° JEENEETSTORE.COM ? | oe | ee ee Qo , 9Q | ie Gere Kore a oO _ | 9 _ | OQ the schapler aunly heals with 8 4 speed | seachon ot Apeed Moderate - Rusking-of 7 imposition Of Hab, iron —_ ae IyOy > 38 +Lo; —¥ a _ a men rary ———_ — -- Complex: —- <_Singee step Mui step -to JEENEETSTORE.COM Q _ 9 o Elementary 9° Complex 9 : ° ~ Eg! 2ND —> NiO, Eg: 2ND +03 —2NO, — Q ° Q _ oO 4 r c A en ae - 6 —S—— a) - a) @ @ @ in ho: of maaan © Timetaken Go "dt © 2 ——_—__—-- ne) _ ~ ____ Ao - — = Change Wn eGintentraHon di : taken dO OD MTs oO \ O _ _ = x im preduve dp o QO tims taken dr c xo- ~~ AHN Py (5 c cQ JEENEETSTORE.COM oO 5 2A+ 3B ——> 4¢ 9 — a o For the Reactant, ; CG we define Role of Disoppearawus + : c 7 = - C For the Products, & ~ _ ie + Rate of lisa aac bay ore vt dis apples BO fe Rate of 4 : 18 - (3), g a _ Ra - = me 2 a ~ x =nS JEENEETSTORE.COM | Comparing, yates of rxNe 3 2A+3R 4c - Oo - 7 2 => (-aln\. 1 (at) 1 {aia Oo - Zar TS Vat ~# Vat ty a Oo Thu, for _ oO ak + 6B — > cC 1 p-alal) 1 ail) = atat tata | - 120) Se ax * 03 . | @ : —b ie} —* @ - = 4 [habs] = 2 ae oe 5 8 a 3 cepa upon Fae balandi AK” 3 a nafs at — SEER ris equal a a of appearone TO _ valis’@ppeararnce dkided by the steichiametic 9 - Aboelficiem ° A _ If balome Ss, ik nor given then balomee iF wi ith nina integral _eatticienlt 0. _JEENEETSTORE. COM 5 Se - oO. _ Rate 9 = | 2 ey “Shigeo oa overa period At om ins tot ~ Q “oh vine al Hine a -ata) — ar iven seachon 2At3B oe 7 8X10 3 molesin lowin aed apap ear we me OO __b) Rate of AX oe Ald xin “Freeh Tou gS - _ be ee 1 AL 2x 197 & MmJEENEETSTORE.COM °6 = : Q ° » Fine ade wisappeo rane g Nis » between . 5t0-10 mim oO and _10 4020-1 * 08 Qo = a o o time Gin > 5 a) -ACNHs]. 9-04M min (b) a at - @ — - oO + N,OH decomposes jmtn NO, aya 02 + Concentrator o|_ © — N30, at brug era tdsqduen by ° [Nobel = N208),6 here — SDN = 2M - 8 kee 10S 5 Sand t= 2x1D%s ing seifp Dhind ay > ©! preusion of (NOI, pat sy C4 o — ¥ - 5 ar Elots aS tu 6 _ it Oe a (Nps] at tzakints 2 | Ccz Ror= tx (-d 5],) = _ ~ at - = ke Sty IN} __ 4 . c ROR ar t=104 =>) 10” _ - 0 _ oe : e _ a a a eh *y - ALITER ° — 7 oo wba af [Ns], et ete mat indie b So Intantoneows PS airecty optional — ~ +he * prods ga WOU Of Yeactonta varied — the power, 0e munberé which are donning imental. - - ee +bB sce - — - a Lo) gl tt . - T Bake (Ga) agr® a© JEENEETSTORE.COM sae g Oo Here, , Oo ; pi Order’ with remeek to A a Yi Order with gy peor to B oO —_ _ 0 p+y: Order of Teatkion » O — Note: » The order ‘pra’ roa be positive, 3S _ Zero s a — _ _@ a - e S —e ~ @ . ———@ ee @ oS wo a eonitanr, ave Merged with proparensthy sontonr 5 Oo ey Roe oe lt or 95 Rare o (pa) Cpay O> (2 JO Ja . JEENEETSTORE.COM ° /o — — 0 Solid ° © Gey O26) ——7 OB) - - oO 5 = Rate «& [qq [o.]” => Rate & [02] ~Conktonir ‘for orm Avast a The rate of rx" varies wren a lu Akg carbon isused ratng Fe te oer aka cay bow” & é TGRFER See Rate x [4a] Here, Rate compe Yeplaid by omy of the _foliauing a t Apes - Oo” at afal dts] -t al oO” = ate) — adte ” at bak at c a v ~ a a OP S Spt oy - ' The 1 Hon Leiba hoary On pene an oy. _ ooJEENEETSTORE.COM % * oe ro) = [A= 3 O [Ale igs xo Cc Cheenge—in-Concentralon.. 