College of Medical Laboratory Science | OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY

Name: _________________________________________________ Date: __________________

Section: __________________ Group: __________________ Score: _________________

EXPERIMENT 6 Properties of Some Aromatic Hydrocarbons

At the end of the course, the student will be able to (1) demonstrate and recognized
organic compounds and their related characteristics; (2) classify the different COURSE
organic compounds based on their properties and their biochemical actions; (3)
OUTCOME
perform chemical reactions involving organic compounds and properly identify
positive chemical reactions; and, (4) understand the importance of organic
compounds.
To achieve this unit, the learner must:
UNIT 1. Differentiate aromatic hydrocarbon in terms of:
OUTCOMES a. Physical properties
b. Chemical Properties

TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Laboratory Experimentation

The student will have to research and answer the different procedures in the experiment
worksheet. Provide rationale behind the results of each procedure.

PRE-ANALYTICAL PHASE

The work area of the experiment should be sterilized. The student should wear proper personal
protective equipment before the experiment (laboratory gown, eye protector, hair net, laboratory mask,
and gloves). The student should be familiar to the chemicals and laboratory procedures involve in every
laboratory experiments so that proper handling will be observed. First aid treatment and safety facilities
should be in noted by the faculty before the start of any procedure.

Attentiveness is NECESSARY. DO NOT play with the chemicals! Follow the procedure as
instructed and follow the proper disposal of the chemicals.

*Note that this phase is not applicable since we are having laboratory classes virtually.

C H E M 1 1 1 L A B O R A T O R Y M A N U A L | 36
College of Medical Laboratory Science | OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY

ANALYTICAL PHASE

Materials

Benzene Toluene Potassium permanganate

Watch glass Test tube Match sticks
Alcohol lamp Applicator sticks Iron fillings
0.5% Bromine in carbon tetrachloride
Nitrating mixture:
1mL concentrated nitric acid; 1mL concentrated sulfuric acid

Procedure

A. Test for Physical State

Characteristics Tube 1 – 10 drops of Tube 2 – 10 drops of
benzene toluene/xylene
Physical state
Color
Odor
Solubility in water
Density in water

B. Test for Chemical Properties

1. Combustion
Watch glass 1 – benzene Watch glass 2 – toluene
5 drops of benzene 5 drops of toluene
Ignite, then observe.
Observation: Observation:

2. Oxidation
Tube 1 – benzene Tube 2 – toluene
5 drops of benzene 5 drops of toluene
10 drops of potassium permanganate 10 drops of potassium permanganate
Shake and heat for 10 minutes in a water bath. Observe for reaction.
Observation: Observation:

3. Bromination
Tube 1 – Benzene Tube 2 – Toluene
5 drops of benzene 5 drops of toluene
5 drops of 0.5% Bromine in Carbon tetrachloride 5 drops of 0.5% Bromine in
Add few iron filings Carbon tetrachloride
Add few iron fillings
Shake and observe for the reaction.
Observation: Observation:

C H E M 1 1 1 L A B O R A T O R Y M A N U A L | 37
 College of Medical Laboratory Science | OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY

In Tube 1, there are 5 drops of benzene, 5 drops of In Tube 2, there are 5 drops
0.5% Bromine in Carbon tetrachloride and a few iron of toluene, 5 drops of 0.5%
fillings. Bromine in Carbon
tetrachloride and a few iron
In my observation, Bromine remains orange and fillings.
benzene does not react with Bromine. The reason is
that it will only react in Bromine if there is a presence In my observation, there is no
of catalyst. Iron is not a catalyst because it changes reaction between toluene with
permanently during this reaction. Therefore, no a halogen like Bromine and
reaction in this solution. there is also a possibility that
it will react because it
SOURCES: depends if there is a presence
electrophilic substitution - the halogenation of benzene. (n.d.). of Iron bromide or UV light.
Retrieved November 27, 2020, from www.chemguide.co.uk Two possible scenarios may
website: happen. Toluene with the
https://www.chemguide.co.uk/mechanisms/elsub/halogenatio presence of Iron bromide
catalyst at room temperature
n.html#:~:text=Benzene%20reacts%20with%20chlorine%20or
to give a mixture of 2- and 4-
‌ substituted toluene.
Hydrogen atoms are replaced
and then proceeds as an
electrophilic substitution.
Hence, this reaction can
happen at room temperature
and their product is p-Bromo
toluene. On the other hand,
toluene with the presence of
UV light has also a reaction
and their product is benzyl
bromide.

SOURCES:
Properties of Hydrocarbons |
MendelSet. (2011). Retrieved
from Mendelset.com website:
http://www.mendelset.com/articl
es/689/properties_hydrocarbons

4. Nitration
Tube 1 – Benzene Tube 2 – Toluene
5 drops of benzene 5 drops of distilled water
5 drops of nitrating mixtures 5 drops of nitrating mixture
Shake

38 | C H E M 1 1 1 L A B O R A T O R Y M A N U A L
College of Medical Laboratory Science | OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY
Note the color formation of oily layer. If there is no reaction within 1
minutes, place it in water bath at 50°c for 10 minutes.
Observation: Observation:

POST-ANALYTICAL PHASE

Cleaning and Disposal

Before leaving, the students must do all of the following:

o Returning of materials, chemicals and equipment
o Disposal of wastes materials.
o Disinfection of the working area
o The PPE of each individual should be removed properly. These cannot be exposed outside the
laboratory premises.
o Disposal of chemicals reaction residues in the experiment in their proper container or as
instructed by the faculty.
*Note that this phase is not applicable since we are having laboratory classes virtually.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA FOR PASSING

Outcome To achieve each outcome, the learner must

demonstrate the ability to:
To achieve this unit, the learner must: a. Research and record the appropriate products
1. Differentiate aromatic hydrocarbon in of the different test reactions.
terms of:
a. Physical properties
b. Chemical Properties

C H E M 1 1 1 L A B O R A T O R Y M A N U A L | 39