooling. The
consequence of thermal pollution are that aquatic
life in the water bodies can be killed. This
includes plants as well as fish.
• Noise pollution is generated by the unbearable
noise from industrial and construction activities,
machinery, generators, pneumatic and electric
tools.
iS u c c e e d Sample Paper 9
The consequences of noise pollution create
irritation, anger, stress, hearing impairment,
increased heart rate and blood pressure among
other physiological effects.
26. Giuseppe Mazzini was an Italian. He was born in
Genoa in Italy. He became a member of the
secret society of the Carbonari.
At the age of 24, he was sent into exile for
attempting a revolution in Liguria. He
subsequently established two more underground
societies. Youthful Italy in Marseilles and Youthful
Europe in Berne whose members were like
minded young men from Poland, France, Italy
and the German States.
Mazzini accepted that God had intended nations
to be the natural units of mankind.
27. Three aspects of life in which women are
discriminated against in our country are
Education The literacy rate among women is only
54 per cent compared with 76 per cent among
men. When it comes to higher education, a
smaller proportion of girls, in comparison to the
boys, are allowed to go for higher studies. This is
because parents prefer to spend their resources
on their sons’ education.
Sex-ratio In many parts of India, parents find
ways to abort the girl child in a will to have a son.
This has led to a decline in child sex ratio
(number of girl children per thousand boys) in the
country to merely 919.
High-paid Jobs The proportion of women
working in highly paid and valued jobs is still
smaller than men.
28. The two reasons that say that caste alone cannot
determine election results in India are
(i) No parliamentary constituency in India has a
clear majority of one single caste. So, parties
need to win the confidence of more than one
caste and community to win elections.
(ii) No party wins the votes of all the voters
belonging to one particular caste or
community. Voters have become wiser and
they only vote for those candidates or parties
which are expected to work towards the
development of their constituency.
29. Credit is one of the major aspects that determine
a country's development. There is a huge
demand for loans for various economic activities.
Cheap and affordable loans give people an
opportunity to develop their business. Credit
plays a very crucial role in agricultural activities.
129
. . toman
People can borrow money and use it to adopt
modern farming methods to increase the crop
production and grow crops which are more reliable
than the traditional methods. By sanctioning loans
to developing industries and trade, banks provide
them with the necessary aid for improvement. This
leads to increased production, employment and
profits that ultimately help in the development of the
country.
30. It’s an apt statement that some of the political
organisations in India were lukewarm in their
response to the ‘Civil Disobedience Movement’. For
example,
• Some of the Congress leaders were not willing to
continue the non-cooperation because they were
tired of the mass struggle, wanted to participate in
the council elections and criticise the British
policies within the council. The Swaraj party was
formed within the Congress party by CR Das and
Motilal Nehru. It was formed with the purpose to
argue for return to council elections.
• The Muslims and their political organisations were
also not taking much interest in the Civil
Disobedience Movement due to the decline of the
Non-Cooperation Khilafat Movement. They felt
alienated from Congress. They felt that Congress
is linked with the Hindu Mahasabha and their
propagandas are Hindu oriented.
Or The precise narrative of the genesis of Gandhi's
idea of non-cooperation with the British and the
circumstantial significance of launching the first
Mass Movement in 1920 is given in ‘Hind Swaraj’
1909. In this book, he declared that British rule was
established in India with the cooperation of Indians.
If Indians refused to cooperate, British rule in India
would collapse within a year and Swaraj would
come. Mahatma Gandhi proposed the following
strategy for the implementation of the
Non-Cooperation as a Movement
* The movement would begin with a surrender o f'
titles, honours and honorary posts by people.
• The movement would boycott Civil Services, Army,
Police, British Courts and Legislative Assemblies,
School and Colleges and British goods.
* The British goods would be replaced by domestic
goods or Swadeshi to promote the native cottage
industries.
* In case of government suppression, the Civil
Disobedience Movement would be launched. The
Non-Cooperation Movement was adopted by the
Congress during the Nagpur Conference in
December 1920 and it began under the leadership
of Mahatma Gandhi.
130
31. Dynastic succession is defined as a desire of few to
concentrate political powers in their own hands. It is
one of the most serious challenges before the
political parties because
• Most political parties do not practice open and
transparent procedures for their functioning.
• There are few ways for an ordinary worker to rise
to the top in a party.
• In many parties, the top positions are always
controlled by members of one family. This practice
is unfair to other members of that party and is also
bad for a democracy.
• People who do not have adequate experience or
popular support come to occupy positions of
power.
Or “ Political parties are rightly called the government in
disguise” due to the following reasons
• In most democracies, elections are fought mainly
among the candidates put up by political parties.
• Parties put forward different policies and
programmes and the voters choose from them.
33. The banks might not be willing to lend certain
• Parties play a decisive role in making laws for a
country. They shape public opinions to raise and
highlight issues.
• Parties form and run governments.
• Opposition role is important in democracy as it
voices different views and criticises the
government for its failures or wrong policies.
• Parties provide people access to government
machinery and welfare schemes implemented by
governments.
32. Planning is the widely accepted strategy for
judicious use of resources in a country like India.
India has enormous diversity in the availability of
resources. Through planning, regions which have
shortage of vital resources and those having
adequate quantities, receive equal attention.
There are regions which are rich in certain types of
resources but are deficient in some other
resources. For example: Arunachal has an
abundance of water but lacks infrastructural
development.
There are some regions which can be considered
self-sufficient in terms of availability of resources.
For example: The states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh
and Madhya Pradesh are rich in minerals and coal
deposits.
34.
There are some regions which have acute shortage
of some vital resources. For example: The state of
Rajasthan is well endowed with solar and wind ^
energy but lacks in water resources.
Or Four institutional efforts made at global level for
‘resource conservation’ are-
* At the international level, the Club of Rome
advocated resource conservation for the first
time in a more systematic way in 1968.
* In 1974, the Gandhian Philosophy was
presented once again by Schumacher in his
book "Small is Beautiful".
• Brundtland Commission Report in 1987,
introduced the concept of “sustainable
development” and advocated it as a means for
resource conservation. This was subsequently
published in a book entitled “Our Common
Future” .
* In June 1992, the first 'International Earth
Summit’ was held in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, in
which 100 heads of States met for addressing
urgent problems of environmental protection
and socio-economic development at the global
level.
borrowers due to the following reasons
• A few people fail to provide the required set of
documents to get a loan.
• There are some people who have not repaid
previous loans. Such borrowers are come in the
defaulters list. Banks might not be willing to lend
them further.
* The banks might not be willing to lend
entrepreneurs who are going to invest in the
business with high risks.
• The banks might not be willing to lend those
people who earn irregular incomes or have no
fixed salary because in such cases chances of
repayment of the loan are very less.
Or The terms of credit can be unfavorable for the
small farmer for example, if a farmer borrows
money from the bank and during the harvest
season his crops are ruined, then he shall not be
able to repay the loan to the bank. Fie might have
to sell a part of his land to repay the amount. In
such condition he will further fall into the debt
trap.
The small farmers can get cheap credit from the
different sources like banks, agricultural
cooperatives and Self-Help Groups (SHGs).
(i) Paper currency and coins made up of alloys,
ATM cards and cheques can be counted as a
modern form of money.
(ii) Computerisation of banking systems primarily
facilitates the expansion of newer currency.
I S u cceed Sample Paper 9 131