3S = KAJEENEETSTORE.COM a “Hem, _ = ETAT RR 1 ChayactevisHier 2} zero order seacen 1 Umit of k (Yaletonttaml J are ppt nit SPP PPP PIolalalolis o ¢ a 2 Com pletumn Hime = 9 — es ‘ 7 _** 7 7 Cre Gy inte wonder be tht Ath iT 4ud 1 a focr tok Cheat AD Of Born of rear hodJEENEETSTORE.COM * © — ° i oO 5. Rat is indle penolemd > wonecensralon and oO sime. eo 7 _ a) 6 Time Oo £t 2t =t Q Con too 90 90 7 O° a TAs], [a-kt Calakt, [AT Skt Oo ——=_concentratinn of reactant after eq me interval S if YY NE const ay AP ae 2 n difterene © _ a SKE’ _ a TEE = 2 Graphical Reptésentalion of a 2 - @ ae AO mee ~S — war o 7 A 5 & ae o . 3 9 2} 5 o oO 6 clolalolalol .JEENEETSTORE.COM e 4% Standard Zero Order Reactors : IO JO JO|Sj elo o & 4, Enayme Catalusod Reaction 7 Ot Enzyme + Substrate ——> EnSw- _ : | _ _ : oo enayme + “rode? he enzymu Temain ungniurd nine Ye react —_ ame thud the vate conitage g ro Ke fee) rare rion 3g 7 7 Heve ,=0 04. when the veonten tala 9 a cubshale isincreadrd “Whe enapmea SHV —_ rn lee the frac” ‘in sanggopes ee _ ‘ AO! ‘vata ihereaw oa the cone ~ ennyme TS See bub vemarn constant” “trys ur sine reaction , ee & ae he suf cand Reaclien — FINK SE ere “reaction rote 2 ath. he a ne The rate remains constant through O _the_reacn ast _photow @ incident over O 7 tho comple Imeach mt iWerval jsgamne- ° ~ (Pp Fol r ss O _ re (photeintenai ty) [at] a & conttant 4h 7 re 3 é — — “s e (B)__ Firat order Reackien ° oY 7 NA ——S Produc! J a 7 =: 7 ~ATAT - KER] —e 7 de «t ! ~ - e fi [4], - TA, = [AL {ire FOlATOLOL SO__JEENEETSTORE.CC COM ~ * “ Characleri hz ii ) Oh falJEENEETSTORE.COM % oO 2 o (v) Concentration Ah reax toma 5 After ‘equak 3 _ Anierval ltr corctitul a GP with oO common Talo y,e7** Oo _ _ oO Time oat rt SP Pa ~ -- foo 04x10 (o-4)*100 _ (b4)>100 oO TAY, tye Fae [ne oO - : - e — _ - @ OW) tayg= Ha thy | E . a #22 for & o — : k 7 a = kt hk == AIT eG eOCeHe G10] Ol ola JEENEETSTORE.COM 17 ant) =n TAT RE kn rly O19] OQ} oll — a Oo ~ o c 7 o_ — a? a G ty 4M : _ _ a 7 > 2 Hime ¢ 6 a ul v a - Rok 7m = oa 2: _ Acid caraliged eysibigs ‘opester. _ _o. oP HYJEENEETSTORE.COM i (CV, Second Order: Reachon * — Cosel: when only 7 reactant is present, | nA ——> Poduck dp. Kl ar __ 1 Ta a M A= time! ~ Fa 3 3 J Oo 5 Noob 2 kt 5 TAL TA 8 a sl ° a oe : Oo : Cin ns +t - _ 6 ; oe 2 = 3 3 - vy Tae (Ale Pk 3 20° JEENEETSTORE.COM ~ 8 Conwentrah Of reac ranks _dtreregual time infervo)_worwtitule wa HP. ; Hme ° 4+ 2k ; a 4 Liuk ae conc: (Aly TAI, _ rai’ fal, Graphical Representation’ . x, : rae | etal? -din. kl ~ > ve k (faa _ i - Px > x Pa = TAT. om ~ [A, 5! _ . 7 > _ 2 ; a OM aJEENEETSTORE.COM * ce eee — £ / Cc - Easels Reactions involving mor than me c - reactant. _* _ Cc - Conditions: re ¢ - 4. Only Pwo reackmls sare considered - ©} - - “2: Ovder with Teipeat 4 each reaclowr ist “C é __ %. @ Stoichiomerric coefficenr of each | a _ Acactank ore Sore: @ | oe | _ —_@ | - - eo ~ CO A+B a > Produch € [er ang’ 3 ~d fal. 1 _ ¢ conten PIO _kfaltaT — [ei - e efecto or 8 ome - 2 e — : -e - S oO = 6 G Cc | 22JEENEETSTORE.COM 2 -d