College of Medical Laboratory Science | OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY

Name: Banal, Etolle, Marmito, Robles, and Seballos Date: December 4, 2020
Section: MEDTECH 1-Y1-2 Group: Number 5 Score: ______________

EXPERIMENT 6 Properties of Some Aromatic Hydrocarbons

At the end of the course, the student will be able to (1) demonstrate and recognized
organic compounds and their related characteristics; (2) classify the different organic COURSE
compounds based on their properties and their biochemical actions; (3) perform
OUTCOME
chemical reactions involving organic compounds and properly identify positive
chemical reactions; and, (4) understand the importance of organic compounds.

To achieve this unit, the learner must:

OUTCOMES

1. Differentiate aromatic hydrocarbon in terms of:

UNIT

a. Physical properties
b. Chemical Properties

TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Laboratory Experimentation

The student will have to research and answer the different procedures in the experiment worksheet.
Provide rationale behind the results of each procedure.

PRE-ANALYTICAL PHASE

The work area of the experiment should be sterilized. The student should wear proper personal
protective equipment before the experiment (laboratory gown, eye protector, hair net, laboratory mask, and
gloves). The student should be familiar to the chemicals and laboratory procedures involve in every laboratory
experiments so that proper handling will be observed. First aid treatment and safety facilities should be in
noted by the faculty before the start of any procedure.

Attentiveness is NECESSARY. DO NOT play with the chemicals! Follow the procedure as instructed
and follow the proper disposal of the chemicals.

*Note that this phase is not applicable since we are having laboratory classes virtually.

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 College of Medical Laboratory Science | OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY

ANALYTICAL PHASE

Materials
Benzene Toluene Potassium permanganate
Watch glass Test tube Match sticks
Alcohol lamp Applicator sticks Iron fillings
0.5% Bromine in carbon tetrachloride
Nitrating mixture:
1mL concentrated nitric acid; 1mL concentrated sulfuric acid

Procedure

A. Test for Physical State

Characteristics Tube 1 – 10 drops of Tube 2 – 10 drops of
benzene toluene/xylene
Physical state Liquid Liquid
Color Clear Colorless Clear Colorless
Odor Sweet, gasoline-like odor Sweet, pungent aromatic
odor
Solubility in water Slightly soluble Insoluble
Density in water Less dense than water Less dense than water

B. Test for Chemical Properties

1. Combustion
Watch glass 1 – benzene Watch glass 2 – toluene
5 drops of benzene 5 drops of toluene
Ignite, then observe.
Observation: Observation:
Flammable that produces luminous Flammable that produces luminous
flame with soot. This aromatic flame with soot. This aromatic
compound burns with sooty flame due compound burns with sooty flame due
to incomplete combustion causing the to incomplete combustion causing the
formation of an unburned carbon. formation of an unburned carbon.

2. Oxidation
Tube 1 – benzene Tube 2 – toluene
5 drops of benzene 5 drops of toluene
10 drops of potassium permanganate 10 drops of potassium permanganate
Shake and heat for 10 minutes in a water bath. Observe for reaction.
Observation: Observation:
When the 5 drops of Benzene (C6H6) When 5 drops of toluene (C7H8) and
and 10 drops of Potassium 10 drops of potassium permanganate
Permanganate (KMnO4) is shaken and (KMnO4) is shaken and heated for 10
heated for 10 minutes in a water bath, minutes in a water bath, it will form a
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College of Medical Laboratory Science | OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY
there will be no reaction occur,
because only groups attached to
benzene can be oxidized by potassium
permanganate under typical
conditions. It is because of the
addition reaction (syn dihydroxylation)
in cold base or oxidative cleavage of
both C=C carbons following addition
of oxygen to the same face of the
planar alkene (to both carbons in syn
fashion) when the medium is acidic
and warm. The reason why there is no
reaction between Benzene and
Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) it
is because Benzene undergoes
substitution not addition.
benzoic acid, by dissolving it with a
phase transfer catalyst, the
permanganate in water, and shaking
the two immiscible liquids together.
The color would move from the water
to the toluene layers. Potassium
permanganate reacts with anything
unsaturated and reacts with alkenes to
form vicinal diols. It is also an
oxidizing agent which oxidized toluene
to benzoic acid. Inspite of the fact that
without adding heat no reaction will
occur.

3. Bromination
Tube 1 – Benzene Tube 2 – Toluene
5 drops of benzene 5 drops of toluene
5 drops of 0.5% Bromine in Carbon 5 drops of 0.5% Bromine in Carbon
tetrachloride tetrachloride
Add few iron filings Add few iron fillings
Shake and observe for the reaction.
Observation: Observation:
Benzene does not react with bromine. There is no reaction between toluene
The reason is that it will only react in with a halogen like bromine, however,
Bromine if there is a presence of there is also a possibility that it will
catalyst. Iron is not a catalyst because react if there is a presence of iron
it changes permanently during this bromide or a UV light. Two possible
reaction. Therefore, no reaction in this scenarios may happen. Toluene with
solution. the presence of iron bromide catalyst
at room temperature to give a mixture
of 2- and 4- substituted toluene.
Hydrogen atoms are replaced and then
proceeds as an electrophilic
substitution. Hence, this reaction can
happen at room temperature and their
product is p-Bromo toluene. On the
other hand, toluene with the presence
of UV light has also a reaction and
their product is benzyl bromide.

