Sandip Foundation's International Journal on Emerging Trends in Technology (IJETT)

Testing and Performance Assessment of 1KWp Solar

Rooftop System
A. S. Dube, N. L. Bhirud, K. D. More

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Sandip Institute of Engineering
Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra.
anil.dube@siem.org.in, niteen.bhirud@siem.org.in, kiran.more@siem.org.in

Abstract—The alternative energy flux reaching the Earths
surface represents a couple of thousand-fold the current use of
primary energy by humans. The potential of this resource is
gigantic and makes alternative energy a vital part of a renewable
energy portfolio geared toward reducing the world emissions
of greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere. Under the Ministry
of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), the National Institute
of Solar Energy (NISE), an autonomous Institute has recently
estimated Indias solar energy potential of the order of 748.98 GW
considering only portions of waste lands and other land areas
available for installation. The Energy and Resources Institute
(TERI) has recently estimated the potential of 124 GW for
rooftop solar based on current data buildings. The country is
endowed with excellent solar radiation over a majority of its
land area. States located in the Western, Central and South-
Western part of the country hold enormous potential for solar
power, where many areas show 5-6 kWh/m2/day of DNI. A clear
sunny weather is experienced for 250 to 300 days in a year in
most part of the country and the annual global variation varies
from 1600 to 2200 kWh/m2. The main object of this paper is to
design of the solar rooftop system, selection of its component and
to analyse the performance of this system. Also to measure the
effect of various factors such as temperature, wind velocity, dust,
and seasonal atmospheric condition on the performance of the
system. As per the recorded data, the system is generating 3 to 4
unit per day and its payback period is around 6 and half years.
Payback period is higher because the system is the off-grid type.
Index Terms—Solar radiation, Photovoltaic, Payback period,
polycrystalline, off Grid-Connected SPV system.
I. I NTRODUCTION
The depletion of conventional sources on a worldwide foun-
dation has necessitated an urgent look for alternative power
sources to meet up the prevailing load needs. Photovoltaic
offer the consumers the potential to generate energy in a
smooth, quiet and reliable manner. Photovoltaic structures are
constituted of photovoltaic cells, devices that converted light
energy at once into power. It is anticipated that photovoltaic
structures will experience a sizable increase in the decades to
come back. But, a hit integration of sun power technology
into the prevailing electricity shape depends additionally on
detailed information of the solar resource. But toward its
miles important to the nation the quantity of literature on
solar strength, the solar energy system and PV grid linked
system is great. Grid interconnection of the photovoltaic
(PV) power generation device has the advantage of greater
powerful utilisation of generated energy [1]. The Solar electric
phenomenon can be a key generation preference to notice the
shift to a decarbonized energy provider and is projected to
come to be a pretty change strength deliver in the future. India
is located within the equatorial solar belt of the planet, thereby
receiving long power from the solar. The Republic of India
Meteoric Department (IMD) keeps a nationwide community
of radiation stations that live radiation and moreover the each
day length of light. In maximum factors of the Republic
of India, the clear sunny weather is informed 250 to a few
hundred days a year. The annual world radiation varies from
1600 to 2200 kWh/sq.m. This is similar radiation acquired
within the tropical and semitropical regions. Measures of
land are barren and carefully inhabited, creating those regions
appropriate as places for big crucial energy stations supported
solar electricity. The Indian authority has launched Jawaharlal
Nehru country wide solar undertaking (JNNSM) with a goal
of achieving 20000 MW by way of 2022. The aim is to create
Republic of India one in all of the leaders in sun strength.
Even though sun strength continues to be pricey these days,
but prices rectangular measure returning down with generation
development, right governmental rules and R & D efforts.
II. W ORKING OF S YSTEM
PV systems area unit like several alternative wattages gen-
erating systems, simply the instrumentality used is completely
different than that used for the standard mechanical device
generating systems. counting on the practical and operational
needs of the system, the particular major parts needed like a
DC-AC power electrical converter, battery bank, system and
battery controller, auxiliary energy sources and typically the
required electrical load (appliances). Solar PV systems use
cells to convert sun light into electricity. The PV cell consists
of 1 or 2 layers of a semi conducting material, typically Si.
once light-weight shines on the cell it creates an electrical field
across the layers inflicting electricity to flow. The larger the
intensity of the sunshine, the larger the flow of electricity. PV
cells area unit brought up in terms of the quantity of energy
they generate fully sunlight; referred to as kW peak or kWp.
The photovoltaic cell is that the basic building block of solar
PV technology. most of the people area unit familiar with PV
solar Cells that power calculators. These cells area unit wired

