slo 24 e she JEENEETSTORE.COM L © ec) Redox Reactions : ° (éontd- ) \Lo Lo sf Balance: Lo 1 FeS,+O0,. —> Fe,02+S0. Lo — YL Fe*? > pet? veo A. : _ Sj? 2s* 4 1D e- y 4e9+0, —» 20° o - a _ Hence, Fe +457 +O, —> apes 8 S4F, 220" 2 . => 4FeS TAS 3Fe,0, + 850, ~ So OS oo Oo CR a 100 oO = Qo. See's ly 2 — Oo . x Ae _ oO. Hence, C,850H == Bh gat —> CIS FPO HC 4 - oO” FeHt © tii) Oxidation number Megded > ~ Oo 2 = al ‘ Casel? KMnO« + Ha li04 TCL —* Mnch* CO2* KCly Had AO - +2. — . KMn0g-—> MAC), A Oxidation < 5 42. Kn a No ee 26,04 —, Wo, son dation . 2 number = Hert, (2 KMndy 4 SHAG, — a Mnai,+ 1020,JEENEETSTORE.COM a oO O | ” = i ~ oO Case I: When more than One element rage reduthin O ~ oxiclation . oO . oO bad oy ba . t Fe,04 + Katts07 + HC] —> Fed + itt KU oO | P20 +00, ~ 2 3 fe “> o Fe(. 04 ——> Fecl, #02 Bae +> a __ re e Ka6r07 —> CTs — — = = —e De Cj0g + RiCt,0, HHA IF ella + KrCls 14004 ° z an © 42K C147H20 o = a ~ eo — . ss . 6 QA + OB er co tad e 2 __ as 7 a - = oe e No of eqns a Noo} of equivalenk je-ofequivalet: aR teatel, ot obs! ae of '¢ ® __ ae AZ = No-of equivalent @ 5 == of Deformed oy ES __ Novo lenfe= Mass ofaubstame 8 ~ (Matakequiv. _etvin Mast= — Molecularmay fn factor ~ ‘ t an efor, = _No- “tFequivalenk = Maxs ofu berm c Moleuilor \nass = “Moles x nfastor:oO io JEENEETSTORE.COM — N-Factor Calculation + 3 O Gael: For ten-redox reactions - Q — - - (0) Fat n faetor fer Qaid /base Oo = _ _ n factor = novo H*/0H _ . by one Molecule x For example, H(0, + NQOH Ss net NaHO0, + H20 : ne thw, Po, 3 > H. Pos, 2 O. oS Hs Po, 1t JEENEETSTORE.COM , ° : . 0 2 <= SE (ane Of eon pounds — O° n- factor = charge on talon! a anion 3 “ Feplacealper -motuule ° Z o NastOs + Hel ——> Wald, + Naci hes 1 (omy TNA is Yeplaced J % Na,t03 FAC.» Ag (03 + NaCr “Pee 2 ( both, Na? axekepladed) wast C at re placed Na’ o © _ 5 oO ABaMg?0, —> Ma is replaced by 2Nat . & => [ Natl —> 2Nat replaced per Mg? i . —- : Wes Butsnat is repleuiod per , mole ante < =4 i FVIVVP PIS POPPER PPP PPP PPPS Te: JEENEETSTORE.COM 5 © > 3 a 4 o + Ka [recone] + Fects~——5 Ki [Fe CONN] + CT 5 _ 9 N factors — K,[Feleuy] <> 3k veplaced tyre? 2G) Oo Fe Cle = Fe replacedby K* 2G) oO KFelFecewhe] > Fe replaced by BRT = G Op Kel —_K* replaced by Feet = (A) ~ * — _ Cae If: @) Por Redox Renelione mp2 “no: of © Enuahwd per rnolecule. ! fe Lg cr = undergoes oxidation and one _ other atom Ufa gpea “recu chon, 7 oO re athens en COrKin GPG L980) Q sos bIGND Dg “tas Da pape “Co, o - pa a Ap 2 I= : OTS Oa = > IM dhis” Method, wed aaNte ine charge 1m ~ , oxidodinn qurmber o tnecpotticular element ard 5 ay aiply the: “nuenibpwith—-yo Nay + Na, S406 7JEENEETSTORE.COM 16 © SB 2 = ne