(iii) The possible benefits from demonetisation include bomb in the Legislative Assembly in an attempt to
(a) Reducing Counterfeit Currency This allows kill Lord Irwin.
the government to weed out counterfeit (iii) The suspension of the Non-Cooperation
currency from the market. Movement after Chauri Chaura irritated some
(b) Curbs Anti-social Activities Through the nationalists who believed that the suspension was
medium of cash many anti-social activities are unjustified. This resulted in the emergence of
discouraged. revolutionary movements who wanted to
overthrow British rule and as a result, HSRA then
35. (i) Organic chemicals includes petrochemicals that are
came into existence.
used for manufacturing of synthetic fibers, synthetic
rubber, plastics, dyes stuffs, drugs and
pharmaceuticals. On the other hand, inorganic
chemicals includes sulphuric acid, nitric acid,
alkalis, soda ash and caustic soda. They are used
to manufacture fertilisers, synthetic fibres, plastics,
adhesives, paints, dyes, stuff, etc.
(ii) Organic chemical plants are generally located near
oil refineries or petrochemical plants.
(iii) The features of chemical industries are
* It is a major source of employment to large
number of people due to its diverse and fast
growing nature.
* It comprises of both large and small scale
manufacturing units.
36. (i) Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA) was
established in 1928 at Feroz Shah Kotla in New
Delhi by Chandra Shekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh,
Sukhdev Thapar and others.
(ii) Bhagat Singh was put on trial because in April
1929, along with Batukeshwar Dutta he threw a
SAM PLE
Q U E S T IO N
PAPER 10
Social Science
(Questions-Answers)
Time : 3 hrs Max. Marks : 80

Instructions
1. Q uestion paper comprises five Sections - A, B, C, D and E. There are 37 questions in the question
paper. All questions are compulsory.
2. Section A - From question 1 to 20 are MCQs of 1 m ark each.
3. Section B - Q uestion no. 21 to 24 are Very Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 2 m arks each.
A nsw er to each question should not exceed 40 words.
4. Section C contains Q. 25 to Q.29 are Short A nswer Type Questions, carrying 3 m arks each. Answer to
each question should not exceed 60 words.
5. Section D - Q uestion no. 30 to 33 are long answ er type questions, carrying 5 m arks each. Answer to
each question should not exceed 120 words.
6. Section-E - Questions no. from 34 to 36 are case based questions with three sub questions and are of
4 m arks each.
7. Section F - Q uestion no. 37 is map based, carrying 5 m arks w ith two parts, 37a from H istory (2 m arks)
and 37b from G eography (3 marks).
8. There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an in tern al choice has been provided in few
questions. Only one of th e choices in such questions have to be attem pted.
9. In addition to this, sep arate instructions are given w ith each section and question, w herever necessary.

