DPM33

A to E

A. Words along with their meaning, Pronunciation and usage

Fallible /ˈfalɪb(ə)l/

[Adjective] capable of making mistakes or being wrong.

Usage – Even the most reputed experts can be fallible.

Origin - late Middle English: from medieval Latin fallibilis, from Latin fallere ‘deceive’.

Fatalistic /feɪtəˈlɪstɪk/

[Adjective] relating to or characteristic of the belief that all events are predetermined and
therefore inevitable.

Usage – Many have an almost fatalistic attitude towards the pandemic.

Origin – From fatalist+ic (from fatal; from Latin fatalis "ordained by fate, decreed, destined; of or
belonging to fate or destiny; destructive, deadly," from fatum).

Fathom /ˈfað(ə)m/

[Noun] 1) a unit of length equal to six feet (1.8 metres), chiefly used in reference to the depth of
water.

[Verb] 2) understand (a difficult problem or an enigmatic person) after much thought.

3) measure the depth of (water).

Usage 1) The sonar recorded the depth as eighteen fathoms.

Usage 2) – The neighbour could not fathom out the secret of his new-found success.
Usage 3) – There have been many attempts to fathom oceans.

Origin - Old English fæthm, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch vadem, vaam and German
Faden ‘six feet’. The original sense was ‘something which embraces’, (plural) ‘the outstretched
arms’; hence, a unit of measurement based on the span of the outstretched arms, later
standardized to six feet.

Fickle /ˈfɪk(ə)l/

[Adjective] changing frequently, especially as regards one's loyalties or affections.

Usage – Celebrities have a tough time with trying to deal with an increasingly fickle public.

Origin - Old English ficol ‘deceitful’, of Germanic origin.

Foist /fɔɪst/

[Verb] impose an unwelcome or unnecessary person or thing on.

Usage – He had no desire to have a career foisted on him.

Origin – mid-16th century (in the sense ‘palm a false die, so as to produce it at the right
moment’): from Dutch dialect vuisten ‘take in the hand’, from vuist (fist).

Forlorn /fəˈlɔːn/

[Adjective] 1) pitifully sad and abandoned or lonely.

2) (of an aim or endeavour) unlikely to succeed or be fulfilled.

Usage 1) – There were many forlorn figures at the hospital.

Usage 2) – The prisoners made a forlorn attempt to escape.

Origin – Old English forloren ‘depraved, morally abandoned’, past participle of forlēosan ‘lose’,
of Germanic origin; related to Dutch verliezen and German verlieren, and ultimately to for- and
lose. Forlorn (1) dates from the 16 th century.
Fall on (one’s) sword

[Idiom] literally, to commit suicide or, figuratively, to offer your resignation.

Usage – The CEO fell on his sword when widespread corruption in the company was exposed.

From pillar to post

[Phrase] to move from one place to another in an unceremonious or fruitless manner.

Usage – She was driven from pillar to post and each person she spoke to was more unhelpful
than the last.

Faux pas /fəʊ ˈpɑː,French fo pa/

[French, Noun] an embarrassing or tactless act or remark in a social situation.

Usage – He was uninvited, and a series of faux pas lead to his expulsion from the party.

Fin de siècle /ˌfã də ˈsjɛkl(ə)/

[French, Adjective] 1) relating to or characteristic of the end of a century, especially the 19 th

century.

[French, Noun] 2) the end of a century, especially the 19th century.

Usage 1) - Fin-de-siècle art represented a new comprehension of the purpose of art in general.
B. RC Passage (with Link)

Article 1: https://www.1843magazine.com/features/the-rise-of-ptsd

This article explores the subject of PTSD by understanding the experiences of those who have
been trying to cope with the effects of trauma. The author reveals how, with the passage of time,
open discussion of trauma and its consequences has become less stigmatised and how post-
traumatic stress disorder, and its acronym PTSD have entered the vocabulary of ordinary people
in the U.S. Notwithstanding the challenges facing victims of trauma, their willingness to talk about
it, to pierce the veil of shame and embarrassment that has traditionally shrouded the subject, is
itself a clear sign of progress, according to the author.