TA) = ratte) - oe k [al [B] Hb bb piojajolallea ow [Al = a-x -d{al 2 ax _ oe ae ar at — Heme a oT du =k (a) (bY _ i . Tw x an - : eid _ considering «7 war 2 [bal - - aos "Suppose x a oe ; -JEENEETSTORE.COM 22 (>) om order Reaukons) ee pa Product -dT = kta” atm : => (dal. (kat po) (AK a > 1 _ ty) OO OIClOlOKe Oo TAKS 24os order of Mme yearn __fotionmnrg — qropivcal Aepresemtatian Po > Checking the -fory sta derived _premiously _poverthe reachon < ‘ ucleter-mine Hogs Fe Conilart = Priority: 1 re Ser ne - a orderJEENEETSTORE.COM tp S bo jo © 2: Using tn method » We know Hr ht % | | as 4a => Gah. Smal G@yd> Ua) ©3P PP lololole|a ° 3 Inrhal Rate Method : 3 Experiment 1: 0-4 ~~ Expeiner 2! Oe | 26JEENEETSTORE.COM *s | % Calculaton of FirAr Order: Role constant + t + Pressure “velated information isgiven . oo 1NE — Ag) —> Bids CD ff ks Ph 2 A [Al ery) to ht hh We _can experimentally detersrime We following data & ae : < Gy) By Fetal ital premure tga ruta pressure af ome —____i)__ Pap__ fetal initia pressure_wrenalmotr : _ v Yk SEP, oF Pee) is given alone with Sa AHH Pp l|slolo owJEENEETSTORE.COM am Case il? ILinery gaa is presen -arrel irs pressure a is diven long! with Psl Pe aS Well as O — _ — oO a Only the factor to be aoumted is that, 0 ——*’ papacbro-eompriset oP inertgar 22. _ i ie) _ OQ Coxelil: LE Pe Pa and atl are given and @ noth is metHoned abour prewrne oF bd f — g ® Inert Gos: x _ __ 28JEENEETSTORE. COM 9 ; DAG) ——> dB) + Cay _ 5 200 ‘ ° d 200 -* a “a > P= 200 = (Pal, + Pinerr _ 3 Pe = aor = (Pays MHP Pe = pe - Hence, (Pay, = __-eQ?_ > —Tifvation ‘readings i= ! MOD 9 _Decoropo sition et Ha0 2 IN? rder is COMIcley wove G)- ~*~ / z amount of bd, is taken omdis. cae with +he helpot Kno er aJEENEETSTORE.COM * ¢ £ 20 ¢ oe Brel. G € Had. 7 ¢ me =m | =f ‘Now, 04 per lawof equivalence Sc kMn 04 : ak t=0- lee, Ye 2 [Hs], 5x = [kKMnG]X Ma” Me * - © amet * 20> 6 _ dat t= 20min a ae — & Tho. xen) = TARE Vo : oo a - - e — © o + ) 7 aw ° fn [WOT] on f Vo) ° £ Coma Oe 8 7 6 ° 6 oO 2/210 [Ololol° JEENEETSTORE.COM 29 a ESSE en ° — > Acid cal L ed Hyd 1A co} Es fer 7 —_ 2 talystd Ryobypisof — - eg eb Hg He "oo ep Ho teo a g _ : =f a-% = 00 0 : the HF uel an the colalsr im re abow ‘ rearn « Thus, [nt } remains conkrdmr amd since H.0 is a aplventy . Volume ¢ DF NaOW sed pends nit th Ht ab i au dors Volume df Naot reacted ——— wit \\oDH| JEENEETSTORE.COM 6 | - oc & | o Qua > CHZCOCH git ty | a cH3COcHg! FHL Oo c © The cortevhatimm —K= 1 4 [edetone|, tga 0 of 1 is More Wan Guekoe, face tone}, on Oo Boodto home nonzerd _ | 4 Orrnourar of ble - | CHSCOCHs 4.1 ——> CHACOCHI HT - a = ie *: — @ - - obra ee _o < _ — —_ e = Vo lune th kp. 0 co _ e wed —— vy, Veo - <3 _ ie | - . Ve Vn e ee ee — _ =. Va = Vou e e oe oS — eS oO oO 6 t __ Volume & Ve Vey vege Bed - _C reagent reacts wit) _ 7 DAA ond ¢ ; - 32oO JEENEETSTORE.COM 31 Ce __ 7 _ ~ 9 We must Consider ine ne factors ad, a TAN BANA: _ ° =, - : _ c ann & Vo c (arn yn + Te FHHCT VE & ~ > T + — c = If aptcal rotation 2 given « an £ ~ ~ es — ¢ — > Inversion of Cone Sugai ‘ — : Galzi0n + Ha0 Be Sethe + Cone a Uyer See Frustos ( Sugar : * quite rus tode {20 a eo ° ° - a oa — € cas a eae32 JEENEETSTORE.COM o = — Q _ o 3: ime > 0. + - Oo Rokdion r “diag too” —* a % © 3a Q _ tee ke oO [r= WG-0) +kkax 7 fo = bdth,a Oo fe a he HT 2 — f— tp = % . - . _ _ _ Kets ky a ~ 2 ___ Hence , ° : \ a=Yelky = Vefigna ~ : 2 ¢ \ O-n= hy Ye = Yolkatka) “Tek ad | | 2 Kr th Ona kg-k) kr 7 | +s ® I ~ (CO * - - 7 2 _ ~ = — oS ~ ~ ao 6 _ 5 = ZO 1 In [tort | By sign —_ oO _ 7 t— Uae Tt “OQ QDJEENEETSTORE.COM 33 aia 9 fhiest @ever WRratier Keacrions: WO | aI|o|9J]alo . at ot ar Se a ~ z fe di. aia] : ‘ o wae Weknow trols oe RoR= ABI. *k, (4) alt S dtc] =k) i ROR AO" - NR kota a Se oe ars @ ket ~ ~ => [ LAK 35JEENEETSTORE.COM aa ° 6 Now, you ey o a _ dele kK fle” oO _ cm oO — — oO __ =p (B)s ki py fy tne] ° Kwa PT Je ° Sinaboly ~ a. 5 le] = Re —teyrkayt), a: JEENEETSTORE.COM 88 & a _ ° Now, if mand k, ware Tat -conlat wrt reali oO ° yd) otal amd “1 dicjow, ta] _ i bn War & —— / ee Hence TB), _ : tly = Note. RR. eecd Ke RR — —— - ata] = ~aoga rata} ) SRT z dr & ES —Bka= ¥45,25 7030 JEENEETSTORE.COM iv", 3° oO _ Q o Neve ri ble Reaclions ut 7 _ ky _ _ __9 ae =e 0 a bo - . Q Oe " = ~ o - o a ak Qo OE Me Hep = LB Joy = a 2 — = — — O. = _ — ~ ¢ 2 ~dta) = ky [Al -ky[a) a ar oT e = oO — eae 2 eens - _@ — _ > - a => idve kan kok : = Ste if Rpts 8 _ @ - 3Wa 909 Go oO oO a oO — a_i 1 23 o. 39JEENEETSTORE.COM eo Mencey o. See tot a ot oO _ 7 Inteqraling. Fe 8 a 3 = Here . Tp wee 6 eile kil fe PT QJEENEETSTORE.COM *° As iF can be observed from the Graph, F the inkermedi- -ae is formed unihally and reach a -marumuy Fite comentahion , and begin! to decrears and yeachs , a Value cluse to zero t pW wer vatter tax 2p bP fp jo jolalolia o a i] oT The above explo } 4ho be an _ ppeor : = Scpraaion ae fF pee AEE Tyratoree] -«t _— pf fa} krpg lee aoJEENEETSTORE.COM “0 eee 2 Oo - the expression derived for, [1], «am te clerived Oo : -thro. me 5 . 7 rouge te Steady Stale Concer O - - 2 ik wiermediote win steady shal, oO 4 2 = ROR eR Q Ske a : — — 9s ——— e — oe e oe ~ —— ee = . - a ~ ~ ~ sx Rate Beterminivg Step s The axpetep which tras Fre lonrerF Oo _valus Phetra vate consentJEENEETSTORE.COM a Case Il ky>ako vk si st Through the exprestions of [1], ond [PIp, if ey>7ky < [il= net PPPHPbllajofh 7. 5 I and, [Plz [al ie} . iat , 43JEENEETSTORE.COM => Rate Law -for Complex Reaction J _________Ror 14. 2N02+R ——>2N0,F => Pala KENT EJ ~ _ im seccly “Salhi for FJEENEETSTORE.COM & o ° Gi. = ° ° Ques’ Findraklawi oy) os, _ CG C 20; ——» 203 _ c Mech? 03 Sao Clow) \0st0 —2= 20, _ (Faut) 7 : som [d= [051] - - _ c 3 t rns cone pr K\lOs] Fz) kjlos}fo] z Now, 4ince’0-- . xa k, bOsT = k[osIfo mn sheady sale , Hence, Salo 25 nye a \ go) 55 co 2 2NO+0, ——y Bho, Mech: ox eS Sono —= 2NO>. (Siow) ~ (Fasreqions) 45JEENEETSTORE.COM 8 _ > Rp NOW, OS tne firsr reac” achieve eq!™ very © { e 1 qiror) = Kath) [02] : oO 2 at Oo oO __ fost J [N20.) 2 ky CNoyh ky 1 dtvoT am ¢ iy 3 2 dF ie - OO “ag Stenlg Stell 28 roe ation, : “38 “ROA, = ROP} aw e +k, DT[2T 462 jo jalajafin a > 02! 42,6, 419 5A 028,13 1022 JEENEETSTORE.COM one: 2910552 —»Mokculanity; nas _# Tris equal fo the armof Je Sfoichita rratri tnefcien 2 reactant inon elementary, yearn. 