Section A : Multiple Choice Questions 0 x 20 = 20 Marks)

1. W hich of the following incidents 2. Who was proclaim ed as the ru ler of

m obilised nationalist feelings am ong the United Italy in 1861? Identify from the
educated elite class across Europe? (l) given options. (l)
(a) G erm an U nification (a) King W ilhelm IV
(b) G reek War of Independence (b) K aiser W illiam I
(c) U nification of Italy (c) Victor Em m anuel II
(d) U nification of B ritain (d) Cavour
 133

3. There are two statem ents m arked as Codes

Assertion (A) and Reason (R). M ark your (a) I, IV, II,III (b) I, II, III, IV
answ er as p er the codes given below, (l) (c) III, IV, I, II (d) I, III, II, IV

Assertion (A) Serfdom and bonded
labour w ere abolished in H absburg
dom inion and Russia.
Reason (R) M onarchs had realised that
revolution could be resisted only by
granting concessions to the liberal
nationalist rebels.
Codes
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the
correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
4. In the given image, the courier of
Rhineland loses all th at he has on his
way hom e from Leipzig. Study the
picture and answ er the question that
follows.
6. Identify the m ajor pro d u cer state of
ru b b er from the given options. (l)
(a) K erala (b) M aharashtra
(c) Assam (d) Jam m u and K ashm ir
7. W hat percentage of land in India consists
of fertile plains? (l)
(a) 38% (b) 43%
(c) 46% (d) 61%
8 . W hich am ong the following statem ents
is/are co rrect about plantations? (l)
(i) The plantations have a large area and
they are usually found in areas of low
population density of population.
(ii) It is capital intensive.
(iii) The plantation farming has been an
agricultural practice primarily in
(1) tropical and sub-tropical regions.
Select the co rrect codes from the options
given below.
(a) Only (i) (b) Only (ii)
(c) Both (ii) and (iii) (d) All of these

9. In com m ercial farm ing, a single crop is

grow n on a large area. Identify w hich
state the given crops belong to? (l)
List I List II
A. Sugarcane 1. Assam
B. Coffee 2. Uttar Pradesh
C. Tea 3. Kerala
D. Rubber 4. Karnataka

Codes
(a) A -l, B-3, C-4, D-2 (b) A-2, B-4, C -l, D-3
Who is represented as a postm an? (c) A-3, B -l, C-2, D-4 (d) A-4, B-2, C-3, D-l
Identify from the given options. 10. Identify the region/area of India w ith the
(a) N apoleon B onaparte help of the following inform ation. (l)
(b) G iuseppe G aribaldi
(c) Otto von B ism arck • The Central Government has special
(d) G iuseppe Mazzini powers in running these areas.
• These areas are too small to become an
5. Arrange the following events in a independent state.
chronological order. (1)
I. Existence of silk route Select the ap p ro p riate option from the
following.
II. Potato famine in Ireland
(a) Towns (b) Union Territories
III. Rinderpest arrival in Africa (c) D istrict (d) City
IV. The First World War
134 i S u cceed SOCIAL SCIENCE Class 10

11. Identify the co rrect statem ents/s Why Sri Lanka has a better rank than India
regarding the age of revolutions. (l) in Human Development Report for 2018?
(i) Growth of revolutionary nationalism in Choose the correct option from the following.
Europe sparked off a struggle for (a) The p er capita incom e of Sri Lanka is
independence amongst the Greeks higher than in India.
(b) Sri Lanka has low population as com pared
which began in 1821.
to India.
(ii) Nationalists in Greece got support from (c) The literacy ratio i.e. enrollm ent ratio in all
other Greeks living in exile and also levels of schools in Sri Lanka is
from many West Europeans. com paratively b etter th an India.
(d) Both (a) and (c)
(iii) Poets and artists mobilised public
opinion to support its struggle against a 16. Read the given data and calculate the
Muslim Empire. average incom e of the family. (l)
(iv) The Treaty of Constantinople of 1830 Member Member Member Member
recognised Greece as an independent 1 2 3 4
nation. Income 7000 8000 10000 15000
(in?)
Codes
(a) 8000 (b) 9000 (c) 10000 (d) 12000
(a) Only (i) (b) Both (i) and (ii)
(c) (i), (ii) and (iii) (d) Only (iv) (a) 8000
(b) 9000
12. Choose the incorrectly m atched pair.
(c) 10000
List I List II (d) 12000
(a) All India Trinamool 1. 1998
Congress Party 17. W hich of the following term is defined as
(b) Bahujan Samajwadi Party 2. 1984
the average expected length of life of a
person at the time of the birth? (l)
(c) Nationalist Congress Party 3. 1999 (a) B irth rate
(d) Communist Party of India 4. 1929 (b) Life expectancy
(c) Life span
Fill in the blanks. (1) (d) M ortality rate