OQ. . Ka 01205 + FeSO, —+—9 Cy, (say)q 4 Fe, (504), oO. _— ps8 Mey ms Me2 2 _ f o s % _ a e168 + remy em ae) “eS eas “EID “6. ww — — a O- ~ Feo + NOS WH Fer o a) neo yt hye a oe 7 i eo Gro eo SoMPHINS wopobni MIO gv ley SSCS ee rar uhor sep rsbgd aroha 8 ase ll: Reactions inwihith more than ore element ® © ey the nfactor amunth plying the reapadye cwanga IN onid ms — numbe. with “Of qtorns OF the element 5 and didldtye He one reduces amd Other ° element iser. we subtrack. theJEENEETSTORE.COM 7 © FegC204 + CyOp CO + Pe 4 cr? Ags ae T bbb fololoflo ao Using lon-electron method, Fe’? ——~ Fe +20F SBe6 “ _ Hence, mgactors (Fe G04) = a3 CRP) 1 o Exercises + AS 1g G28/3 tT Gut» WS ps YWJEENEETSTORE.COM 8 oO ° es —— © Case II? N-faaiors for DiS PROPORTIO NATION Oo REACTION - ° : ° Considers = ° A— a 7 ae o. A — A 4 ne? PA - To oO. oO Bo, _ o oe mwa, oe wih 8 nya e MMe ah, @ % e@ ea a —_ 2» = ® oO rr 3 P+ Cl, —*- BEI % 0D © as 1Oe® )x4 = me 5 Se »> K2ee14 — 1OC1® + 2C1 ; S Vent, Mpfer ch = Ox =a c — a 5 ep RST)JEENEETSTORE.COM 9 " DfO}@/oflo ee + PRP, —> Pis+apoq HEN, Nec pa 4x3% AK5. = ARB AARS 2 Dyer. for Phy —> joe for H3PO4. = hh ~ TMPORTANT CONCEPTS: * Norma et equivalents : Ie OL toA Oo ‘ OU Boy Ne MXN fac ton. Qe - = ~~ - — TDIcy 2 2 4 - as ae - oh Ming Osan eutrator Faint a - Alkaline) , oO S or Mngt (STRONGLY ALKALINE)| JEENEETSTORE.COM 10 oO | 0 © ae oO ww Kelwg0§ oO | oA oe . ° _ _ nis . o Note: Te chromium Melis present im either ofsers o- slats. qeneally. a. : oO. | |S oxidizing Agent 7+ CoO °. | - 7 O- | - ~ —Or + General oxidation atnis: i ; tu Ga and OF | ° Fe Fethard “Fee o a 8 6 - a oO | | Oo ___. & _ BO 2 ieee ° “ — Oo Sos RAP Ha 7 0 SR oh 2 HO +O a RRLo | ° © | & ree ~ c — S Z — .5 JEENEETSTORE.COM 11 O° o + Calculate “the moles of KMnO, fequired to owidise 180qm | a P1164 im acidicmeclium- Aled , caleulake 2 volume of COr produced im Adidic medium « 5 : -c > Aol:~ KNHOg +4,G0, ——. Mn** + 0,3, _ ; hye tp? ee \eogm H.G0, —> dmoles — - WX = 2F2 ~ “ N= 4/5 ob NNO ~ a ie - a _ - Moles oF CO, _— _ v a “eb Volu meet Co, = 4x227L - Boe SF s = 90-8Lb i + Colaulate tn@ volume of 09M serahs vequired to, = _ ry ouidise 58m! o5M KL to O20, 7 2 Kot, 07 a en ~ - 2 MEL "SO" - _ "FS wa — OH moles o| KL: 3 mata - ‘ Dyer = Equivalent & 3JEENEETSTORE.COM 12 © oO : Seen eee o q : = Calewlale the Volumet? 