5 —Etermentary pe PCB —> PERE 1 (Unimoleculary - 7 _ — 2302 > THI FO, 2 (Binlecular) 250,40 > 1505 3S (CTermolecular) 2 Iris equal to ag mo: =e smolecules Lolliding. . _ __ Aeros taneously « e ~ Marea com can yor _be AN S Moleularity “CanymoF be ap fraction 2 Only an integer) Ser LoxgP—> cog) cae Nok oman lam mor be elementary “_whene ver Gn _Forom elementary , order = Mc = Kinene HE ORY of Reactions ! LS a — - : _s | Collision Theory 3 a | Actordt ng, to vedl’sion Arai eagtort e 2 ppplewlis Traut ealuide pi" each o ther to pr a a __product molecules a we __=>_Rate= Te? feRT. NENA, NTR sum Tins fhe __experiveentel Thus F wes : e ns reAul | yoo f rs tap : — on to be p "ie aang 8 — barriers Wud p ve Lom * Oo a barriers ee a 9S 4) Ener. rer: 48@ ° JEENEETSTORE. COM “ a ee = om “Now, ‘the moleculey Moving with KE wareater Cc or egal tp Ea can be determined Cc __through Max weil Equation c = - o£ _ Law | c € y oe 5 Pole Frockip Of rrolecul es Ea ke ag i _ 2) Orientation “Bowrier /Sferic Factor - Probability of Proper Uatsrigeeio) _* SOrientations a - oe weap FS Pe" Pater NK 5 3 <= eR — ete ———_—— - =e Tae - a A> Boma c—D oO Ea= 2OkT Ea=40ky _ c a £ - => [Kae Kape)_ ~ —_ ee oe > ThGatme fa wen wi BeNOL Teron the ie Tie ne taken previoutly as ates | of forward cond back wor both De vicreaue » Jb — — & apeqem —* Now) thecher faterattey the imcrease in temp 2 mu 2 greater tha _wtetvot ik oe piewoush became, k: yale sDnskovnt ee eteael and the LONcentralion , [PI ond [A] wah _ _ Leen inntrat im endoctherake ond exo the vmie - Tx” respectively « 51JEENEETSTORE.COM > — Ternpe rature Coefficient: arr 5 ~The ratio of Tati pyuteefs oF S00K Ord 9 — BIOK is mown a3 -ternperodure eS oO. Q Moe Kaw 0 Rxn coordina les: etJEENEETSTORE.COM ot _ Radio Achuity Sponttneous | disintegration. ef nuclei of ene_ element into other is alled Rodioachwiy. ~cTheories about nuclear sratalty * 1 Meson Theor | a — Fre nucleus corisin Sf protons amd nettrons je a) nutleon which hos presence electrosfahe _Tepuluive dprces _ between the protons 2 2 Sala DP php jalalofo eo here exit “qmother foice_which i is _ter-med OA thenucleayr -porce ie which ts _ - sesporuibleis or _* the huacleus 10 remain alt Pocitiw Meson x —e Nudewr force aett ara 4snork song (or clistence)JEENEETSTORE.COM 7 oO _ _ Q - oO = Binding Eneway Compre oO _ _ _ oO A Tne WOK of Nucleus cambe oO Q m the fol four am the Pp erg wo war, ss oo (Sista mates} © Oo 8eeoJEENEETSTORE.COM “8 “3 0d amd Eyen Concepr No: of néutrorn Noofptotons stable f Q @ & oe a 9 oO ©. O G. cer C re Teokopes 2 Even _ Even _ 165 - - Even odd _ Odd Even Odd Oded a (= Magic Numbers» x = _ He O ca Sn Pb _ 2 a 7 20 50 S82 Nhe oto pes uth alommic Wa nbers Rear cboul nese wal 3S shave table iaotope - y Node: Posk Biarmuth elem ‘< Zaye No Stable Isotope : Z a 5 =z =) bey tet (9.JEENEETSTORE.COM o th ibeny <1 the wobope rms F be swt table ¢ oO + Tra tic —S phate Lerxcepe Hydrogen): Oo : _ oO Ez _ Q hesin 44044 eee 8? ae rl Sone ea a 4 es neuron, 2 Srcrecsi rotons ° 56 ww wnz (nj 7 Te Ae ate LL ncieasing neutron 7 Ko sheul= term Neukon ine bove 2 er pe < a a ZEM STO SE Note: Positron ancl po particle. anti paytde —__ gp eaph other: _ ; Aria) Foddoatuily _ (8 )y Ke waphaki > The nucleos Gosor bs OM elechon from rue combiviadion — = ae] Ly more stableJEENEETSTORE.COM 6 wo . 