Subject List 18. W hich am ong the following activities can

Defence Union List be included in the Prim ary sector? (l)
(a) Giving loans to the farmer.
Prison ..............
(b) Providing storage facility for the grains.
(a) Union List (b) State List (c) Cultivating sugarcane.
(c) C oncurrent List (d) None of these (d) M aking sugar from sugarcane.

14. A ustralia is an exam ple of w hich type of 19. U nder w hich econom ic sector does the
federation? (1) production of a com m unity through the
(a) H olding-together (b) C om ing-together
n atural process come? (l)
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these (a) Public sector
(b) Prim ary sector
15. According to the H um an D evelopm ent (c) Secondary sector
R eport of UNDP, 2018, the HDI ranking (d) Tertiary sector
of countries are m entioned below. (1)
20. Identify the term w hich is used for the
Column I Column I average incom e of a person. (l)
Sri Lanka 78 (a) Total Incom e
India 120 (b) Per C apita Incom e
Pakistan 150 (c) Gross Incom e
Nepal (d) N ational Incom e
149
I S u cceed Sample Paper 10 135

Section-B : Very Short Answer Questions (2x4 = 8 Marks)

21 . Com m ent on the Gandhiji's idea of w eaker sections and m inorities. M ention
S atyagraha with an exam ple of any any two features of th at party. (2)
regional m ovem ents organised by him.(2)
State any two negative effects of
22. Write a precise note on airways in India. globalisation. (2)
( 2)
State any two positive effects of
23. N am e the national political party w hich globalisation.
espouses secularism and welfare of

Section-C : short Answer Questions (3 x 5 = 15 Marks)

25. Enlist few facilities available in SEZ that 27. Briefly explain how caste inequalities are
are developed by C entral and State still prevailing in India. (3)
governm ents to attract foreign
investm ent. (3) 28. Give a brief description of the forest cover
in India. (3)
Or How is stability in jobs for the w orkers
affected due to globalisation? 29. N ame the national political party w hich
26. M ention the m ain contents of Indian gets inspiration from In d ia’s ancient
N ational Congress in D ecem ber 1929 culture and values. M ention four features
held under the leadership of Jaw aharlal of th at party. (3)
Nehru. (3)

Section-D : Long Answer Questions (5 x 4 = 20 Marks)

