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n Common Equations....................................................................................................... 29
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WHY EDMUND OPTICS®?
RELIABILITY
• We process and ship 95% of orders the same day
• With over 75 years in business, EO’s promise to customers is MORE OPTICS,
MORE TECHNOLOGY, AND MORE SERVICE
• #1 Preferred Supplier of Optical Components - Readex Research Survey
QUALITY
• ISO 9001 Certified and MIL-SPEC quality systems
• Complete testing and metrology services
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ANTI-REFLECTIVE (AR) COATINGS
Standard
StandardVisible
Visible Anti-Reflection Coatings
Anti-Reflection Coatings
5.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Wavelength (nm)
Wavelength (nm)
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ANTI-REFLECTIVE (AR) COATINGS
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700
Wavelength (nm)
Wavelength (nm)
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ANTI-REFLECTIVE (AR) COATINGS – MgF2
TypicalTypical
Reflectance Curve
Reflectance Curve
5
4.5
3.5
(%)
3
Reflectance (%)
Reflectance
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
380 430 480 530 580 630 680 730
Wavelength (nm)
Wavelength (nm)
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ANTI-REFLECTIVE (AR) COATINGS – UV-AR
TypicalTypical
Reflectance Curve
Reflectance Curve
5
4.5
3.5
(%)
3
Reflectance (%)
Reflectance
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
225 275 325 375 425 475
Wavelength (nm)
Wavelength (nm)
• Rabs ≤1.0% 250 - 425nm, Ravg ≤0.75% 250 - 425nm, Ravg ≤0.5% 370 - 420nm
• Frequently applied to UV fused silica lenses and windows
• Excellent broadband coverage from 250 - 425nm
• Optimized for 300nm for normal incidence
• Typical energy density limit: 3 J/cm2 @355nm, 10ns
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ANTI-REFLECTIVE (AR) COATINGS – UV-VIS
TypicalTypical
Reflectance Curve
Reflectance Curve
5
4.5
3.5
(%)
3
Reflectance (%)
Reflectance
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
200 300 400 500 600 700
Wavelength
Wavelength(nm)
(nm)
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ANTI-REFLECTIVE (AR) COATINGS – VIS-EXT
TypicalTypical
Reflectance Curve
Reflectance Curve
4.5
3.5
3
(%)
Reflectance (%)
2.5
Reflectance
1.5
0.5
0
350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700
Wavelength (nm)
Wavelength (nm)
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ANTI-REFLECTIVE (AR) COATINGS – VIS-NIR
TypicalTypical
Reflectance Curve
Reflectance Curve
5
4.5
3.5
(%)
3
Reflectance (%)
Reflectance
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
375 475 575 675 775 875 975 1075
Wavelength (nm)
Wavelength (nm)
• Rabs ≤0.25% 880nm, Ravg ≤1.25% 400 - 870nm, Ravg ≤1.25% 890 - 1000nm
• Broadband AR coating designed to yield maximum transmission (>99%) in both the visible and NIR
• Optimized for 890nm for normal incidence
• Typical energy density limit: 5 J/cm2 @532nm, 10ns
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ANTI-REFLECTIVE (AR) COATINGS – VIS 0˚
TypicalTypical
Reflectance Curve
Reflectance Curve
5
4.5
3.5
(%)
3
Reflectance (%)
Reflectance
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
375 425 475 525 575 625 675 725
Wavelength (nm)
Wavelength (nm)
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ANTI-REFLECTIVE (AR) COATINGS – YAG-BBAR
TypicalTypical
Reflectance Curve
Reflectance Curve
4.5
3.5
3
(%)
Reflectance (%)
2.5
Reflectance
1.5
0.5
0
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
Wavelength (nm)
Wavelength (nm)
• Rabs <0.25% 532nm, Rabs <0.25% 1064nm, Ravg <1.0% 500 - 1100nm
