1.

SOFT SKILLS

A soft skill is a personal attribute that supports

situational awareness and enhances an individual's
ability to get a job done. The term soft skills is
often used as a synonym for people skills or
emotional intelligence. Soft skills include
attributes and personality traits that help
employees interact with others and succeed in the
workplace. Examples of soft skills include the
ability to communicate with prospective clients,
mentor your co-workers, lead a team, negotiate a
contract, follow instructions, and get a job done on
time. Soft skills include any skill that can be
classified as a personality trait or habit. Some of
the most sought after ones include:

1) Teamwork :
Teamwork happens when people
work together toward a common goal. That goal
could be professional or personal. You can work as
a team to move a couch up a flight of stairs, launch
a work project, or play soccer.

2) Time Management :

Time management is the

coordination of tasks and activities to maximize
the effectiveness of an individual's efforts.
Essentially, the purpose of time management is to
enable people to get more and better work done in
less time. the process of planning and controlling
how much time to spend on specific activities.
3) Adaptability :

Adaptability is a person's ability

to adjust to changes in their environment. When
thinking about your career aspirations, changes
have a direct effect on how flexible you can be.
Being adaptable at work means you can respond
quickly to changing ideas, responsibilities,
expectations, trends, strategies and other
processes.

4) Conflict management :

Conflict management is an
umbrella term for the way we identify and handle
conflicts fairly and efficiently. The goal is to minimize
the potential negative impacts that can arise from
disagreements and increase the odds of a positive
outcome. Five styles for conflict management, as
identified by Thomas and Kilmann, are: competing,
compromising, collaborating, avoiding, and
accommodating.
 2. Presentation on Current Affairs

Current affairs means you are referring to political

events and problems in society which are discussed in
newspapers, and on television and radio ,Where the
political events and problems happening around the
world at the present time that are of national and
international importance. which are important for
competitive exams. World current affairs and current
events allows you to decide about your own well-being
concerning your city, state, region and country.
The Important categories of Current Affairs are:

Newsmakers :

a person, thing, or event that is newsworthy on

a weekly magazine devoted to stories on
newsmakers.

National News :

This List considers a newspaper

to be a national newspaper if the newspaper
circulates throughout the whole country.

International News :

World news or international

news or even foreign coverage is the news media
jargon for news from abroad, about a country or a
global subject.

Business, Commerce & Economy News :

The Part of journalism that tracks, records,

analyzes and interprets the business, economic and
financial activities and changes that take place in
societies.

Sports News :

a form of writing that reports on matters

pertaining to sporting topics and competitions.
Its an integral part of the news business with
newspapers having dedicated sports sections.

Daily News :

Newspaper that is published at least

four times per week and mainly reporting events
that have occurred since the previous issue of the
newspaper.

Trade News :

Trading news releases can be a

significant tool for financial investors. Economic
news reports often spur the markets, which may
create trading opportunities for traders.
 3.Cover Letter

A Cover letter is a written document

commonly submitted with a job application
outlining the applicant's credentials and interest in
the open position. Since a cover letter is often one
of only two documents sent to a potential
employer, a well- or poorly-written letter .
Types of Cover Letters :

The information that is

included in a cover letter will vary depending on
the goals and purpose of your application.

An Application cover letter is the most familiar

type of cover letter. In addition to answering any
specific questions posted in the job ad, it may also
highlight any experience or skills that are suitable
for the position.

A Referral cover letter is similar to an application

letter, but it includes the name of a colleague or
employee who recommended the applicant for the
open position.

A Prospecting cover letter, also known as a letter

of interest, is written by a job seeker and addressed
to a company where they would like to work.
Instead, this type of letter inquires about open
positions in general and may highlight any special
skills that make the writer suitable for the
company.

How to Write a Cover Letter

When employers post a job ad that requires a
cover letter, they may specify certain requirements
for the cover letter to address. For example, they
may require applicants to answer certain questions,
or to respect , It is important to follow these
requirements, as they reflect on the applicant's
ability to understand and follow directions.

However, it is possible to include too much

information. Most employers will simply glance at
the majority of their cover letters, and a long-
winded essay might end up at the bottom of the
pile. A few short paragraphs explaining your skills,
and why you chose that specific employer, should
be enough to put your best foot forward.
 4.Resume

A Resume is a formal document that a job

applicant creates to itemize their qualifications for
a position. A Resume is usually accompanied by a
customized cover letter in which the applicant
expresses an interest in a specific job or company
and draws attention to the most relevant specifics
on the resume.

TYPES OF RESUME :

The following are the four

basic types of resumes to choose from when
applying for jobs.

1.Chronological Resume :

A chronological resume is a
very common type of resume and just as the name
suggests, each section lists the presented items in
chronological order or by date. Mostly, this type of
resume is ideal for those with a solid, gap-free
work history in line with the type of job for which
you’re applying.