08M Na, $.03 véquivedio o react with prodce 508 am Li by reartion AIM - oO] ; ee Oe Oo NQ2$.0, + MHl, ——> wK1+ Ki S40, ° Y > 7 ax 2molu =. mB nx! MOKA =Nanc.o,, — o Se volume of Now#a0y = OL - e —f~. | : sy cam be. used TO oxliise Fes0p bo Fe Find & ! moles OF HO se qured Yo oxidise [0 -moles @ OF Feds a “Fe® + Hy H,0 SO - v oo BPimos = womowus GY _e yyorz Bmnoled : oO He tne Moles oR KMnOy required 1D idize_2moles EGP inte ca and meubrat se caleulak Mewrand 9® JEENEETSTORE.COM 13 Go Oo = = oO Hence, 7 2. ton Neys = 2% Mknnog o =D _Dninog = 20/3 0 C anus, mols of Cu = jox2- 4 £ 5 7 moles Of S04 = (0x2 > Caleulale voluyne of 0-6hA KCIOs tequired to produce -G-mole Gh by reaction withexceut "kei in acid ic frediinnJEENEETSTORE.COM v4 o a oO - - - - = Oo H Reachons «of! Oxabie anid: and i+ deriwalue. oO * not Se 1 oO H26,04 eK G04 — 0204 Oo acid acidic ‘ ei _ KHG04 ALGO or KAO Og C04 oO KHGD4 SOW > ka 20. _ __ = QO KG OF HOD, — bps ° “7JEENEETSTORE.COM 15 ———— —= a + A sample containing KkKH¢204° 2H2C203 Yequired BSemoles K26r207 for complete oxidation - calculate ne Moles OF KOH required to eulvalize -the given sample : KHC,04 2,00, 22,0) —> COra a 6 NEE 60, Moles ob KA C0; 24,GDE= 5 Now, ¥ NCpDe 242 GOH KOH > i604 2605 ~ pee oS TRI Hy So, bmoleys 281 =p gin = 25TH OIJEENEETSTORE.COM is oO ie) os = “T NS Faekorg — o Y 7 i) ly HyCOz-+ Naon ——~ wnahlOz + Hid oO We =F = y=) “F 4 ° 2 By NasP% 7 ae — NeMghest 2Nac, - OD meee fe pee + 0. Ey + naSi0s- > nat Nag S30 a hyped ped Ne Ae, We? o - - ~ e _ 2 03° 4 Fes, __. e,02 C1, oe ~ aS net - Se ee oe - & Z - ° Ss Ka¥,07 + Fesog 4s 0G, (s04)3 + FerU4)2 ° _ npee wpe t npeé Npe2 ° i ® = Se o ° NPE 2#/q ——3e- _@ — — 2 4 S04” Pht F773 —_ ugh & curt + H2P04 . pall npel2 nest) oF + at —o Ss _ 4° & — PH + Ha P04 opp, = 2x20 2 5 2 SH Py 3 2 OO oH — thy = - (plo, = BPO ge9 9 JEENEETSTORE.COM 17 ° } “0 - | oO 10+ cy — cl +cfoP o npe 200 6 Cle =1 Cy =5 7 iz 3 “o Te Nay PD, + HET Na H2P04+ Nach | - Dfoior=> pet "Pez ST 4 Case IV \__N-fackors jer compound imvolwed in redox - _ reaction — bur “nor uncer going oudalan _ ancl reduction * So => _Tfactor= n ectrong \nnvolued per-molecule , af a siege " oo T x - puta SF ( For the given Yeact. , Es S 2kMnOy + SHGGOL —>ine1 5 aReTOw= aH,0 SORE 70 - I) tig case, jhe NOLO} © imvolid” He pA Na re 10 oeJEENEETSTORE.COM Coee Ve Nefactor jor a. Kubs bane enderge Hol oxidation oF reclue tion): . ca 2. . o 2KMNOy + IOHClY = ——+ 2Mnely + 2O ABH20+5C), ° ¥6 HO ‘ _ * ME of HCl = *. 22 Cages N- factor -oy decompogtti ; ' 2JEENEETSTORE.COM 19 Oo Note: The equivalents of a Substame aie additiw Qo only when heir nefacrors are equal « 9 oO For eq. _ _ a x _ A+C — Bec ——> (egos + (eq OF ON) = (ep FOS se eneth + eget = & Cate! _1 An equimolax mivture of Féx05 and Feo,0 iStihared and Fequital 21 BM oKMndg Z0I" iy aciclle medi um ~ ary Batis ~ ~ ~ KNNOg + Fe5 0% —> Mn™* +R "ep sO = 44-1176 470588. 