8 ts M8 7 Oo + Gre Fru vadiachinn dis! op aat™ C ; a a oe, oe - Oo - - a — O — = 1g. QO sole Ae Tt a Y [Bremizxion] Sane} ” = _ - ~ _ _ 2 in Al ny. 6 (0 . e Pp Vp Jakble ~ - am — —s os Here, Boers Anker plas: e e an - ~ @ e — 7 7 _ = . = LE — > Kipioacwne De nieqamen Sees: 27 y Heries (46) 5JEENEETSTORE.COM 57 3 Actinium series (4n+%) ’ 7 | 235 - Tol ph a 4p Note that the parenr nuclei Pol, Ace" “_ 4: Neptuniuan Series (4041) a eS aT A = 20% — RadliaacHve Dis inFegr € fit order iglebee Pani oN 9, Rte sf disintegration oS , ~dN =a are LY decay constant e PEA dec S omitant 14 Indlepen dent- of woh, physical stale and other _ ope properly. —_______§ _JEENEETSTORE.COM 8 (-an\ an = o ; Hence, a oo “oO A= 1p Ne = I gnte = 1 ow, ° eM = => wise and Ny= bet 6 OP wi dei grated in ‘ee second 1600 yr. 5 ° 6:02.91 ja Greet, 2200 J a 6C———— SSS SS JEENEETSTORE.COM 59 Y a — ° Since, AR<<7 | 1 5 - — 4 c Hence, we Nod l- (eat 2 NAr ¢ a : c Tug, = S82 fr 7 - Lc 22¢ 1600 ZEax DEKE XED & _ . fe [xa 2 stn] _ “ 1 we < > ‘ Hence, when ar <<1_,or the te J r 4 Tn 3 - _ Achvity dN Su ate 4 % ; — UniF= Sdps= sec- _ =P ec" oo = ee . oY + IReequerel (Bq;) = ep * N 4) + ACuve {ci = opTmo"dps - mee —. —_—JEENEETSTORE.COM 5 = « oO + Find the mou OF Rn Paving set ro Oo > — Racha = adage : Q —_ ~ a ~ OQ — _ : oO Sols __ A= In2 . & Sedays eh : 6 . oO WA dW a e _¢ OW qe a -AN 2 5-7x10™ nuclei s-1 @ ar — a _~@ _ =P BX” ole sd — oe - ; 022%? SF -@ => 222437 ww gos? — @ 6022 & a — @ _ es @ _ Hence, a7xagxiet® = wx In2 e a _ BB TRONS -e ee — eo sambocori a e oF oy — 7 31x14 so = — } S 2x0t SF PAP PhP fe lolalolb o a JEENEETSTORE.COM 62 Geiger - Miller Counter + TheA YodioacH ve 4ubsrance ; T\ je 4urrounded by _a ZNS Radioachive fereen ert coun CT Jans serine emissiong- =Ihe number of cand p “ - snide inivialactviiy. q y : Tn next dF Nii mutelel deny 8 RAB pr IN =F Era __ Henxe, ox - . — Stings Ei xaNE # IN Es ) - er aih,s4m, w _ « __ A a lh A CI > Me No ) 53 ryJEENEETSTORE.COM 62 o = & | = oO Herve F 7 = = Oo tage te 8 Bn 144 tig oO _ In2 oO a . - oO. # Appli JEENEETSTORE.COM °° But the = Pb — comnol remain /t in the crystal: dus fo ie Prproper Tadinu voi: Ug Henze, the amount of lead found is axzumed -to be _Creaked fin lis leg ralkon of - aaa. OE Hence, 3 Cexroon Dating’ Used for Fossil $$ 4a eatin © ve Yaw ora appr ond mately ‘ \n_ nature » me ee — og oT — pisinlegralion of ¢ : - ae “a ae _ s pang of 8 Ne wR of CY: : eon No nt aoe tp 65JEENEETSTORE.COM oO =e Q 14) oS adler The aS inaheyaend tedy 8 ChE ar OG Thus - iy : oO oN tt of 0 . A CO Vppssi _ OQ: JEENEETSTORE. COM _ 6 S:_Spallaion Reachoris Oo oO Hign Spee projecties with 400 MeV oO bombarded on a wing smaller _ 4 L C peu + He —— ce ", 14,0 + 1609 ° nucle: - 7 4. Fiasion ReacHons ; inis areackon in which Ahan a mucleus 1s broken clown by a glow or trermal