30. Write a precise note on the following. (5)
(i) Peasant Movement in Awadh
(ii) Tribal Movements in Gudem hills region
Or (i) Highlight the role of poor peasantry in
the Civil Disobedience Movement.
(ii) Comment on the role of merchants
and industrialists in the Civil
Disobedience Movement.
31. How can the form al sector loans be
m ade beneficial for poor farm ers and
w orkers? Suggest any five m easures. (5)
Or Answer the following.
(i) Why do lenders ask for collateral
while lending? Mention any four items
that can be kept as collateral against
the loan.
(ii) How the terms of credit becomes
difficult for the small and marginal
farmers?
32. How is dem ocracy a better form of
governm ent in com parison w ith other
forms of governm ents? Explain. (5)
Or
Dem ocracy is not considered very
successful in reducing inequalities.
Explain the statem ent in brief.
33. Roadways still have an edge over railways
in In d ia”. Give reasons. (5)
Or
Write a note on the im provem ents m ade
by the Indian Railways.
136
Section-E : Case Based Questions
34. Read the given extract and answ er the
following questions.
Ever since hum ans appeared on the
earth, they have used different m eans of
com m unication. But, the pace of change
has been rapid in m odern times. Long
distance com m unication is far easier
w ithout physical m ovem ent of the
com m unicator or receiver. Personal
com m unication and mass
com m unication including television,
radio, press, films, etc are the m ajor
m eans of com m unication in the country.
The Indian postal netw ork is the largest
in the world. It handles parcels as well as
personal w ritten com m unications. Cards
and envelopes are considered first,
class mail and are airlifted between
stations covering both land and air. The
second, class mail includes book packets,
registered new spapers and periodicals.
They are carried by surface mail,
covering land and w ater transport. To
facilitate quick delivery of mail in large
tow ns and cities, six mail channels have
been introduced recently. They are called
Rajdhani Channel, M etro Channel,
G reen Channel, Business Channel, Bulk
Mail Channel and Periodical Channel.
(i) Examine the role of the Indian postal
network. (l)
(ii) Differentiate between mass
communication and personal
communication. (l)
(iii) Analyse the significance of
communication for a nation. (2)
35. Read the source given below and answ er
the question th a t follow.
A nother im portant feature of the Civil
Disobedience M ovement was the
large-scale participation of women.
D uring G andhi’s Salt March, thousands
of w om en cam e out of th eir hom es to
listen to him. They p articip ated in
protest-m arches, m anufactured salt and
picketed foreign cloth and liquor shops.
Many w ent to jail. In u rban areas, these
w om en w ere from high caste families. In
i S u cceed SOCIAL SCIENCE Class 10
( 4 x 3 = 12 Marks)
ru ral areas, they cam e from rich peasant
households. Moved by G andhiji's call,
they began to see service to the nation as
a sacred duty of women. G andhiji was
convinced th at it was the duty of w om en
to look after hom e and hearth, be good
m others and good wives. And for a long
time, the Congress was relu ctan t to allow
w om en to hold any position of authority
w ithin the organisation. It was keen only
on th eir symbolic presence.
(i) When did Gandhiji initiate a movement
in Champaran in Bihar against the
oppressive indigo plantation system? (l)
(ii) What was the reason behind launching
the Civil Disobedience Movement? (1)
(iii) State any two impacts of the Civil
Disobedience Movement. (2)
36. Read the given extract and answ er the
following questions.
Over the forty years betw een 1973-74
and 2013-14, while production in all the
three sectors has increased, it has
increased the most in the tertiary sector.
As a result, in the year 2013-14, the
tertiary sector has em erged as the largest
producing sector in India replacing the
prim ary sector. Why is the tertiary sector
becom ing so im portant in India? There
could be several reasons. First, in any
country several services such as
hospitals, educational institutions, post
and telegraph services, police stations,
courts, village adm inistrative offices,
m unicipal corporations, defence
transport, banks, insurance com panies,
etc, are required. These can be
considered as basic services. In a
developing country the governm ent has
to take responsibility for the provision of
these services.
Second, the developm ent of agriculture
and industry leads to the developm ent of
services such as transport, trade, storage
and the like, as we have already seen.
G reater the developm ent of the prim ary
and secondary sectors, m ore w ould be
the dem and for such services.
 137

Third as incom e levels rise, certain e s s e n tia l. T h e p r o d u c t i o n of th e s e s e rv ic e s

sections of people start dem anding
m any m ore services like eating out.
tourism , shopping, private hospitals,
private schools, professional training
etc. You can see this change quite
sharply in cities, especially in big cities.
Fourth, over the past decade or so
certain new services such as those based
on inform ation and com m unication
technology have becom e im portant and
h a s b e e n r is in g ra p id ly .
(i) W h at d o y o u u n d e r s ta n d a b o u t th e
p r im a r y s e c to r o f a n e c o n o m y ? (l)
(ii) W h a t is th e re a s o n b e h in d sh ift in
th e la b o u r fo rc e fro m p r im a r y
s e c to r to s e c o n d a ry a n d te r tia r y
s e c to rs ? (2)
(iii) B riefly d e fin e th e d iffe re n c e s b e tw e e n
p r im a r y a n d te r tia r y se c to r. (l)

Section-F : M ap Skill Based Questions (2 + 3 = 5 Marks)

37. (a) Two p la c e s A a n d B a r e m a rk e d o n th e g iv e n o u tlin e m a p o f In d ia . Id e n tify th e m a n d w rite

th e ir c o r r e c t n a m e s o n th e lin e s d r a w n n e a r th e m . (2)
A. The p lace a sso c ia te d w ith th e co tto n M ill’s w o rk e r’s S a ty a g ra h a
B. The p la c e w h e re a n in c id e n t o c c u rre d d u e to w h ic h M a h a tm a G an d h i called off the
N o n -C o o p e ra tio n M ovem ent.
(b) O n th e s a m e o u tlin e m a p o f In d ia , lo c a te a n d la b e l a n y th re e o f th e fo llo w in g w ith s u ita b le
sy m b o ls. (3)
(i) A d a m in R aja sth a n
(ii) N a m ru p N u c le a r P o w er P la n t
(iii) A S o ftw are T echnology P ark in U tta r P ra d esh
(iv) A S e a p o rt in W est B engal
138

Answers
1. (b) Greek War of Independence The features of this party are listed below
2 . (c) Victor Emmanuel II • It was founded in 1885.

3. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A
4. (a) Napoleon Bonaparte
5. (b) I, II, III, IV
6 . (a) Kerala
7. (b) 43%
8 . (d) All of these
9. {b) A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
10. (b) Union Territories
11 . (c) (i), (ii) and (iii)
12 . (d )
13. (,b) State List
14. (b) Coming-together
15. (d) Both (a) and (c)
16. (c) 10000
17. (b) Life expectancy
18. (c) Cultivating sugarcane.
19. (b) Primary sector
20 . (b) Per Capita Income
21 . Gandhiji's method of movement and protest based
on truth and non-violence was known as
Satyagraha. The idea of Satyagraha emphasised
on the power of the truth. As per Gandhiji without
being aggressive a Satyagrahi could win the battle
through non-violence. One such example of his
Satyagraha Movement was witnessed in 1918 when
he went to Ahmedabad to resolve the issue of
cotton mill workers.
2 2 . Airways is the fastest, most comfortable and
prestigious mode of transport. It can cover very
difficult terrains like high mountains, vast deserts,
dense forests and long oceanic stretches with great
ease. Air transport was nationalised in 1953. Air
India provides domestic and international air
services. Pawanhans Helicopters Limited provides
helicopter services to inaccessible areas of India
like North-Eastern region, Jammu and Kashmir,
Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand.
23. The national political party which espouses
secularism and welfare of weaker sections and
minorities is the Indian National Congress.
• It dominated Indian politics, both at the national
and state levels, for several decades after India's
independence.
Following are the negative effects of Globalisation
(i) Thousands of uneducated and unskilled
labourers have become jobless due to closure
of domestic units.
(ii) Most of the small industries like toys, plastics,
dairy products are affected due to foreign
competition. This results in their closure
thereby reducing production.
The positive impacts of Globalisation are
(i) This process is based on the basic premise of
free market. It is presumed that the free
market begets competition and increase
efficiency which is lacking in controlled
markets.
(ii) Foreign investment flows into the domestic
economy and domestic economy becomes
strong and prosperous.
2 5 . SEZs are industrial zones set up by the
government to promote the establishment of
MNCs. The facilities available in SEZ are
• SEZ are provided with world class facilities i.e.
electricity, water, roads, transport, storage,
recreational and educational facilities.
♦ Companies operating in SEZ do not have to pay
taxes for five years.
* Government has allowed flexibility in the labour
laws to attract MNCs.
Or The stability in jobs for the workers affected due to
globalisation in the following ways
* There is no permanent employment, but workers
are employed only when needed, i.e. they are
'flexible workers'. In the slack season, they are
out of work with no compensation.
• Due to globalisation, the MNC’s main objective is
to lower costs. To do this, they provide
temporary employment only and are given lower
wages or they may have to work on a per day
basis.
* Workers may have to work for longer hours and
be laid off from work without any compensation
during the slack season.

