Development Exercise Physiology II

Age and gender differences

Kid Puberty Adult Every quality should be improved in all

ages.
Skill xxx –♂, – –♀ minimal The table contents the biological
backgrounds.
Strength minimal x xxx
Endurance The meaning of the symbols:
xxx: best biological background
Aerob x xxx minimal x: good biological background;
Anaerob minimal x xxx ♂: boys, ♀: girls
minimal: hardly improvable;
Flexibility xxx –,–♂, –♀ minimal -: difficult to maintain
Speed xxx minimal minimal --: tend to lose from previous level

Table 1.
 The phases of general adaptation

Figure 1.
 The phases of tiredness

Figure 2.
Symptoms Small tiredness Optimal tiredness Very strong tiredness Recovery after very strong
(easy workout) (peak workout) tiredness
Skin Healthy, flushing Strong suffusion Strong suffusion or pallor Pallor during days
face and limbs
Sweat Mild Strong sweating Strong sweating all over Sweating during nights
over the hip the body
Movement Adequate Unpunctuality, Deficit in the coordination, Problems in the movements
unsteadiness powerlessness
Concentration Normal level Inattention Absolute inattention, long Inattention
reaction time
Comfort Normal level Weakness, fast Pain, heavy limbs, vertigo Higher pulse rate, problems
/discomfort respiration and retching with the sleeping
Power /attitude Normal level Decreased activity, Stop the exercise, Apathetic, resistant
wish to have rest “madness” for rest
Mood Open minded, Moderate, happy Despair, fear Dumps, resentfulness
happy

Table 2.
Time duration Training units
Long term - 10-12 years Youth program
Four years, period between Olympic Games Quadrennial (Olympic) cycle
One year Annual cycle
Short term - months Training period (macrocycle)
A number of weeks Mesocycle
One week or a number of days Microcycle
A number of hours (usually not more than three) Workout or training session
A number of minutes Training exercise
Table 3.
Period Stage Aims Workload
Enhancing the level of general Relatively big volume and reduced
General
motor abilities. Enlarging the intensity of main exercises; high variety of
preparatory
repertory of various motor skills. training means
Development of the special
Preparation Special training level; enhancing more Load volume reaches maximum; intensity
preparatory specialized motor and technical increases selectively
abilities
Enhancing event-specific motor
Stabilization and reduction of volume;
Pre-Competition fitness, technical and tactical skills;
increase of intensity in event-specific
preparatory forming the individual patterns of
exercises
competition top-performance
Competition Accomplishing event-specific
Competitive Low volumes, high intensity; fullest
fitness and attaining readiness for
training modeling of forthcoming competition
the main competition
Active rest; use of variable pleasant
Transition Transitory Recovery
activities
Table 4.