Article 2: https://www.bloombergquint.com/pursuits/kolkata-india-food-travel-places-to-stay-
explore-dine

This nostalgic travel write-up on Kolkata describes it as ‘a jewel of a city, cracked and flawed, like
a broken heart’. Unlike other tourist favourites—say Agra, Jaipur and Goa—Kolkata does not go
out of the way to make it ‘nice for tourists’. Notwithstanding this, the author finds himself being
drawn to the ‘magical city with heart and soul, raw energy and passion’ present in its architecture,
food and people. While acknowledging that the city’s sounds and smells are not for the faint
hearted, he urges visitors to imbibe the buzz of Kolkata in the streets and in the markets, and in
its rich colonial history and culinary richness.

Article 3: https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2020/04/pandemic-summer-coronavirus-
reopening-back-normal/609940/

This article, while acknowledging that the fight against the coronavirus will not be over soon, calls
for reopening the country, albeit slowly and methodically. Observing that the COVID-19 crisis is
fundamentally different from hurricanes or wildfires, the author argues that the right question to
be asked is ‘How do we continue?’ and not ‘When would this end?’ While America’s current
problems—the continuing testing debacle, drying supply chains and relentless pressure on
hospitals—are not likely to ease any time soon, the author nevertheless makes a case for
reopening the country with a plan of recalibration and reinforcement.
Article 4: https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/masks-fashion-style-
designs/2020/05/04/6a1b77a6-8a2c-11ea-ac8a-fe9b8088e101_story.html

This article argues that the face mask—a mandatory accessory in the wake of the coronavirus
pandemic—is here to stay, and is all set to become a way of life, a way of expressing ourselves.
As countries, including the U.S., move towards reopening after the lockdown, masks will soon
become an essential part of our future, according to the author. The article traces the evolution of
the face mask—from a purely functional item not too long ago to an exotic accessory at present—
and how people now view the mask as a means to stand out, to communicate, to thrive in a
treacherous environment, as a powerful expression of solidarity.

Article 5: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/05/200526111320.htm

New simulations have revealed the asteroid that doomed the dinosaurs struck Earth at the
'deadliest possible' angle.
C. RC Passage (with Questions)

Periodic changes in the alignment between the sun's rotational axis and the gravitational center
of the solar system produce intense fluctuation in the vertical magnetic fields of the sun. These
divert heat flow from deeper layers in the sun and generate patches of fluctuating temperatures
on the surface that manifest as sunspots — spots that appear darker than the surrounding
areas.

One might presume that solar energy reaching the Earth would decline during times of high
sunspot activity, but the opposite is true. Heightened solar magnetic field activity that produces
sunspots increases the overall brightness of the sun and more than compensates for the dark
areas within the sunspots. Measurements from spacecraft since 1980 affirm that the total solar
energy oscillates 0.05% to 0.07% in synchrony with sunspot number. Variations of this
magnitude should account for only about 0.03% change in global temperatures. By contrast
solar energy reaching the Earth varies 6.5% between the perihelion and aphelion (the nearest
and farthest positions of the Earth from the sun), and 28% between seasons in tropics.
Differences from other external sources should thus dwarf the 0.05 to 0.07% oscillations
resulting from sunspots.

However, the sunspot number and mean surface temperatures of the terrestrial Northern
Hemisphere are positively correlated. For example, the period from 1645 to 1715 — the middle
of the Little Ice Age when most countries suffered bitterly cold winters —was largely devoid of
sunspots. One possible explanation is that during periods of low solar magnetic fluxes (few
sunspots) up to 18% more cosmic rays penetrate the solar system and strike the Earth. Cosmic
rays, as they pass through the Earth's atmosphere. may leave a trial of ions, which encourages
formation of clouds, which reflect solar energy and cool the planet. Recent studies, however,
have found little correlation between cosmic rays and cloud formation.
1. Which of the following can be properly inferred about sunspots?

(A) They occurred more frequently after 1980 than before 1980.

(B) They are generally associated with diminished solar activity.

(C) They send out less heat energy than other areas of the sun.

(D) They were the reason for the formation of Little Ice Age.

2. The author of the passage is likely to agree With all of the following EXCEPT

(A) The brightness of the sun during the presence of sunspots is higher than that during the
absence of sunspots.

(B) The distance between the sun and the Earth is a factor that decides the amount of solar
radiation received by the Earth.

(C) The higher the solar magnetic flux, the higher the possibility of appearance of sunspots.

(D) Sunspots have a more significant impact on global temperature than do seasonal variations
in tropics.

3. In the context of the whole passage, the last sentence serves which of the following
functions?

(A) It calls into question the hypothesis accounting for very low temperatures even in the
absence of sunspots.