2 6 . The main contents of Indian National Congress in
December 1929 held under the leadership of
Jawaharlal Nehru were
• The Lahore Session of the Congress in 1929 is
called the historical session as at this session,
the Congress President Jawaharlal Nehru
passed a resolution declaring ‘Poorna Swaraj’ in
December 1929.
• In 1929, Viceroy Lord Irwin announced an
uncertain offer of ‘Dominion status’ to India and
a Round Table Conference to discuss a future
Constitution. The expectations of the Congress
were not met by this announcement.
• At that time liberals and moderates in Congress
lost their influence and radicals like Jawaharlal
Nehru and Subhash Chandra Bose became
more assertive in Congress. After declaring
‘Poorna Swaraj’ or complete independence, the
Congress declared 26th January, 1930 as the
Independence Day.
2 7. Caste has not disappeared from contemporary
India. This can be clear by looking at the following
facts
• According to the National Sample Survey Office
(NSSO), the average economic status of caste
groups in India still remains the same as was in
the past. Most of the rich section belongs to
higher castes, while people of lower castes are
generally poor.
• Despite the Constitutional prohibition, many
people are still considered as untouchables in
the country.
• Even now most people marry within their own
caste or tribe. Political parties often field their
candidates in constituency according to the
caste prevailing in that constituency. People also
tend to vote on the caste'lines.
28. As per India State of Report 2021, India's forest
cover is now 7,13,789 square kilometers (21.71%
of the country’s geographical area) which is an
increase from 67% in 2019. Tree cover has
increased by 721 sq km. The states that have
shown the highest increase in forest cover are
Telangana (3.07%), Andhra Pradesh (2.22%), and
Odisha (1.04). Five States in the North-East have
shown a loss in forest cover which are Arunachal
Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram and
Nagaland. Area-wise, Madhya Pradesh has the
largest forest cover in the country follwed by
Arunachal Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha And
Maharashtra.
139
2 9 . Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) founded in 1980 draws
inspiration from India’s ancient culture and values.
Features of Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) are
• Cultural Nationalism (Hindutva) is an important
element in its conception of Indian nationhood and
politics.
* They focused on full territorial and political
integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India.
• They want a uniform civil code for all people living
in the country irrespective of religion and ban on
religious conversions.
* BJP was earlier limited to North and West and to
urban areas, the party expanded support in the
South-East, the North-East and rural areas.
30. (i) In Awadh, the Peasant Movement developed
under the leadership of Baba Ramchandra (a
Sanyasi who had earlier been a Fiji as an
indentured labourer). This Peasant Movement
demanded reduction of revenue, abolition of
beggar and social boycott of oppressive
landlords. In many places, nai-dhobi bandhs
were organised by Panchayats to deny services
to all landlords.
In October, 1920 the Oudh Kisan Sabha was
set-up. It was headed by Jawaharlal Nehru,
Baba Ramchandra and a few others. Within a
month, over 300 branches of this sabha had
been set up in the villages around the region.
As the peasant movement spread, the houses
of taluqdars (Indian land holders) and
merchants were attacked, bazaars were looted
and grain hoards were taken over.
(ii) In the Gudem hills of Andhra Pradesh, for
instance, militant Guerrilla Movements spread in
the early 1920’s. It was not a form of struggle
that the Congress could approve. During that
time, in the forest regions, the colonial
government had closed large forest areas,
preventing people from entering the forests to
graze their cattle or to collect fuel wood and
fruits. This enraged the hill people.
This affected their livelihoods as well as they felt
that their traditional rights were being denied to
them. When the government began forcing
them to contribute beggar for road building, the
hill people revolted. The person who came to
lead them was Alluri Sitaram Raju. He was
inspired by the Non-Cooperation Movement and
persuaded people to wear khadi and give up
drinking.
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On the other hand, he asserted that India
could be liberated only by the use of force, not
non-violence. The Gudem rebels attacked
police stations, attempted to kill British officials
and carried on Guerrilla warfare for achieving
Swaraj.
Or (i) The role of poor peasantry in the Civil
Disobedience Movement was
• As the economic depression continued the
poor peasants found it difficult to pay the
rent. They wanted the unpaid rent to the
landlord to be remitted. Thus, they joined a
variety of radical movements, often led by
socialists and communists.
• They came in huge numbers to support
Gandhiji and his followers. It was because of
them that the Civil Disobedience Movement
could become a Mass Movement.
• They launched a ‘no rent’ campaign but it
was not supported by the Congress. So, the
relationship between the poor peasant and
Congress remained uncertain.
(ii) The role of merchants and the industrialists in
the Civil Disobedience Movement was
• They became powerful in society and
wanted to expand their business. So, they
started opposing colonial policies that
restricted their business. They wanted
protection against imports of foreign goods
and a rupee sterling foreign exchange ratio
that would discourage imports.
• The industrialists criticised colonial control
over the Indian economy and supported the
Civil Disobedience Movement at its first
stage. Most industrialists thought of ‘Swaraj’
as a time when colonial restriction did not
exist in the business world. As a result, trade
and business would flourish without
constraints.
32. Democracy is undoubtedly better than other forms
• They gave financial assistance and refused
to buy or sell imported goods.
31. The measures to make formal sector loans
beneficial for poor farmers and workers are
(i) The formal sector like banks and cooperatives
should lend more to poor people and workers,
particularly in rural areas.
. (ii) The formal sector should provide cheap and
affordable credit to the poor people so that
repayment is easy. v time but there is a big advantage in taking time
(iii) Formal sector should work out other ways of
arranging collateral from the poor people.
(iv) By providing linkage between Self Help Group*
and banks, the formal sector of credit can be
increased.
(v) There should be more cooperatives and banks
in rural areas and people should be made
aware of their presence.
Or (i) The lenders ask for collateral while lending due
to the following reasons:
• Collateral is an asset that the borrower owns
and uses as a guarantee to a lender until the
loan is repaid. Lenders ask for collateral as a
security against loans.
• If the borrower fails to repay the loan, the
lender has the right to sell the asset or
collateral to obtain the amount.
• For a bank in case of taking collateral, the
repayment of the loan becomes easy
because banks has no risk of non.
performing assets.
• The items that can be kept as collateral
against the loan are
(a) Landtitles (b)Deposits with banks
(c) Vehicle
(d) Building
(ii) The terms of credit becomes difficult for the
small and marginal farmers because
• They are not capable of providing the
collateral such as land titles, deposits with
banks, livestock’s, etc.
• The terms of credit includes interest rate,
collateral, documentation and the mode of
repayment. They vary substantially from one
credit arrangement to another depending on
the nature of the lender and the borrower.
• They lack in the mode of payment as in case
of crop failure, it becomes difficult for small
farmers to repay the loan on time.
of government. We can give the following
arguments in its favour
(i) Democracy improves the quality of decision
making. Democracy is based on consultation
and discussion. A democratic decision always
involves many persons, discussions and
meetings. When a number of people put their
head together, they are able to point o u t'
possible mistakes in any decision. This takes
over important decisions. This reduces the
chances of rash or irresponsible decisions.