• Optimized to minimize reflection at 1064nm and 532nm
• Typical energy density limit: 5 J/cm2 @532nm, 10ns
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ANTI-REFLECTIVE (AR) COATINGS – NIR I
TypicalTypical
Reflectance Curve
Reflectance Curve
5
4.5
3.5
(%)
3
Reflectance (%)
Reflectance
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
550 650 750 850 950 1050
Wavelength (nm)
Wavelength (nm)
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ANTI-REFLECTIVE (AR) COATINGS – NIR II
TypicalTypical
Reflectance Curve
Reflectance Curve
5
4.5
3.5
(%)
3
Reflectance (%)
Reflectance
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700
Wavelength (nm)
Wavelength (nm)
• Rabs ≤1.5% 750 - 800nm, Rabs ≤1.0% 800 - 1550nm, Ravg ≤0.7% 750 - 1550nm
• Works at slightly longer wavelengths than the NIR I coating
• Commonly used with fiber optics, laser diode modules, and NIR LED lights
• Typical energy density limit: 8 J/cm2 @1064nm, 10ns
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ANTI-REFLECTIVE (AR) COATINGS – TELECOM-NIR
TypicalTypical
Reflectance Curve
Reflectance Curve
5
4.5
3.5
(%)
3
Reflectance (%)
Reflectance
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
1040 1140 1240 1340 1440 1540 1640 1740
Wavelength (nm)
Wavelength (nm)
• Rabs ≤0.25% 1295 - 1325nm, Rabs ≤0.25% 1535 - 1565nm, Ravg ≤0.25% 1200 - 1600nm
• Popular in telecommunications applications
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ANTI-REFLECTIVE (AR) COATINGS – SWIR
TypicalTypical
Reflectance Curve
Reflectance Curve
5
4.5
3.5
(%)
3
Reflectance (%)
Reflectance
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
850 950 1050 1150 1250 1350 1450 1550 1650 1750
Wavelength (nm)
Wavelength (nm)
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METALLIC MIRROR COATINGS
93.00
Reflectance
Reflectance (%)
93.00
91.00
91.00
89.00
89.00
87.00
87.00
85.00
85.00 1500 3500 5500 7500 9500 11500 13500
1500 3500 5500 7500 Wavelength (nm)9500 11500 13500
Wavelength (nm)
Wavelength (nm)
Protected Aluminum Enhanced Aluminum UV Ehanced Aluminum Protected Gold Protected Silver
Protected Aluminum
Range (μm) % Reflection Enhanced Aluminum
Range (μm) % Reflection UVRange
Ehanced
(μm)Aluminum Protected
% Reflection Range (μm) Gold% Reflection Range
Protected
(μm)Silver% Reflection
Range (μm) % Reflection85 Range (μm)
0.4 - 0.7 % Reflection95 Range (μm)
0.45 - 0.65 % Reflection89 Range (μm)
0.25 - 0.45 % Reflection96 Range (μm)
0.7 - 2.0 % Reflection98
0.45 - 2.0
0.4 - 0.7 0.45 - 0.65 95 0.25 - 0.45 0.7 - 2.0 0.45 - 2.0
0.4 - 2.0 85 90 – – 0.25 - 0.70 89 85 2.0 - 10.0 96 96 2.0 - 10.0 98 98
0.4 - 2.0 90 – – 0.25 - 0.70 85 2.0 - 10.0 96 2.0 - 10.0 98
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Reflectance (
93.00
91.00
89.00
87.00
METALLIC MIRROR COATINGS
85.00
1500 3500 5500 7500 9500 11500 13500
Wavelength (nm)
95.00
Reflectance
Reflectance
80.00
Reflectance (%)
93.00
70.00
91.00
60.00
89.00 250 450 650 850 1050 1250 1450
Wavelength (nm)
Wavelength (nm)
87.00
85.00 Protected Aluminum Enhanced Aluminum UV Ehanced Aluminum Protected Gold Protected Silver
1500 3500
Range (μm) % Reflection 5500
Range (μm) % Reflection7500Range (μm) % Reflection
9500 Range (μm) 11500
% Reflection 13500% Reflection
Range (μm)
0.4 - 0.7 85 0.45 - 0.65 95 Wavelength (nm)
0.25 - 0.45 89 0.7 - 2.0 96 0.45 - 2.0 98
0.4 - 2.0 90 – – 0.25 - 0.70 85 2.0 - 10.0 96 2.0 - 10.0 98
Protected Aluminum Enhanced Aluminum UV Ehanced Aluminum Protected Gold Protected Silver
Range (μm) % Reflection Range (μm) % Reflection Range (μm) % Reflection Range (μm) % Reflection Range (μm) % Reflection
0.4 - 0.7 85 0.45 - 0.65 95 0.25 - 0.45 89 0.7 - 2.0 96 0.45 - 2.0 98
0.4 - 2.0 90 – – 0.25 - 0.70 85 2.0 - 10.0 96 2.0 - 10.0 98