2JEENEETSTORE.COM 20 +N Sample Containing tts8-16 diulded. ino two O pasts ig HtrQted with Atta Cyd¢ amd Hyp, oa eet toy Quidic omnd beule “Me divin Co Tespett ualy + Moles OF H2(20g amd M202 neadeds are Sand § respechwlu.. Find melee Knog oO _yn\ Holy. BF nes RRSd > Se of Magy Ha tesleDa owed R262 Og Ha 04. Hiod with 20n0,_and Kon SR guired 1-5 moles OF W2(1,07 HH Find mole of eachin (re ~ a a bot A KALA AXED A= Goede, tes Rudic ay 42 -2n, 4 4m, a Ss Boric T= 2h, + Ane oO he ye ms OTS oO i - a - 3 J 22ou] e JEENEETSTORE.COM al oO 3 —= QO : #50mk K2607 is mined: withercecs KI sol? Liberated 1, oO Was Hitakd and required oom 0°5M hypo sol” O Naz$20 - Find mo loity oF 201,07. a c - KrGs07 4 KT 1, 4 013 “A apes =D —<- — a > Oe _ I, 4 N,6,0, 0 —* “984 NaS 4.06 a ped Abed _ i &o, 6x 50m1x ME jarmLx OGM - - Ne Te moiaxity « — 2 S OT 2OmL _KIO3 Wis wie wlth Sxces RT Iw pretence @ of H2S0% liberated 1, Teqtured 1!00™L 0-#M oO Na, S30 2 Fino amolauity of KL 0; co). ah 25 _ Kl03 + kl — : ~ res ‘par Aas 51S - o m Os _ b+ wag’, TO + Na, 0g _ npe 2 ges so U Codi = We 2axn — xO" M60 -JEENEETSTORE.COM 23 oO oO = = = = S | © Consider sequential reacn — Q i Ate eC o = SSC ESF oO © re 4o in both rea mbles of Cafe samed burif oO refatror oe ga Nor some. The =a Galvan o. . ue Mot kane + O- = ao . _Equivnolor mice of Fed aFead 4 wad inc eA ww DIS M A Kilr07 apd vo me is i mureased so 1b: 100 mL of yepultenh som was itated amd lequited SY L oF 0-4 M Fe cor. o- __Eind _jmltat anol - 2 © . a 5 - “0, nya + mS VX DIBXE 8 ee 0469 7 > oO - i ~ —o A — - y Oo Of TONES =Res pu yd 0S ie ¥ o4 = o23 JEENEETSTORE.COM fo N= 1 = 90a 3 Now, volume is imcteacedto 1, =p molaniy= sR 015M HeBto, a24 2 JEENEETSTORE.COM 26JEENEETSTORE.COM 25 ‘This Chaptr mainly deala with structure of aokid. Bepere| ~Wy upon the Arrangement; solids canbe separated into (A) Cryetalline + Arrangement Yemaing b 4K LATTICE > ~ Note: re dinays, is uniquegoar a lanie _ ag fepreae “me _crystan (OF many soins 3, two lattices_can be distinguished only ifthe © ate “rot game ie toeiraitn erent (dota) vat be a4 rent. —_ SS - 3 Favalllelo piped . OBY ap y Waid nul 2JEENEETSTORE.COM 28 = =e a = = =O “4 UNF Cell Ifalltne lattice points.are connected byhagnr O Lined, the 27allest payallelogipe! which can be repealed CO 40 ‘generate: the entie laiice 1s “called Unit cell fo) —_ Oo sofar, I unit Cellé have been ye, obgeruecl : which can be Te’ \n Bd to gene’ Jatice of ai e z These 1 ant celle ae alao Know nvad - ~ Bravais. Laticed son Co ~ . - mae @ Crystal. | Roasible ‘Arial Aistaneegl Sy orgies e ae Escarmples Ruste vayiations agtlenging a 4 : e Primitive, Body eniered sFazm centered Primitive Caleike(Cacos), © Hgs 30¢ JEENEETSTORE.COM 29 & ° ° lini Primitive Lath a= 290" “| Monpdbinic oO End lenkred ' . P#40" Aulphury Tiicline—t Prmettive | -avbee—letgpepeact 220m HsBOs, oo ; oo sae 4 _ ae Arrangement of Identical “spheres (Rigid) . 