(ii) Democracy provides a method to deal with
differences and conflicts. In any society
people are bound to have differences of
opinions and interests. These differences are
particularly sharp in a country like ours which
has an amasing social diversity. People
belong to different regions, speak different
languages, practice different religions and
have different castes. They look at the world
differently and have different preferences.
The preference of one group can clash with
those of other groups.
This conflict can be solved peacefully in a
democratic set-up. In democracy no one is a
permanent winner, no one is a permanent
loser. Different groups can live with one
another peacefully.
Or In actual life, democracies do not appear to be
very successful in reducing economic
inequalities. This can be justified in the following
ways
• Democracy does not guarantee economic
development. In most of the democracies, a
small number of ultra-rich enjoy a highly
disproportionate share of wealth and income.
For example, Countries like South Africa and
Brazil, the top 20% of people take away more
than 60% of the national income. Unfortunately,
those who are at the bottom of the society have
a very little share (less than 3%) to depend
upon.
• In India, the Elected government looks reluctant
to take necessary steps for the upliftment of the
large section of poor in our society.
• In Bangladesh, more than half of its population
lives in poverty. People in several countries
poor are now dependent on the rich countries
even for food supplies.
33. Roadways still have an edge over railways in
India because of the following reasons
• Construction cost of roadways is much lower
than that of railways.
• Roads can traverse comparatively more
dissecting and undulating plains.
• Roads can negotiate higher gradients of slopes
and can traverse mountains like Himalayas.
• Road transport is economical in transportation
of few persons and small amount of goods
over short distances.
• It also provides door to door services. >
• Cost of loading and unloading is much lower.
141
• Road transport is also used as a feeder to other
modes of transport such as they provide link
between railway station, airports and seaports.
Or The improvements made by Indian Railways are
• 64% of all broad-gauge routes have been electrified
by 40,5 km or by August 2020 with 25 kV 50 Hz AC
electric traction.
• Railways have taken several initiatives to upgrade
their aging infrastructure and improve the quality of
their service. The Indian government plans to invest
tr 9.05 trillion to upgrade IR by 2020.
• All unmanned level crossings were abolished by
January 2019, and manned level crossings are being
gradually replaced by overbridge and underbridge.
• Security projects are adopted like the expansion of
an automatic fire alarm system. It was first
introduced in all air-conditioned coaches in
Rajdhani Express trains in 2013. GPS-enabled Fog
Pilot Assistance Systems Railway signaling devices
were installed In four zones i.e. Northern, North
Central, North-Eastern and North-Western.
• Electrification of railway lines to increase speed,
and to burn less fuel.
• Introduction of electronic ticketing or ‘E-Ticketing’
for convenience of passengers.
• Construction of new railway lines to improve the
connectivity of the country.
• Introduction of new, superfast trains like Shatabdi.
• Replacing steam engines, which cause heavy
pollution, by diesel and electric engines.
34. (i) Indian postal network has helped the country to
engage in communication and social economic
development.
(ii) Mass Communication is the medium which
provides entertainment as well as creates
awareness among the masses. It includes radio,
television, newspapers, magazines, books, films,
etc whereas Personal Communication is between
person to person.
(iii) Significance of communication for a nation is
• Communication has brought all regions in a
nation and all nations in the world closer.
• The communication system in a country is
paramount in ensuring that critical information
and messages are passed on to different parts
of the country. Our economy would crumble
without strong and reliable communication
system.
• Communication helps in creating awareness
among the people about government policies
and programmes of development.
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35. (i) In 1916, Gandhiji initiated a movement in • Improved techniques of production in

Champaran in Bihar against the oppressive agriculture, leading to less need for human
indigo plantation system. resources in that area
(ii) Mahatma Gandhi ji launched the Civil (iii) Primary Sector (or Agriculture sector) includes
Disobedience Movement because Lord Irwin all those economic activities which are
ignored Gandhi's eleven demands including the connected with extraction and production of
abolition of the salt tax. Gandhiji started a Civil natural resources.
Disobedience Movement with the famous Dandi
On the other hand, Tertiary Sector (or Service
March.
sector) is concerned with providing support
(iii) Two impacts of the Civil Disobedience services to the primary and secondary sector
Movement are and includes transport, banking, insurance,
• Women and students participated in large warehousing, communication, advertising,
numbers in the movement, which was a etc.
liberating experience for Indian women who
were entering public space in such large
numbers for the first time. Due to this
movement women started playing an active
role in India political movements.
• The Civil Disobedience Movement had a far
reaching impact. It instilled distrust in the
British government and laid the groundwork
for the freedom struggle, as well as
popularising new methods of propaganda.
36. (i) Primary Sector (or Agriculture sector) includes
all those economic activities which are
connected with extraction and production of
natural resources.
(ii) As the economy grows, there is a shift in the
labour force from primary sector to Secondary
and tertiary sectors. This takes place due to
following reasons
• Increase in demand for goods and services
produced by Secondary and Tertiary sectors