PRIVATE SCHOOL SAINT MOISE BURKINA FASO

CLASS: 1st A4
UNITY – PROGRESS – JUSTICE
SCHOOL YEAR: 2024 – 2025

SPEECH
TOPIC: HUMANITARY AID

MEMBER’S GROUP N°
NEYA Beli

TAMBOURA SAMIRA

ZAGRE CEDRIC

TRAORE KADIDIATA

KONKOBO BENEWENDE NOEMI

SOME SERGINE

TEACHER’S NAME: Mr. KABORE

PLAN

INTRODUCTION

I) DEFINITION

II) FORM OF PUBLIC DEVELOPMENT AID

1. BILATERAL AID

2. MULTILATERAL AID

III) THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

1. THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

2. THE ROLE OF THE WORLD BANK

IV) PROBLEMS AND ADVANTAGES OF PUBLIC DEVELOPMENT AID

1. PROBLEMS OF PUBLIC DEVELOPMENT AID

2. THE ADVATAGE OF PUBLIC DEVELOPEMENT AID

CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION

Humanitarian aid is a way of coming to the aid of populations victims of an exceptional

crisis. These populations may, for example, be affected by a natural disaster or war.
We distinguish between humanitarian aid, or emergency aid, and development aid,
provided to poor countries in the long term. This aid can take several forms: donating
money, goods and essential equipment but also sending specialized personnel to carry
out on-site interventions, to support local actors.

I) DEFINITION

According to anthropologist Sylvie Bodineau, humanitarian aid, broadly speaking,

is defined by material and human assistance operations to come to the aid of
people suffering the repercussions of natural disasters and wars.

II) FORM OF PUBLIC DEVELOPMENT AID

1. BILATERAL AID

Bilateral aid refers to the provision of financial, technical, or other assistance directly
from one government to another government, or to organizations or individuals within
that country, with the aim of promoting development, addressing humanitarian needs,
or achieving mutual objectives. It involves a direct relationship between two parties :
the donor country or organization and the recipient country.

Bilateral aid can take various forms, including grants, loans, technical assistance, and
expertise sharing. Donor countries typically provide bilateral aid based on their foreign
policy objectives, economic interests, and commitment to international development
goals. Recipient countries may use bilateral aid to fund projects related to infrastructure
development, healthcare, education, poverty reduction, governance, or other areas of
need.
Bilateral aid allows donor countries to have more control over how their aid is utilized
and enables them to build stronger diplomatic ties with recipient countries. However, it
can also be criticized for being influenced by political motives or self-interest, and for
sometimes bypassing local institutions and priorities.

2. MULTILATERAL AID

Multilateral aid refers to financial assistance provided by multiple countries or

international organizations to support development projects or address global
challenges in recipient countries. Unlike bilateral aid, which involves direct assistance
from one country to another, multilateral aid involves contributions pooled together
from various donors and channeled through international institutions such as the
United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), regional development
banks, and other specialized agencies.

III) THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTION

1. THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) plays a crucial role in the global financial
system, primarily focusing on fostering monetary cooperation, ensuring stability in
exchange rates, facilitating balanced economic growth, and providing resources to
member countries in need. Here are some key functions and roles of the IMF:

➢ Surveillance and Monitoring

The IMF regularly monitors economic and financial developments in its member
countries and the global economy as a whole. It provides analysis, forecasts, and
policy advice to help countries maintain stable and sustainable economic policies.

➢ Financial Assistance
One of the primary functions of the IMF is to provide temporary financial assistance to
member countries facing balance of payments problems. This assistance is aimed at
helping countries address short-term imbalances in their international accounts,
restore stability, and implement necessary economic reforms.

➢ Technical Assistance and Capacity Building

The IMF provides technical assistance and training to member countries to help them
strengthen their capacity in areas such as fiscal policy, monetary policy, financial
regulation, and data management. This assistance is crucial for building institutional
frameworks and improving policy effectiveness.

➢ Policy Advice and Conditionality

In exchange for financial assistance, the IMF typically requires countries to implement
specific policy measures and reforms, known as conditionality. These conditions are
aimed at addressing underlying economic imbalances and promoting sustainable
growth. IMF policy advice covers a wide range of areas including fiscal policy, monetary
policy, exchange rate policy, structural reforms, and governance issues.

➢ Research and Analysis

The IMF conducts research on various economic and financial topics and publishes
reports and working papers to contribute to global economic knowledge. Its research
helps policymakers understand emerging issues, trends, and challenges in the global
economy.

➢ Crisis Prevention and Resolution

The IMF plays a key role in crisis prevention by providing early warning signals, policy
advice, and technical assistance to help countries strengthen their economic
fundamentals and resilience to external shocks. In times of crisis, the IMF can also
facilitate international coordination and provide financial support to restore stability and
confidence in the affected countries.

➢ Promotion of International Monetary Cooperation

The IMF serves as a forum for international monetary cooperation and dialogue among
its member countries. It provides a platform for discussing global economic issues,
coordinating policy responses, and promoting cooperation on international monetary
matters.

2. THE ROLE OF WORLD BANK

The World Bank is an international development organization owned by 187 countries.