7 hm -Bimensin 7 a We only have one, arrangement Us in _2-Dimengiony __a) Squage Plror Cloge Packing. a eegonat CS ag XN (Dirnen $10;JEENEETSTORE.COM 30 © is) i oO RroperHies iy nF z oO + Atoms at tne adjacen” < comer touth each other ° ~ 2 Gear (Side length) _ oO oO Radius [ne atom a Se No- of atoms per unit cella oO Here,we have (\/e)” part ofeach atomin an vumih cell: =» [N= wee es Tne Sn Se - _ 4. Coordination Numer} © Wo: of atom by S whith auam is Being “youched * S 6 — @ 6 atoms “Buch This ator 8 Se 8 8 8. a _ a oO | BRO of rean _ _ Of nearest atom and no- ob such atomy x piste, daa ° 0 32Q ° JEENEETSTORE.COM 31 So = = oO +. Distance of 2° nearest atoms and d= OF uch'atoms oO g Oz ah ~ Cc N= 3x8 c Gh One atom Ts Counted twite wa 7 2x Ad < g Distane of 39 heart atoms and me of uth > fo mS + p=ae 1 i = | (ep t= 8 ~ song NAL & ~ of - 2 me socking of such ty pe isthmown as MOKA AAA ¢ . TL, “layersof tre lattice - ( (b) Bedy Entered Cibic Umit Cel AJEENEETSTORE.COM 32 © oO Be Nowh atome-pel umir cede + Oo a Ne Ks 22 o Oo - Q 4: Packing Fraction: . a 2xany a Soe O- 20-68%, O- a _ = _ oO 7 UU Note tat packing fection whos oO eS - “ 6 é eo : @ _ - - © Re 2" 2 a No: aan atoms Ee __ ‘a —— 2 og ators and no-ofsucn 5 en — Oo F O S = 3 yJEENEETSTORE.COM 33 3 Digrance of third neareblqioms and no: of 4uch atom , - d=arz] _ No of auch aboru [a= 378 = 2 $ 90) Plolojolo a9 Distance of fourth meayveuur ater atoms © AB is the r Spear werop opin y= Gee rte tubes “rade of a __22C10 tOw cred JEENEETSTORE.COM Fotecewmvered Gabic Unit Cell ins i Atoms ak thd ddjacer corners do nor touch e€acy otner eachotner 2 Atoms along the fur 29 3 WRazdy vela=ahy 2 4 Atonsiak the enti Of the adjacenr pe (ar 4°") fouch each others, |cl=" a : 7 7 SS leleleelddagch | | | | | aa) oO 8 yr Fuchite Yeprekenting the AYA O oe FCC yom the vie - “or ne : ke © o > ra “o — = 7 x DP lololafloo 9a JEENEETSTORE.COM 35 Oo oO == = Go Figure representing the arra Ir a Df Ooms in Spreng rmbdol a ARB CABC _ Stacking, oO - me _ There ig presenre of -tnree Coyers ABC im @ tthe ordey, A ABCARC Cc & Ae & No: of atom ina uni Feel, N= ‘ Fy 8s test 6 Coordination Nimbev = [12 | & 7 Packing FraéHon = 4K&ne o eae = ee 8 Distance of-nearshdtoma= Are ayy _ “ Norof son atoms 7 y= nearest aloms = 2 NOsof suchalow te EG 214 nearar atom oo Nb of 4udh atom ~la¢fJEENEETSTORE.COM 36 ® __ oO ~ Oo # Distance between two neaveth “hexagoral layars + Oo an = 13a © e =pes a = oO fe o. : bendintens oO Now, d= Ar oO = _ O- oO SPR ubb Ge | z 4g = 2 o. o a