neutron (energy about oo4ev) into two felatvely Ame Nuclei andemission of neutrons with large “armounr enerors. z00 Mey & 5: FuMor regi¥ions : ae ——-_— v “Probable Reaction ap aregen Bomb c —_ H? 41H? het + 24-9 MeV i at 5 © nnJEENEETSTORE.COM 66 _ Elechochemishy _ ec This chapter maindy deat. with _ o Gi) Conversion of Premical energy into 9 electiica) erergia( electric cuvrent) . O Apparatus used is called, 4 9 galvanic Cell 3 { @ coe @ —@ =) ElecWvo chepncal “Celt > ~ ae @ _. ss a _ Ee , Ss @ Etec roby —————— @ rn: S g oO oO a 9 a . —_ Eee Pokntial ’ Polential cy ifererwe - a evdlopecl between a meray Qed ond a solution of tts ton “< 14 called electrode polenti du _ec JEENEETSTORE.COM 67 : or fea BEES] ae =A potential aifferene disc eral Fe _nferphasa _ repens - - : The abbolule value esha ps owner be determined » be ) measur! - __ process gener other mnerphoses whose _ Ce potential ae aldoappers in the observed Vyalue. mv Ai Flecttode a) Ca A Nofare of Substowre - Coichatars Acenn ator) ofions . Presenxe of other Tora: 69sf JEENEETSTORE.COM 8 - Zn pe by . 4 - ral lst ' 7 Anode Ta, Carne - _ Grecharg ) CponiRe cage ) Zne) 2n"*@y) 42.8 _ Flow of alee, @3 + Anpdeto Calnnde O ° 2" vial eunren Uz Cathode ho Anode « A - cen Reackon ° a ° Zn + Cut? Cageya—— Zn*tag y 1CUEs) O oOJEENEETSTORE.COM 6° > Relahionship Betheen 44 and Elechode Potential oO Ab per the Feorg oF AG et 4 AFF Wrens by aystorn Gv =VIF o & Now, Te? TSxIO'* Goutumd z 7 G02 K 1OPEAPE RIO hum’ Gp 46600 ¢ ae 5 = 4° Zn) 2 zn¥laq) + 20° OS ares 2(-2FE Se —_ “Teo = de ° ab change dfrelectode rs pelertalJEENEETSTORE.COM m5 ¢ —— 2 2 © Zhe) > Entagy + 2 Ey Oo _ Derr Oy) > Znl5) E ° - _o AG. =AG, _ Qo => SRYF XE, = + DXF XE . oO _ Fence z oO - [err eo). < _ QO Zn Zn + 28 3 _ - cut 229 ~—> Cu 6 — @ 2 ‘cell = Ered: + Eoxid- mre’ ¥ E ox a al amd write SFainm if ) cas) Co"tag) $207 FT ==O34v0rS A j ; d £% oe Fe tags) He? = 04490 © 7 aes Sone Wtsrt Fe*aq:) Eye = O18 vol > PP plsjolo ee jr Fees) ZnO) + Fe? (ag) - —_ = D384 voir Suppose Wehave Fels) ————> > EO 44 vol F Jn@) ——> DAtag) 22 Hence, the el] xem 18% ae 0 oO” umnchameed o Fe (6) +2 AF os Feimy 2A om ~— Ecar ab +4¢v0lt— 73JEENEETSTORE.COM ve ome Oo consider the {following exampie * oe Oo g t ——= - - Le Oo. + cur 4 2eP cu E, 44, o Boa >» Ju +Zee ek AG - ~ — a 9. ~ Find Ep ter, cut ea o _ - — ©. = AG + Aq, aa: ait 34 —_ — 7 —_ +MsFES= 1FE, RAPE, _e ——- :@ > |tz= AG SS _ The Exprediom ig not -@ Eyre, Es) this iA nora 7 eeu re ae SS eT Ce ~ ° _ _ ar ae wirwolued & a ol ry ~“® “2Eyt 25, aC a © 2 =| Ecen= Evah _ 5 ~ me Oo ~ Here, the ul 0 presen om Fru tno oO Aides ae Teac? are presen at oO _ gy peel fe one_at amnode amd _ _ _ sat! Lathoele « dee 0 oO eT & EO LY Herne, We cammok Carvel he Cul)? G vO - __ Oo. JEENEETSTORE.COM ° fe s = pr : > 9 FinclEbino Jatt + Taw 5 = - _ e+ Mn Mn?