Its role is to reduce poverty by lending money to the governments of its poorer
members to improve their economies and to improve the standard of living of their
people.

The Bank is also one of the world's largest research centers in development. It has
specialized departments that use this knowledge to advise countries in areas like
health, education, nutrition, finance, justice, law and the environment.

Another part of the Bank, the World Bank Institute, offers training to government and
other officials in the world through local research and teaching institutions.

IV) PROBLEMS AND ADVANTAGES OF PUBLIC DEVELOPMENT AID

1. PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT PUBLIC AID

Public development aid faces several challenges, which can vary depending on the
context and the specific goals of aid programs. Some common problems include:

➢ Effectiveness

One of the primary challenges is ensuring that aid actually achieves its intended
outcomes in terms of poverty reduction, economic development, and social progress.
Sometimes aid projects fail to deliver results due to poor planning, implementation
issues, corruption, or lack of coordination among donors and recipients.

➢ Corruption

Corruption can divert aid resources away from their intended purposes and undermine
the effectiveness of development efforts. Both donors and recipients may be implicated
in corrupt practices, leading to misallocation of funds and lack of accountability.
 ➢ Dependency

A persistent challenge in aid-dependent countries is the risk of fostering dependency

on external assistance rather than promoting self-sufficiency and sustainable
development. If aid is not accompanied by efforts to build local capacity and
institutions, it can perpetuate a cycle of dependency that hampers long-term
development.

➢ Conditionality

Donors often attach conditions to their aid, such as economic or political reforms, which
can be controversial and sometimes counterproductive. Conditionality may infringe on
recipient countries' sovereignty and lead to resentment or resistance if the conditions
are perceived as unfair or inappropriate.

➢ Fragmentation and Coordination

The proliferation of donors and aid agencies can result in fragmentation, duplication of
efforts, and lack of coordination among stakeholders. This can lead to inefficiencies,
gaps in coverage, and conflicting priorities, undermining the overall effectiveness of
aid.

➢ Short-term Focus

Donors and aid agencies may prioritize short-term gains or quick-fix solutions over
long-term sustainable development. This can result in projects that are not aligned with
the needs and priorities of local communities or that fail to address underlying structural
issues.

➢ Lack of Ownership and Participation

Development projects are more likely to succeed when they are designed and
implemented with the active participation and ownership of local communities and
governments. However, there is often a lack of meaningful engagement and
consultation with local stakeholders, leading to projects that are disconnected from the
realities on the ground.

➢ Environmental and Social Impacts

Aid projects can have unintended negative consequences for the environment and
local communities if proper environmental and social safeguards are not in place. This
includes issues such as displacement of populations, loss of biodiversity, and
environmental degradation.

2. THE ADVANTAGE OF DEVELOPEMENT AID

Public development aid, often provided by governments or intergovernmental

organizations, offers several advantages:

➢ poverty reduction

One of the primary goals of development aid is poverty reduction. By providing

resources for education, healthcare, infrastructure, and other essential services, aid
programs can help lift people out of poverty.

➢ Healthcare Improvement

Development aid can support healthcare infrastructure, disease prevention, and

access to essential medical services. This can lead to improved health outcomes,
reduced mortality rates, and better overall well-being in recipient countries.

➢ Education Enhancement

Aid can be directed towards improving educational systems, building schools, training
teachers, and providing educational resources. This contributes to increased literacy
rates, better access to quality education, and improved skills among the population,
which in turn can lead to higher economic productivity.

➢ Infrastructure Development
Aid can be used to build or improve infrastructure such as roads, bridges, ports, and
telecommunications networks. Better infrastructure facilitates economic growth by
reducing transportation costs, improving market access, and attracting investment.

➢ Humanitarian Assistance

Development aid often includes humanitarian assistance in response to natural

disasters, conflicts, and other emergencies. This aid provides immediate relief to
affected populations, including food, shelter, medical care, and other essentials.

➢ Promotion of Good Governance

Many aid programs include support for governance reforms, institution-building, and
capacity development. By promoting transparency, accountability, and the rule of law,
aid can contribute to more effective and accountable governance structures.

➢ Fostering Economic Growth

Development aid can stimulate economic growth by providing financing for small
businesses, supporting entrepreneurship, and promoting sustainable agricultural
practices. This can create employment opportunities, increase incomes, and reduce
dependency on foreign assistance over time.

➢ Environmental Protection

Some aid programs focus on environmental conservation, sustainable resource

management, and climate change adaptation. By promoting sustainable development
practices, aid can help mitigate environmental degradation and build resilience to
environmental challenges.

➢ Promotion of Peace and Stability

Development aid can contribute to peacebuilding and conflict prevention efforts by

addressing root causes of instability such as poverty, inequality, and social exclusion.
By promoting economic development and social cohesion, aid can help build more
peaceful and stable societies.
 CONCLUSION

Humanitarian aid is a moral imperative and a collective obligation to our fellow human
beings in need. By tackling challenges with determination and adopting inclusive and
sustainable approaches, we can better respond to humanitarian crises and work
together for a fairer and more united world.