2.Functional Resume :

a functional resume if you’re

changing careers or graduating from college and
your work history relating to the job. Functional
resumes tend to highlight skills and their
application relating to the job description .

3.Targeted Resume :
A targeted resume can be
chronological, functional, or a combination but is
“targeted” specifically to the position for which
you are applying. The sections for work history,
skills, and education are carefully constructed to
emphasize the job requirements using exact
keyword matching from the description.

5.Combination Resume :
a combination resume is
easier with significant work and education
experience. You can generally start your resume
with the job titles you are seeking. Write out a
robust professional summary and skills section,
then include a chronological work history.
 5.Stress Management

Stress management offers a range of strategies to

help you better deal with stress and difficulty
(adversity) in your life. Managing Stress is an
automatic physical, mental and emotional response
to a challenging event. It's a normal part of
everyone's life. tress is a physiological and
psychological response to a change in a situation
the body and mind find to be overwhelming.
the Tips to manage stress and reduce the overall
stress of day-to-day activities :

1.Use Guided Meditation :

Guided meditation is a great way

to distract yourself from the stress of day-to-day
life. There are many guided meditations available
online that can help you find five minutes of
centered relaxation.

2. Practice deep breathing :

Deep breathing is a
great way to reduce the activation of your
sympathetic nervous system, which controls the
body's response of fight or flight to a perceived
threat. It can help activate your parasympathetic
nervous system to rest and digest, which helps
reduce the overall stress and anxiety you may be
experiencing. . Deep breaths taken in for a count of
five seconds, held for two seconds and released .
3. Maintain physical exercise and good nutrition:

Physical exercise and nutrition

are two important components in how you respond
to stress. When your body is healthy, your mind
can be healthy and vice versa. Physical exercise is
proven to be a great stress reliever and also helps
to improve your overall quality of life.

4. Manage social media time :

Spending time on social media sites can become

stressful, not only by what you might see on them,
but also because the time might best be spent
enjoying visiting with friends, being outside
enjoying the weather or reading a great book.

5. Connect with others : Humans are social beings.

You need to have connections with people to feel
supported. Finding a sense of is important to your
well-being.
 6.Time Management

Time management is the coordination of tasks and

activities to maximize the effectiveness of an
individual's efforts. Essentially, the purpose of
time management is to enable people to get more
and better work done in less time. Time
management may be aided by a range of skills,
tools, and techniques used to manage time when
accomplishing specific tasks, projects, and goals .
Why is time management important?

The importance of time management is

in its ability to assign meaning to time, letting
people make the most of their time. In a business
context, it is used to set goals and expectations for
companies and their employees. Good time
management skills help employees deliver quality
work and meet their goals effectively. Time
management also helps managers to understand
what employees are capable of and to set realistic
goal . Time management requires active decisions
about what a person wants to do. Without time
management, individuals continually react to
external stimuli and lose a sense of control over
their work and lives. Poor time management skills
cause employees to miss goals and deliver poor
work, become overly stressed out and anxious, and
run short of time .
Benefits of time management :
The benefits of effective time management apply
equally to the business and its employees.

Happier employees : When employees have enough

time to get their work done, they are happier and less
prone to burnout.

Improved creativity : When not stressed by time

issues, employees have the space and energy to be more
creative in their work. They can actively engage with
their work instead of passively reacting to it. This
increases innovation.

Lower absenteeism : Stressed and burned-out

employees take more sick and other time off.

Lower turnover : With a better work experience,

employees are likely to stay at a job and not look
elsewhere.

Increased productivity : Employees who are less

likely to be absent and who enjoy their work are more
productive.
 7. Leadership skills

Leadership is the ability of an individual or a

group of people to influence and guide followers
or members of an organization, society or team.
Leadership often is an attribute tied to a person's
title, seniority or ranking in a hierarchy. a true
leader leads by example, fostering strong
relationships with individuals and teams alike and
ensuring that all reach their full potential while,
importantly, achieving organizational goals.
Top Five Skills for Effective Leadership Skills :

1.Decisiveness

Leaders must make difficult decisions — often

quickly — and justify their choices to colleagues
and employees. Some decisions will be of minor
consequence, while many leaders are “born” in
periods of great adversity or stress — they rise to
the occasion and make the quick decisions that
inspire confidence.

2 Critical thinking

Like other leadership skills, your ability to think

through complex problems and scenarios can be
sharpened through your education. Critical
thinking enhances your ability to be more decisive
and to that end, make better choices for employees
and your organization.
3. Motivation

One trait great leaders all have in common is their

ability to inspire and influence others, and if you
are managing people, you must learn what
motivates them.

4. Integrity

Perhaps now more than ever, honesty and ethics

matter in the workplace. To be a leader, you must
possess a level of integrity that earns you the
respect of those working for you and working
above you .