a) Hexosonal Closed Pack es 3 - oeJEENEETSTORE.COM 37 No: OF atoms [prism = oy ° © oO O° In hexagonal closed packing oO "We have ° uy a= bEC oO _ OL oO AA A i} _ cil) Packing Frackibn = PRE gx Uiany? i S ARGU See tey fel AEJEENEETSTORE.COM oo © ee Oo Density ?f solid ° i ° Q : Densify, p= ax “Na G - Virireeit oO _ =p p= ZN Molay Mas: o srt —O- _ o a o eo ~ o _ “Ingenenl y amieng” axe larger than cations @ and “‘Merefore ) thug ‘eecapy the! red Spare @ _ arealee yt othe © ® é 8 2 8 Ls iim value Of Yecion for ‘an alow x Foon AY te be fitin, - YY ‘fe mow nas TIMI TINGRATO ~ - =O oO “Oo@ , @ JEENEETSTORE.COM 39 C oO as axel Note: — » 2 +A calion occupying a void always touches ; O all the anion! by which void is‘ Cleated » c - = _ OL _ + Anions forming a void touch each other oO. only Wher Radius Ratio = Limiting” Radius Raho - The coordination Ywmber of the eaHOH ie 3 Rarnog of rads rip for tiangular vod — 0155 < BH - ee Noctahedral void lahedyal ge voids ino unit cell, N= 4 Vee @ u AY ine centre 43JEENEETSTORE.COM > 6 p jolofofofio o & 49 When we join al ter" OE - - —o 3 or E 0 — oO | a HFJEENEETSTORE.COM 43 Lone ianoag fon Crystals 1 Nact = Rock Sait Ahuctuve + cl® form FCC lattice - +C18 ions x | a 7 Ne® occupy. all octahedvalwaidg. © 4 Na® ion : oe ana uni Jones Tr ae + : = i : = o tT oF was oppticable) Ways O Teable - = 3 O - = ~ > et iy i of Na 6 7 - CQd¥dinakon Numbey roi6 - . aN Vaym O8F all the Kem angai halides ond u CKaLM elals OTe GAMr in SUCH [atices [avkabi tandak E39. Nacls KW, NaBy, KBY, NaF ee. 4 : except (X= FG, 87 J) ° Alkali earth metal 03 oe a Se excepr Beo | _ : ae a Packing Fracton'= Wax tmx (Loar BT © _€ ep : so = hOTKz1Y - oe -JEENEETSTORE.COM aa ~a* Ht Delermineiiay the Nach: kind of atructure (ov laRieey , athe folinning O 2a Distanre of ™eaveit eatin“ fromm an avon O a d= yy 24 Oo” No Of such aly cations ; mM=CN=6 oO 3 a +) bistance aan te Pa an ere a e ~e e e oe Zz I i 7 2 ___€)_ Bistance of > Feo “Cation fiom ananion © Zo _ d= Olam. tba _ @ - Se Fett © “pe am alow e e # nea go roman anim e d= (eile < @ Nov of Suc Sy yWs, SKESLA oO - z oO —O oO “=> The same ag Sa for_on ~ fom a cakon to om ani = —o a a ~ oO 0 46JEENEETSTORE.COM 45 et 2) bistarxe belween two nearer CaHons bp plolofollo oo * d= a4,n- a 5 * Ga _ Number of such cahons, = 12 v 7 (lov ider tne cenho} co } : canon) (— Zz — ~ We \_DIsYONe “of IPF near ear cation from a cakion 3 d= : vot — _ : Zz a Number of such ations m= 6 “OZ : 3 Ciike ane “coprdinale oC wa ——aresy — EE Sz q) Distance g at Meavesr cation froma Cation oS : é == Ey BOOS [akg 2 as =< | a “plata ff s8rewreat cation BIS aH (wo cornert of a fare ) ___frorm a cation: ae . a \ - Os fhigsa" Number of guch cali OK= 2x9 p12 "fa “a an 7 . hl Bigstance oan Tear Matio froma cohinn a ae d= phe = 3 c ¥ a z S . — Ctranion andlaciilinn : a autrirg cacrotver) nize a7JEENEETSTORE.COM 45 ° . = ° = = ——————————— = == Il “TWo amon TaHon - oO ad=a “oO = ° n='2 TRANG SF 6B gs . : den —8 7 Crenyip An amion ama a Cation, posi ie S - _ _end of ¢ne_ small EE large cube - d= 45 ° = : “i : —_ a8 ! - IV. Two .amiow oA ee casas » ak the Secibax Ir Ty Toners _of the Gwe ele =e _ is a i 25 a a £ @ ~ 2 oe _ S @ — —— = $ x ’ . AN onain nny arda ation, one ar acomes © _ __ Smo). ote, oF Tre _conive 9 Sheed NOT ey, the eae © = fq > © ope 2 = a m: Nz 24 = & - _ a = vy wii OF TWO Cation, diagonally ° - oO v SPR 4orners oF the 4ama face + o ES d= 9H Wea aS VA Vy n= 2X2, x - Sah o (alodsas FET \ ek ? yo ~ ~ 0 - ; ~ - o - OO a 48JEENEETSTORE.COM 47 2 Zns ° Zinc Blende Spnalevite _ s* form BF occupy halt of the Feha edad duvide’ — 4 to . fRa= Fv (iP % 20.225 Pie liminny ratio fe nap rose) . Bal mth (An — £ - Oo + Coordinakion pumber of Zn® =F) i mo T. Each zion ctouches 4 aryons, ~Geordahon num ber C7 Com Sulphide ong ,ate in tne octohedval ids oF zine ions aN 7 o' Packirg FracHon sian OP HET ae, jes § Bed (All 27 period oxides exepr - Bed arrange like Natl Formula codes nerve main anne (iy Mek excen defect - iy BY missing anion _ ‘ Nat. e® Due to ign wot [|e oae __of tne electron 5 a : i shes) GS Nettronis the F centre OS St Brera cainJEENEETSTORE.COM 54 -| W Due 1 presence even Zine InZnd crystal pF barns | yellow reve 5a cuiuon Is added lama 4 Men, to maintain aietyical Te ALG pF IA heen Hever om eledyyon ig also adde d ) = = a Metal Deficiency: De feck ay by aaa cakian pentily t Zonduchuiry 29 P BP leja;o]O#o o ea ITY NAW +2¢hage © _ _ . Neriiakkhte aR eo > ions Oxidi Fe* a 7 @eog,, Sra QV © im such rod O° _ Reoqn9i Feo 9 os 0 QO (299 Oth Sm OFF Fed? cations remowad . vo Se oF ane. O — — —o 56JEENEETSTORE.COM 55 IN Fe yas ©. owt =D Fey Ooo» 8 ire 100 D* anid anol 4% Fe cabin, Linee, SF talon are mKing 5b lalololofo oe There fore S1OFe3 cations areipieienr and 86 Fe*? calent are presenr Hence, MEQ Y = Be Similarly , tm $1 =p Sina VAS “SnPevise as Sn andsnt. 7G Now, if fone Sa** ic yernoved then pne Sn?" 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NEENEETSTORE.COM 67 © DOWNLOAD FROM IITIANS CAREER » © ° = oF lytersive Properties | futcnaiue properties « oO i a Pressure, Temperature, Maas > Energy » mole G Densiby y Molarity, pH OBE 5 Electyode’ Pokntal, Molar Mau, 5 o , : ~ Important “Note. _ x — - - - 7 oy Any extensive proper hy combi 4 Tl intensive roperty by defn 8 => Ratio of Two & 5 : oper He; ave monaplailive