IJETT | ISSN: 2455–0124 (Online) | 2350–0808 (Print) | GIF : 0.456 | September 2017 | Volume 4 | Issue 3 | 9040
 Sandip Foundation's International Journal on Emerging Trends in Technology (IJETT)

along to create a module (PV solar Panel). The PV Modules In this system, 4 panels of 250 Watt each are arranged in
gather alternative energy within the variety of daylight and parallel connection and we are using silicon poly crystalline
convert it into electricity (DC) electricity. Associate in Nursing solar cells in system. The panels made by WAAREE Energy
electrical converter will convert this DC power into electricity limited.
(AC power, that is that the variety of electricity utilized in
C. Inverter With Charge Controller
your home). PV Modules area unit joined along to create a
PV solar array system. massive PV systems may be integrated. This electrical phenomenon charge controller is that the key
element in off-grid or complete alternative energy generation
systems. It will track the maximum outlet and transfer energy
to varied varieties of batteries. The build-in MPPT chip permits
the star Charge Controller to extend the energy transfer poten-
tial by up to half-hour compared to ancient charge controllers.
The inverter is made by Olympus Power.
D. Types of inverter
1) String invertors
2) Micro-inverters
3) Central inverter
4) Multi-String inverter
5) Smart Inverter

Fig. 1. Schematic of solar system TABLE II

S PECIFICATIONS OF I NVERTER

Sr No Specification Unit
III. S YSTEM C OMPONENTS
1 Type of charge controller MPPT
A. Solar PV Panel 2 Capacity 1 KVA
3 Battery 24 VDC
It includes no of a solar cell arranged in an array to have
specified current and voltage.
E. Battery
B. Types Of PV Cell
Solar cellular Batteries are best-known for heat sealed end
• First Generation Solar Cells
and so vanishing any possibilities of leakages. They are known
– Single Crystal Solar Cells for their low maintenance, corrosion resistance, longer service
– Multi Crystal Solar Cells life and trouble free operations. These star Tubular Batteries
• Second Generation Solar Cells are wide best-known for his or her sturdiness and quality. Our
– a-Si thin film solar cells solar panel ranges from 50Ah to 150Ah.The batteries made
– mc-Si solar cells by Indo Solaris Solar Tubular Battery. The battery of 12 VDC
– CdTe solar cells is connected in series connection.
– CIS and CIGS solar cells
F. Types of battery
• Third Generation solar cells
1) Lead acid
– Nanocrystal based solar cells
2) Lithium-ion
– Polymer based solar cells
3) Flow batteries
– Dye sensitized solar cells
– Concentrated solar cells
TABLE III
S PECIFICATIONS OF BATTERY
TABLE I
S PECIFICATIONS OF PV PANEL Sr No Description Specification
1. Type of Battery Tubular Lead acid battery
Sr No Specification Unit 2. Voltage 12 VDC Each
1 Maximum power (Pmax) 250 W 3. Current 150
2 Open circuit voltage (Voc) 37.2 V
3 Short circuit current (Isc) 8.96 A
4 Maximum power voltage (Vmp) 30.8 V IV. T ESTING AND A NALYSIS
5 Maximum power current (Imp) 8.12 A
6 Maximum System voltage 1000 V DC
7 Maximum reverse current 15 A

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 Sandip Foundation's International Journal on Emerging Trends in Technology (IJETT)

TABLE IV TABLE VI
O BSERVATION ON 11/04/2016 (M ONDAY ) O BSERVATION ON 13/04/2016 (W EDNESDAY )