5. Team building

As a leader, you will need to be collaborative, and

if you already know what it takes to motivate your
team, you will have an easier time bringing them
together to accomplish projects large and small.
 8. Dialogue Writing

The Term 'Dialogue' is “a conversation between two

people in a book, film, or play”. Transcribing a
dialogue in writing or presenting a conversation in
text is referred to as dialogue writing.

Dialogue is basically a conversation between two or

more people. In fiction, it is a verbal conversation
between two or more conversations.
Tips to Write Dialogue :

o Speak out the Dialogue loudly as it will help

you resonate on your own dialogue and make
you understand how it will sound to the reader.
o Keep your dialogue brief and impactful as
adding extra details will only deviate the
reader’s mind from the main point.
o Give each character a unique way of talking or
voice. It will add an extra character trait and
readers can identify the character just by
reading his dialogue.

o Dialogues should not be lengthy and confusing

for the readers as through the dialogue only the
story moves.
o While writing the dialogue always remember
whom the dialogue is being addressed to.
 Format of Dialogue Writing
New Paragraph for Every Speaker :
Every speaker gets a new paragraph. Each time
a speaker says something, you have to put in a
fresh paragraph, even if it is just one word.
Punctuations Come under Quotation Marks :
All the punctuations used with dialogue must be
put under the quotes.
Dialogue Tags :
Dialogue tags i.e. He says/she says are always
written outside the dialogue and is separated by
a comma. When dialogue ends in a question or
exclamation mark, tags that follow start in
lower case.
Use Single Quotation Mark to Quote Something
with a Dialogue :
If you have to quote something within a
dialogue we should put single quotes as double
quotes are already enclosing the main dialogue.
 9. Interview Etiquette

Interview etiquette refers to codes of conduct an

individual must follow while appearing for
interviews. Let us go through some interview
etiquette: While appearing for telephonic
interviews, make sure you have your resume in
front of you. Whether you are an experienced
professional or new to the job market, it's always a
good idea to improve your interview skills.
Maintaining a proper interview etiquette is the first
step to making a great impression on the
interviewer.
5 Simple Interview Etiquette to Secure a Job

1.Prepare and Rehearse

The guaranteed way to give your best in an

interview is constant preparation and rehearsal. Be
prepared to answer insightful answers to the
questions that are most commonly asked in an
interview.

2. Body Language

You should be completely aware of your body

language, posture, and stance at an interview.
Sitting with your arms and legs crossed indicates
that you are defensive or you lack confidence.
Always remember to stand up when someone else
comes in the room. Staying seated sends a weak
and powerless message.
3. Dress right

Make sure that you are not under-dressed.. You

should not feel unsure or nervous about what you
wear for an interview. The idea behind dressing
right to show that you are willing to put in some
effort to win over the employer.

4. Master the introduction

You are likely to be remembered if you greet the

interviewer with their name. For the handshake,
you need to be firm but don't grab the hand too
strongly. Make and maintain eye contact when you
are answering a question.

5. Send a thank-you note

You can send a thank-you note to the hiring

manager within 24 hours after the interview is
done. This can be a quick note simply expressing
the gratitude for the opportunity.
 10. Types of Interviews

An Interview is a question-and-answer type of

round where a person asks questions and the other
person answers those questions. It can be a one-
on-one two-way conversation or it can be multiple
interviewers and multiple participants.
Types of Interviews
Telephonic Interview
This usually takes place with either the HR or
recruitment to assess the candidate in general. This
may include asking interview questions based on
the resume, roles and responsibilities of the job
profile.
Face-to-Face Interview
Once the candidate’s basic profile is screened and
shortlisted, it is processed further. The candidate
and interviewer meet in person to discuss your
profile .

Video Interview
These can be considered the substitute for the face-
to-face interview since it has a similar purpose.
Video interviews happen in case of remote
positions or in situations when meeting the
candidate is not possible.
Case Interview
Here, the interviewer gives you a situation and the
associated problem. This may be an imaginary or a
real-life problem. They then ask for a solution to
the problem. The aim is to assess how good you
are at problem-solving.
Informational Interview
These interviews are meant for learning the real-
life experience of an expert working in a field of
the interviewer’s interest. In this type of interview,
it is expected to seek advice and learn about a
sector, job or employer. In such interviews, the
candidate is keenly observed based on their skill
set and body language.
Panel Interview
In this type of interview, there are multiple
interviewers who assess the candidate. All types of
questions from expertise to future aspirations may
be covered in these interviews. These may include
different professionals from the team who assess
the candidate on different grounds.
Structured Interview
In such interviews, interviewers ask the same set
of questions from all candidates. These can be
open-ended or close-ended questions. If it is an
open-ended question, then there can be multiple
answers for a single question.
Unstructured Interview
Here, interviewers change questions based on the
candidate’s response to the previous questions.
There is no set format and there can be all types of
interview questions that you may not predict.