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METALLIC MIRROR COATINGS – PROTECTED GOLD
TypicalTypical
Reflectance Curve
Reflectance Curve
100
90
80
70
(%)
60
Reflectance (%)
Reflectance
50
40
Reflection @ 0˚
30
Reflection @ 0˚
Reflection @@45˚
Reflection 45˚ p p
20
Reflection @@45˚
Reflection 45˚ s s
10
0
300 1300 2300 3300 4300 5300 6300 7300
Wavelength (nm)
Wavelength (nm)
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METALLIC MIRROR COATINGS – PROTECTED SILVER
TypicalTypical
Reflectance Curve
Reflectance Curve
100
98
96
94
(%)
92
Reflectance (%)
Reflectance
90
88
Reflection @ 0˚
86
Reflection @ 0˚
Reflection
Reflection @ 45˚
@ 45˚ p p
84
Reflection
Reflection @ 45˚
@ 45˚ s s
82
80
300 1300 2300 3300 4300 5300 6300 7300 8300 9300
Wavelength (nm)
Wavelength (nm)
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METALLIC MIRROR COATINGS – PROTECTED ALUMINUM
TypicalTypical
Reflectance Curve
Reflectance Curve
100
90
80
70
(%)
60
Reflectance (%)
Reflectance
50
40
Reflection @ 0˚
30
Reflection @ 0˚
Reflection
Reflection@ 45˚p p
@ 45˚
20
Reflection
Reflection@ 45˚s s
@ 45˚
10
0
300 1300 2300 3300 4300 5300 6300
Wavelength (nm)
Wavelength (nm)
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METALLIC MIRROR COATINGS – ENHANCED ALUMINUM
Typical Reflectance
Typical Curve
Reflectance Curve
100
90
80
70
(%)
60
Reflectance (%)
Reflectance
50
40
Reflection @ 0˚
30
Reflection @ 0˚
Reflection
Reflection@ 45˚p p
@ 45˚
20
Reflection @ 45˚ s
Reflection @ 45˚ s
10
0
400 450 500 550 600 650 700
Wavelength (nm)
Wavelength (nm)
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METALLIC MIRROR COATINGS – UV ENHANCED ALUMINUM
TypicalTypical
Reflectance Curve
Reflectance Curve
100
90
80
70
(%)
60
Reflectance (%)
Reflectance
50
40
Reflection @ 0˚
30 Reflection @ 0˚
Reflection
Reflection@ 45˚p p
@ 45˚
20
Reflection
Reflection@ 45˚s s
@ 45˚
10
0
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Wavelength (nm)
Wavelength (nm)
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RELATIVE COATING COST
VIS 0° 1.22
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DIELECTRIC MIRROR COATINGS – 400 - 750nm
60
Reflectance
50
40
30
20 0° AOI
10 45° AOI
0
350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850
Wavelength (nm)
Wavelength (nm)
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DIELECTRIC MIRROR COATINGS – 750 - 1100nm
60
Reflectance
50
40
30
20 0° AOI
10 45° AOI
0
650 750 850 950 1050 1150 1250
Wavelength (nm)
Wavelength (nm)
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DIELECTRIC MIRROR COATINGS – VUV AND DUV
95
90
(%)
Reflection(%)
85
Reflectance
80
75
70 VUV Coated
DUV Coated
65
120 320 520 720 920 1120 1320 1520 1720 1920 2120 2320 2520
Wavelength (nm)
Wavelength (nm)
• VUV Coating: Ravg ≥78% @ 120 - 125nm, Ravg ≥85% @ 120 - 600nm
• DUV Coating: Ravg ≥88% @ 190 - 195nm, Ravg ≥85% @ 200 - 600nm
• Designed for 0° AOI
• Maintains a broadband reflectance throughout the UV and visible spectrum
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OTHER COATING CAPABILITIES
• Filters – Fluorescence, Dichroic, Narrow
Bandpass, Multi-Bandpass, Notch, Edge
(SWP and LWP)
• Laser V-Coatings and Double V-Coatings
• Beamsplitters – Polarizing, Non-Polarizing
• ITO Conductive
• “Hot” and “Cold” Dielectric Mirrors
• Specialized Designs – Build-to-Print,
Custom Design and Development for UV,
Visible, Infrared (NIR, MWIR, SWIR, LWIR)
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COMMON EQUATIONS
Fresnel Equations Abbe Number
n1 cosθi – n2 cosθt 2
nD – 1
Rs= VD =
n1 cosθi + n2 cosθt nF – nC
n1 cosθt – n2 cosθi 2
Thin-Film AR Coating Index
Rp=
n1 cosθt + n2 cosθi for 0% Reflectance
n1 – n2 2