Time Voltage Current Power Temperat Unit Time Voltage Current Power Temperat Unit
(V) (A) (W) ure (0 C) (KWh) (V) (A) (W) ure (0 C) (KWh)
9:15 AM 26.2 16.5 432 33.0 59.466 9:00 AM 27.8 15.2 422 31.3 67.807
10:00 AM 28.2 18.7 527 34.5 59.849 10:00 AM 274.2 21.2 576 37.5 68.509
11:00 AM 29.2 19.3 563 35.8 60.418 11:00 AM 27.5 17.7 492 37.8 68.928
12:00 PM 28.8 17.3 498 37.8 60.847 12:00 PM 27.8 20.5 569 39.1 69.368
1:00 PM 26.2 8.9 233 38.5 61.281 1:00 PM 25.8 11.1 415 41.3 69.637
2:00 PM 29.2 15.6 455 40.8 61.653 2:00 PM 29.2 14.8 432 42.5 70.060
3:00 PM 28.5 17.1 487 38.5 62.080 3:00 PM 28.8 17.8 512 38.8 70.379
4:00 PM 25.5 15.2 433 38.2 62.516 4:00 PM 29.2 14.1 411 39.0 70.822
5:00 PM 24.9 11.9 293 36.1 62.800

Fig. 2. Temperature (0 C) Vs Power (W) Fig. 4. Power (W) Vs Current (A)

TABLE V TABLE VII

O BSERVATION ON 12/04/2016 (T UESDAY ) O BSERVATION ON 15/04/2016 (F RIDAY )

Time Voltage Current Power Wind Total Time Voltage Current Power Temperat Unit
(V) (A) (W) Velocity Unit (V) (A) (W) ure (0 C) (KWh)
(m/sec) (KWh) 10:00 AM 27.8 18.9 525 36.1 75.193
9:15 AM 26.5 18.9 500 1.2 63.643 11:00 AM 29.2 15.4 449 38.2 75.747
10:00 AM 26.2 21.1 552 1.4 63.880 12:00 PM 29.2 14.4 420 38.4 76.115
11:00 AM 27.5 22.1 607 1.4 64.774 1:00 PM 28.8 16.9 486 39.5 76.571
12:00 PM 28.5 20.4 575 2.4 65.393 2:00 PM 28.8 16.8 483 39.8 76.829
1:00 PM 28.8 18.9 538 3.4 65.799 3:00 PM 29.2 15.5 457 39.6 77.316
2:00 PM 25.8 5.3 136 2.3 66.103 4:00 PM 28.5 16.2 461 39.4 77.544
3:00 PM 28.8 16.7 480 2.8 66.653
4:00 PM 28.2 14.24 400 2.2 66.971
5:00 PM 24.5 10.9 272 2.5 67.252

Fig. 5. Temperature (0 C) Vs Power (W)

Fig. 3. Wind Velocity (m/sec) Vs Power (W)

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 Sandip Foundation's International Journal on Emerging Trends in Technology (IJETT)

TABLE VIII V. C ALCULATION OF PAYBACK P ERIOD

O BSERVATION ON 16/04/2016 (S ATURDAY )
For calculation of total payback period, per unit cost of
Time Voltage Current Power Temperat Unit electricity per day is calculated
(V) (A) (W) ure (0 C) (KWh) Rs.11* 4 Unit = Rs.44 per day
9:00 AM 26.8 17.2 460 31.5 78.353
10:00 AM 29.2 16.7 487 36.5 78.812
For calculation of total payback period, per unit cost of
11:00 AM 29.2 15.7 458 38.3 79.260 electricity per month is calculated
12:00 PM 27.8 19.8 554 38.9 79.690 Rs.44*30 days = Rs.1320 per month
1:00 PM 28.5 18.6 530 38.4 80.159 For calculation of total payback period, per unit cost of
2:00 PM 28.2 16.8 492 38.8 80.512
3:00 PM 27.5 16.2 525 39.9 80.953 electricity per year is calculated
Rs.1320*12 month = Rs.15840 per year
System Cost = Rs.105000
Payback Period = (Total System cost) / (Net annual cash
inflow)
Payback Period = (Rs.105000) / (Rs.15840)
Therefore, Payback period is 6 years and 6 months
VI. C ONCLUSION
The sun is actually shining on the Indian alternative energy
sector. This is reflected in the high spirits of the industry,
not withstanding the various unresolved policy, regulatory,
technical and economic issue existing in the market. The
daily plots showing the variation of potential with modules
temperature and therefore the variation of energy generation.
Also, we conclude that the accumulation of dust is decreasing
power generation of the system. The continuous utilization of
Fig. 6. Temperature (0 C) Vs Time (Hour) renewable energy sources in India leads to achieve the aim of
MNRE to generate 175 GW of power by 2022.
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Fig. 7. Days Vs Unit generated

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