* + B= FBvolr 2e% ? Mnd, Mni E°= DGwIF. Bol= Reqs ry 7 es Mntt M7 Oe 3 ye +E, on — ‘ =p 2 E,= Sxl ~ 3x ~ xu a Ege BI yp e2-8bvoir ee Find Fre* in it Eire (volt amd Epo pe = P2volr o oy £ e _ . _ So . _ des Fer wy Fe E°= IWvolr aes Fe* i Fe E°= 42volF a > Pet Hee ae Fe? BL ) te 2g am an eer a ee — a - sy = O)”” - — “Fewer fa, AO 75JEENEETSTORE.COM 74 c 9 oO >» Find Ea =f - oO ma Aion: Fxg ]b,-= Wolk ond Ew = PVF - o = — 2 Aol'= 21s — 8 E= ‘volt Oo o eer3l, ——- 6] E=04volF O _ For 2 _ — _ =é = Qe- 7 _ 21y 73h t2e : Z 9 8 76JEENEETSTORE.COM s Given: | ho ‘ n » . Ags) ——— Agila} re? Agi 32NHa —- A4 (nh) 7 Kor = 108M » a vol F Bind, E*-fr Aq (Sam —> Ag CNHg te” G+ Oe oo => + ATER RT&nk = +HF ES S a4 006 Nog io’. EB ; — Ss J ca ——> i ; 28424 Reg gy ee of T= __ _2thb —— + 20H x 6, + 24 S= 46 Aoi + KD 3JEENEETSTORE.COM % | Sr e are) A Types Cf Helf Cell amd ell Representation « e ag _ Rules, ~ Oo » Anede amd caHudle ware Separated by oO "axle vertical tine I 3 | 5 - a 2. Anode is writen on left side oO 7 aT hic? Hor tern pursor gy a ~becese—red cooly © yee (iat oF Wh veti PEP P PP jolejojololoja alo ao JEENEETSTORE.COM " Tl ReducHon - Oxddation Halfcel Le . Ct tm) ———— Both the lov are praenh _ at Fe" caqy?© ———> Fee | Fe) Fe) [PP BHT Bey Mn OF — Mn +4420 ~ ov c _ _ 3 | + O- 3 [Preeti MALE Tg < 7 ae he 3 Gated wit a ee A Pr- powder soasto increase He — ta) a au A rfacearea ~ oF So — — = & “We assum thal Efajy, =0 When Pe teas ie at the inerfac eof re re Fal = ne My) plate he DV? ci is called Standard eigen Electrode “ene °bess JEENEETSTORE.COM ‘"" 7% = ° O Cotculate Evxidation ) Eveduetion oO > ev pow O — 7 + 5 _— ae TT =o ors P Oo 3 By direction of, oussent we decide thar © undergoes oe ali Seu) = Sania + EKG e ceil = Sonidation] 7 6 — VariaHon of elechode potential with contenrralion e = Wiation af eitot polenta! ah 2 a ° — — El & oo _ R ST Eceayyea ° @ @ @ —- ~~ O @ “ ; - iN i‘ ~ Example: ot. Znts) See Cc Pris saat e 7 EG = Ee gto ge Ae i — _ — c Li vy Eva, = Chon - ad orl) c - ¥ mass a < 808 e JEENEETSTORE.COM ° ‘s a C- Bo Bly + Gutiy p> Zn 0ag) + Cue © - — c Eee = Ea ~_ 0-089 v[zne) \ Cc 2 eu?) / co Cc Questions _ co _ ‘ Ci Vv Ey pante (0-4M) = Sonja = OTE Lf — a — — | E = 076 - 00¢ fog o4 - ° i - : Zo 7 ray <—— 3 x 4 ~ Pa 2 Ecylloatm)Jartorme 2 Eeyia = Favolt < : _ B= rad ~ 0-06 jog [103] v _ Tae z %b 4 ‘ a _ 149 volt u 3 Eee preterm) Fe(001M) = Eee prem =0-44V 7 nO —~ 9 ¢ E =-p- 44 - oe fogo-1 724JEENEETSTORE.COM 5 sesso Q - : 9 Uh : Ag +4 Ag AG? —~? —_ ce _ Oo 2 hg [ot = o0bvolr 2 —“Tpvolun Q —> Queltow Involivma Determnimalinn of Ka! cay oO . oO PE | Havobar) | HA (>4 mM) Ps [pane al [hag team] 3 a — ~~ @ ——_ “2 Eeel = hes og _ _ . & 041208 G68 fey ffn]* 1 eS - = & Linx io? | 9 > alt hr eo 7 EF _ ® : ye ° <[Ka=io-F] ~ TD a Ka = 10"> figs oO = was S te neglec a) — oO oO oO oO : Oo gs) ——— Aga ire"_© a cig ° Agi Cag. +e os Acts) ~@ a 82c JEENEETSTORE. COM o i) “Final rx": Oo = oO Ay. fs) + Cl laq)) ——> Ageltel Fe? 6 x oO _ 7 Tftne rodlack as acathede, ° - _ - a Agitag:) +e Ages) oO - Z ry Ag Chis) —_ Agr lag je Ae s)+e7 Agls) + CRA) Thu, netmate decreaie: as Ags) fA ned up omd Agts) f med which gels -coaled - over coating “| - iP ell Representations: . - 1 ee a : ~ Anode psainede : Vo _ Paglagcla- ae Fer Iagetiag oe agiagertce|| & [ce Agee, eau st Enpinges lee is given & cet = Eagiagetici- + Ecoles Faget] ce(0™? |] Ca® (ort! few