(B) It supports the explanation for the severe winters during Little Ice Age during which sunspots
were not observed.

(C) It establishes that sunspots have little influence on global temperatures as suggested in the
first two paragraphs.

(D) It brings out the insufficiency of technology in identifying exactly the significance of sunspots
in influencing global temperatures.
D. Quantitative Aptitude

Directions for questions 1 and 2: These questions are based on the following data.

Shiv Shankar manufactured and sold pens. The cost of production per pen was 8 and the
selling price per pen was 10. The tax on the production cost was 12.5%.Shiv Shankar now
decides to offer a discount of 5% on the marked price of 10, while the government decides to
charge the tax at 12.5% on the marked price.

Q.1 The percentage increase or decrease in the profit is

(A) 25% increase (B) 25% decrease (C) 75% increase (D) 75% decrease

Q.2. If Shiv Shankar stops offering discount and increases his volume of sales by 10%, what is
the percentage increase or decrease in the government revenue compared to the tax from old
volume of sales in the old tax regime? (Negative sign indicates decrease)

(А) -37.5% (B) 37.5% (С) -25 % (D) 25%

b+c d+ⅇ f+a

Q.3. If c+d
= ⅇ+f
= a+b , where a + b + c ≠ −(d + e + f), then, what ⅈs the value of

𝑏 𝑑 𝑓
+ + ?
𝑑 𝑓 𝑏

(a) – 3 (B) 0 (C) 3 (D) cannot be determined

Q.4. How many positive integers between 120 and 240are co-prime to 720?

(A) 28 (B) 32 (C) 48 (D) 60

Q.5. The number of digits required to represent the decimal number 6796 in base 3 is
Q.6. P and Q start at 10:00 am from a point on a highway and walk in opposite directions. R
starts at the same point at 11:00 am and goes in the same direction as P. He catches up with P
1
at 11:30 am. R then reverses his direction and increases his speed by 61 %. He catches up
9

with Q at 12:30 pm. Find theratio of thespeeds of P and Q.

(A) 4:5 (В) 5:6 (С) 3:4 (D) 7:9

Q.7. Lekhakram, the renowned author, recently got his new novel released. To his utter dismay
he found that for the 1,007 pages there were on an average 2 mistakes on every page while in
the first 612 pages there were only 434 mistakes. The mistakes seemed to increase for the
latter pages. Find the average number of mistakes per page for the remaining pages.

(A) 4 (В) 5 (С) 3 (D) None of these

Q.8. A circle is inscribed in an isosceles trapezium. The length of the segment joining the
midpoints of the non-parallel sides is 13 cm and this segment divides the trapezium into two
parts whose areas are in the ratio of 7: 19. What is the diameter of the circle? (in cm)

(A) 4 (В) 5 (С) 3 (D) None of these

Q.9. If f(p) is a polynomial satisfying f(p). f(1/p) = f(p) + f(1/p) and f(5) = -124, then f(9) =

Q.10. How many digits are there in the number 1125 225, given that log2 = 0.3010 and log3 =
0.4771?

(A) 685 (В) 687 (С) 686 (D) None of these

E. DILR – 1 Set

Directions for Q.1 to Q.4 - These questions are based on the following information.

In a class of 100 students a survey was conducted to understand the relationship between
which colour among black and white a student likes to which subject among English and Maths
the student likes. It was found that all the students who do not like any of the two colours like
Maths and none of the students who like only Maths, like both the colours. The total number of
students who like both Maths and English is same as the total number of students who like both
white and black. Of the students who like only English 50% like both white and black. All the
students who do not like any of the two subjects like black. The total number of students who
like white is same as that who like English and that is 55. Of the students, who like both the
subjects, those who like both the colours is same as those who like none of the colours. 10
students like only Maths and only white. 10 students like none of the two colours. Of the total 25
students, who like both the colours, 5 like none of the two subjects. Of the students who like
only black, those who like Maths is same as those who like English, and in this group, no one
likes both the subjects.

1. How many students like none of the two subjects but like both the colours?

(A) 4 (В) 5 (С) 3 (D) cannot be determine

2. How many students like white as well as English?

(A) 40 (В) 35 (С) 38 (D) None of these

3. How many students like only black and only English?

(A) 4 (В) 5 (С) 3 (D) None of these

4. How many students like none of the two subjects?

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