Pnarcre, bur ken prope Hee are ~ AO | Ee ee rae Gi Sepindant “herany V8_propertiey ares de pendent” oO Units: Heat’ capa Te > Exlensrve SS L meus dependent: ° - ~ ae Heak g We ax |haely ‘By ot r JEESTORES.COMGRNERTSEORA GO Mkecer >" Prove thot _ pressure fa Tied a aynounr rep ideal ait a Atak fumetion P= ar Now 2A = rend > |for) | = pil ov! < ~ — nwa pa 5 _ - es Ferargy 0 JEESTORES.COM 1JEENEETSTORE.COM 1 DOWNLOAD FROM IITIANS CAREER f c o oO o “7 deal Gos . Oo Substance —>_ Real gas ° \— solid / Liquid - C 7 t iy Somme typical process So 4 Isothermal Process : “ Reversi lee. oo _G Pr BE which i carriedy “erg Atously ~ SOP a infiniFessi Alo al — # - — Cy __fi iy Tt tak 0 4n — Se Prfuntiet 4nOw Ging homge. hould be very small Peet JEESTORES.COMOUTED ROR RRO CAREER x p uo ° ° =e eo Wi) Change-in propertia in eash atep cmuat be oO verap AM oO Gin PY=DRT can be Used @ Pronger HE proces = ° Jorideal G0 - a oO Arrepersible Process 7 Oo nee 5.2 7. Lae : me - es tii) Ht da pradica 7 © @ _ wily Dring e P © 8 2 Note: A ae be veuersible or rewersi ble fora > bur naiwous considered in be - wewiravle Loy QulkDw veh me _ fe Mdngé fue its ‘large sie JEESTORES.COMJEENEETSTORE.COM DOWNLOAD FROM IITIANS CAREER 73 FUNDAMENTALS OF: First Law OF THERMODYNAMICS Un Work sj Worw = Work Done, W will ve negoriue if the workdone by the_aysiem and work dove will be positive ik work 14 diane bn the sys): ' Oo Pb |plolololo ee We -50k1¢ =>__ Work dore by sykem = 5 Wo1 k done by ew.the si os oO a dv Le o : Buh __ _ Hence, 7 Gale -PextdV a SE ee oa - eS a Here, ot ope peas dur 7 We fe hak JEESTORES.COMoC EES BORO VhREER " s ° oO. 3 POIs 25x84, oO” = 1ora2sy oO Abar NFe > To0s 2 # Catculate the work Kio? 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Higher the orb of Km eR — Ma: Mey emul _ eeREES OF Freevom nai Heat Caraciry ee 48) | 2 [8 BE EGR JEESTORES.COM77 JEENEETSTORE.COM e, DOWNLOAD FROM IITIANS CAREER Q ° a — oO” Note: * ° + Vibrational Degrees Ca Fecaor are acluw enuy - : © + Vibratipne) Degrees of freedom are consiclered ory when mentioned od in thes “As atomi ciky Inereaes, Gi) __Tnterna Ener Ere \ _ CC e X i a ; S a ay — : Altech fa ke elechic Hel, 7 ayaa fields other preet_S26h foato rors are gal tole abtent. : JEESTORES.COMob TNE RUM AR Mercer ° es e = a eS _ Now: in all the: abow & taled@ hanges 4#here 9 OCOWUA HP dvs hGvadt - — _ St - an c Case ll For sotid: tga umdurgoung. au4 process - — v Here, AVEO (Povdotia dnd Ag.c8i) OV\ <0: = nCdT Or Taermooy namics SrTotal energy of Unjuerae is conitant: du: sqd7 =(2¥ ay >” a ovr = gs a f EW] N ver the new iniral eneray be _ Ui tg swede = S — £ 2 Qe Uor Wag Closed Syglem =p du- w+4, —