4. Nitration
Tube 1 – Benzene Tube 2 – Toluene
5 drops of benzene 5 drops of toluene
5 drops of nitrating mixtures 5 drops of nitrating mixture
Shake
Note the color formation of oily layer. If there is no reaction within 1 minutes,
place it in water bath at 50°c for 10 minutes.

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 College of Medical Laboratory Science | OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY

Observation:
Benzene reacts slower than toluene for
about half an hour and forms a yellow
oily layer, therefore the compound was
aromatic.
Observation:
Toluene reacts faster than benzene and
forms a yellow oily layer with brown,
therefore the compound was also
aromatic.

References

• Test for Physical State

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2015). Toxic Substances Portal - Toluene. Retrieved
November 27, 2020, from https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/phs/phs.asp?id=159&tid=29

Louisiana State University (n.d.). Toluene. Retrieved November 27, 2020, from
https://macro.lsu.edu/HowTo/solvents/toluene.htm

National Center for Biotechnology Information (2020). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 241,
Benzene. Retrieved November 27, 2020 from
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Benzene.

National Center for Biotechnology Information (2020). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 1140,
Toluene. Retrieved November 27, 2020 from
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Toluene.

• Test for Chemical Properties – Combustion

Cacas et al. (n.d.). CLASSIFICATION TESTS FOR HYDROCARBONS USING SOLUBILITY, IGNITION,
NITRATION, BAEYER’S TEST, BROMINE TEST AND BASIC OXIDATION TEST (p. 3, Rep.).
doi:http://docshare02.docshare.tips/files/24459/2445

• Test for Chemical Properties – Oxidation

Chemistry 4all (Director). (2017). How to make Benzoic acid from Toluene [Video file]. Retrieved
November 27, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FHiKok6tAOY

National Center for Biotechnology Information (2020). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 241,
Benzene. Retrieved November 27, 2020 from
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Benzene.

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College of Medical Laboratory Science | OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY
National Center for Biotechnology Information (2020). PubChem Compound Summary 516875,
Potassium permanganate. Retrieved November 27, 2020 from
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Potassium-permanganate#section=Information-
Sources

National Center for Biotechnology Information (2020). PubChem Compound Summary 1140, Toluene.
Retrieved November 27, 2020 from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Toluene

Properties of Hydrocarbons (n.d). Retrieved November 27, 2020, from

http://www.mendelset.com/articles/689/properties_hydrocarbons#5

• Test for Chemical Properties – Bromination

Clark. (2000). THE HALOGENATION OF BENZENE. Retrieved November 27, 2020, from
https://www.chemguide.co.uk/mechanisms/elsub/halogenation.html#:~:text=Benzene reacts with
chlorine or

Matt (2011). Properties of Hydrocarbons. Retrieved November 27, 2020, from

http://www.mendelset.com/articles/689/properties_hydrocarbons

• Test for Chemical Properties – Nitration

Banawis (2018). CLASSIFICATION_TEST_FOR_HYDROCARBONS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY.

Retrieved November 27, 2020, from https://www.studocu.com/en-au/document/our-lady-of-fatima-
university/organic-chemistry/summaries/classification-test-for-
hydrocarbons/2735547/view?fbclid=IwAR1hvQ9zxX1NE_1DZwDgY7FShtMfnbAYjc00UNd4W
7IPrW7h4KAzqawqzwk

Cacas et al. (n.d.). CLASSIFICATION TESTS FOR HYDROCARBONS USING SOLUBILITY, IGNITION,
NITRATION, BAEYER’S TEST, BROMINE TEST AND BASIC OXIDATION TEST (p. 3, Rep.).
doi:http://docshare02.docshare.tips/files/24459/2445

Clark. (2020). Nitration of Benzene and Methylbenzene. Retrieved November 27, 2020, from
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Organic_Ch
emistry)/Arenes/Reactivity_of_Arenes/Nitration_of_Benzene_and_Methylbenzene

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 College of Medical Laboratory Science | OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY

Distribution of tasks:
1. Banal, Audrey Pauleen
• Test for Chemical Properties - Nitration

2. Etolle, Allyanna Regina

• Test for Chemical Properties - Combustion

3. Marmito, Christine Ysabel

• Test for Chemical Properties - Bromination

4. Robles, Stephanie
• Test for Physical State

5. Seballos, Jan Mae

• Test for Chemical Properties - Oxidation

POST-ANALYTICAL PHASE

Cleaning and Disposal

Before leaving, the students must do all of the following:

o Returning of materials, chemicals and equipment
o Disposal of wastes materials.
o Disinfection of the working area
o The PPE of each individual should be removed properly. These cannot be exposed outside the
laboratory premises.
o Disposal of chemicals reaction residues in the experiment in their proper container or as instructed
by the faculty.
*Note that this phase is not applicable since we are having laboratory classes virtually.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA FOR PASSING

Outcome To achieve each outcome, the learner must

demonstrate the ability to:
To achieve this unit, the learner must: a. Research and record the appropriate products
1. Differentiate aromatic hydrocarbon in terms of: of the different test reactions.
a. Physical properties
b. Chemical Properties

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