nf = (n0 nS)1/2
At normal incidence: R =
n1 + n2
where nf is the index of the film, n0 is the index of the
incident material (1 for air), and ns is the substrate index
Critical Angle for TIR
Snell’s Law
n2
θC = sin-1 where n1>n2
n1 n1 sinθ = n2 sinθ
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REFLECTANCE FROM AIR TO N-BK7
90
Rs
80
Rp
70
60
Brewester’s angle
Reflectance (%)
Reflectance (%)
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
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REFLECTANCE FROM N-BK7 TO AIR
90
Rs
80
Rp
70
60
Reflectance (%)
Reflectance (%)
Critical angle
50
40
Range of total internal reflection
30
20
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
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MgF2 PERFORMANCE ON DIFFERENT MATERIALS
2.5
2
(%)
Reflectance(%)
Reflectance
1.5
1 BK7
SF57
Fused Silica
0.5 LAK22
Sapphire
0
400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800
Wavelength (nm)
Wavelength (nm)
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EO GLASS SHOP MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Refractive Abbe Density Coefficient of Max Operating
Material
Index (nd) Number (vd) (g/cm3) Thermal Expansion Temp (°C)
N-BK7 1.517 64.20 2.46 7.10 557
FUSED SILICA 1.458 67.70 2.20 0.55 1000
N-SF57 1.847 23.80 5.51 8.30 414
N-SF11 1.785 25.80 5.41 6.20 503
N-LAK22 1.651 55.89 3.73 6.60 689
N-F2 1.620 36.40 3.61 8.20 432
N-SF6 1.805 25.39 3.37 9.00 605
BOROFLOAT ®
1.472 65.70 2.20 3.25 450
N-LASF9 1.850 32.20 4.44 7.40 698
N-BAK4 1.569 56.10 3.10 7.00 555
N-LAK8 1.713 53.83 3.75 5.60 643
S-FSL5 1.487 70.20 2.46 9.00 457
B270 1.523 58.50 2.55 8.20 533
N-SF2 1.648 33.90 3.86 8.40 441
N-SF15 1.699 30.20 2.92 8.04 580
N-LASF44 1.803 46.40 4.46 6.20 666
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WAVELENGTH AND FREQUENCY CONVERSION CHART
Visible Wavelength Frequency Wave Number Common
Color Å nm µm (THz) (cm-1) Source
1 930 193 0.193 1 553.3288 51 813.4715 ArF Excimer
2 480 248 0.248 1 208.8406 40 322.5806 KrF Excimer
2 660 266 0.266 1 127.0393 37 593.9850 Nd:YAG
3 080 308 0.308 973.3521 32 467.5325 XeCl Excimer
3 371 337.1 0.3371 889.3280 29 664.7879 N2
3 510 351 0.351 854.1096 28 490.0285 Ar-Ion or XeF Excimer
3 550 355 0.355 844.4858 28 169.0141 Nd:YAG or Nd:YVO4
4 050 405 0.405 740.2283 24 691.3580 InGaN Diode
4 579 457.9 0.4579 654.7116 21 838.8294 Ar-Ion
4 861 486.1 0.4861 616.7300 20 571.8988 Fraunhofer F Line (H)
4 880 488 0.488 614.3288 20 491.8033 Ar-Ion or Xe or InGaAs Diode
5 145 514.5 0.5145 582.6870 19 436.3460 Ar-Ion
5 320 532 0.532 563.5197 18 796.9925 Nd:Yag or Nd:YVO4
5 876 587.6 0.5876 510.1982 17 018.3799 Fraunhofer d Line (He)
6 328 632.8 0.6328 473.7555 15 802.7813 He:Ne
6 350 635 0.635 472.1141 15 748.0315 AlGaInP Diode
6 563 656.3 0.6563 456.7918 15 236.9343 Fraunhofer C Line (H)
6 600 660 0.66 454.2310 15 151.5152 AlGaInP Diode
7 800 780 0.78 384.3493 12 820.5128 AlGaAs Diode
8 085 808.5 0.8085 370.8008 12 368.5838 InGaAsP Diode
8 300 830 0.83 361.1957 12 048.1928 AlGaAs Diode
9 800 980 0.98 305.9107 10 204.0816 InGaAs or InGaAsP Diode
10 640 1064 1.064 281.7598 9 398.4962 Nd:Yag or Nd:YVO4
12 900 1290 1.29 232.3973 7 751.9380 InGaAsP Diode
15 500 1550 1.55 193.4145 6 451.6129 InGaAsP Diode
106 000 10600 10.6 28.2823 943.3962 CO2
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SPHERICAL LENS MANUFACTURING CAPABILITIES
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ASPHERIC LENS MANUFACTURING CAPABILITIES
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OPTICAL PRISM MANUFACTURING CAPABILITIES
Prism Physical Angle Tolerance ±3 arcmin ±30 arcsec 45º & 90º ±0.5 arcsec
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