Construction Management

Diploma In Civil Engineering

Er. Upendra luitel

Instructor, BSET
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Course Objectives
After completion of this course, students will be able to:
1. Familiarize the need of organization, and account;
2. Describe construction management;
3. Plan and schedule different activities of construction project;
4. Familiarize with monitoring and control, labor relations, and safety in construction
works;
5. Familiarize with the procurement of works and contract administration; and
6. Plan and schedule resources required in construction project.

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Unit 1: INTRODUCTION TO CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT7

• TOPICS INCLUDED:
1.1Definition and need of organization
1.2 Types of organization - Line organization, Line and staff organization, and
Matrix organization.
1.3 Definition and importance of Management
1.4 Principles of Management
1.5 Human Resource Management
1.6 Motivation
1.7 Definition and Need of Construction Management

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1.1 Definition and need of organization
⚫ An organization is a group of individuals working together in a structured and
coordinated manner to achieve a set of goals or objectives. Organizations can
be businesses, non-profits, government agencies, or any other group with a
common purpose.
The need for organization arises from several factors:
1.Efficiency: Organizations help in coordinating the efforts of individuals
towards common goals, reducing duplication of efforts, and ensuring resources
are used efficiently.
2.Division of Labor: By dividing tasks among individuals based on their skills
and abilities, organizations can increase productivity and quality of work.

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1.1 Definition and need of organization
3.Coordination: Organizations provide a structure for coordinating the
activities of different individuals or departments to achieve common objectives.
4.Specialization: Organizations allow individuals to specialize in specific roles
or functions, leading to expertise and efficiency in those areas.
5.Goal Achievement: Organizations exist to achieve specific goals or
objectives that may be difficult or impossible to achieve by individuals working
alone.
6.Resource Utilization: Organizations help in efficiently utilizing resources
such as manpower, finances, and materials to achieve desired outcomes.

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 1.2 Types of organization
1.Line Organization: In a line organization, also known as a scalar organization,
authority flows in a direct line from the top of the organization to the lowest level.
Each employee has a clear supervisor to report to, and there is a clear chain of
command. This type of structure is simple and easy to understand but can lead to
limited communication and decision-making at lower
levels.

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 1.2 Types of organization
2.Line and Staff Organization: In a line and staff organization, there is a combination of line
departments (which perform primary functions related to the organization's goals) and staff departments
(which provide support, expertise, and advice to the line departments). The staff departments do not have
direct authority over the line departments but serve to assist them in their functions. This structure allows
for specialized expertise but can sometimes lead to conflicts between line and staff departments.

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 1.2 Types of organization
3.Matrix Organization: In a matrix organization, employees report to both a functional manager
(who is responsible for their professional development and performance) and a project manager (who
is responsible for their work on specific projects). This structure allows for flexibility and efficient use
of resources, as employees can be assigned to different projects based on their skills. However, it can
also lead to confusion and conflicts due to dual reporting relationships.

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1.3Definition and importance of management
Management is the process of coordinating and overseeing the activities of an organization to achieve specific goals. It
involves planning, organizing, leading, and controlling resources such as human, financial, and material to achieve these
objectives effectively and efficiently.

Importance of management
Coordination: Management ensures that all activities in an organization are coordinated towards common
goals.
Efficiency: It helps in utilizing resources effectively to achieve organizational objectives.
Decision Making: Management provides a framework for making informed decisions.
Leadership: It establishes leadership and direction for the organization.
Adaptability: Management helps in adapting to changing environments and demands.
Motivation: It motivates employees and enhances their commitment to achieving organizational goals.
Conflict Resolution: Management helps in resolving conflicts and maintaining a harmonious work environment.
Resource Allocation: It ensures optimal allocation of resources, such as human, financial, and physical
resources.
Goal Achievement: Management focuses efforts towards achieving specific goals and objectives.

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1.4. Principles of Management
The principles of management are fundamental truths about management that serve as guidelines for
managerial practice. These principles were developed over time by management theorists and
practitioners. Some of the key principles include
•Division of Work: Work should be divided among individuals and groups to ensure that effort and attention
are focused where needed.

•Authority and Responsibility: Managers should have the authority to give orders, but they should also be
responsible for the outcomes of those orders.

•Discipline: Employees should respect the rules and agreements governing the organization.

•Unity of Command: Each employee should receive orders from only one superior to avoid confusion and
conflict.

Unity of Direction: Activities with the same objective should be directed by one manager using one
plan.

Subordination of Individual Interest to the Common Good: The interests of one employee or group
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should not prevail over the interests of the organization as a whole.
1.4. Principles of Management
Centralization: The degree to which authority is concentrated in one or a few individuals.

Scalar Chain: The chain of authority extends from the top to the bottom of the organization and
should be followed.

Order: Materials and people should be in the right place at the right time.

Equity: Managers should be kind and fair to their subordinates.

Initiative: Employees who are allowed to originate and carry out plans will exert high levels of effort.
Esprit de Corps: Promoting harmony and unity within the organization.

These principles were first introduced by Henri Fayol in the early 20th century and are still
widely used in management theory and practice today.

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1.5 Human Resource Management
Human resource management (HRM) is the strategic approach to managing an
organization's employees so that they help the business gain a competitive
advantage. It is responsible for the attraction, selection, training, assessment, and
rewarding of employees, while also overseeing organizational leadership and culture.
Key functions of HRM include
1.Recruitment and Selection: Attracting and hiring the right talent for the organization.
2.Training and Development: Ensuring employees have the necessary skills and knowledge to perform their roles
effectively.
3.Performance Management: Setting expectations, evaluating performance, and providing feedback to employees.
4.Compensation and Benefits: Managing employee compensation, rewards, and benefits.
5.Employee Relations: Handling employee grievances, conflicts, and maintaining a positive work environment.
6.HR Planning: Anticipating future HR needs based on business goals and objectives.
7.Legal Compliance: Ensuring that the organization complies with labor laws and regulations.
8.Health and Safety: Promoting a safe and healthy work environment for employees.
HRM plays a crucial role in aligning the organization's workforce with its strategic goals, fostering employee
development and engagement, and ensuring legal compliance and ethical behavior within the organization
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1.6 Motivation for C.P.M
Motivation is crucial in construction project management to ensure that the project is completed on time, within budget,
and to the required quality standards. Here are some key motivations for effective project management in construction:

1.Meeting Deadlines: Motivation helps ensure that project milestones and deadlines are met, preventing delays and cost
overruns.
2.Cost Control: Motivated project managers are more likely to monitor costs closely, identify cost-saving opportunities,
and prevent budget overruns.
3.Quality Assurance: Motivation ensures that project managers and team members are committed to delivering high-
quality work that meets or exceeds client expectations.
4.Risk Management: Motivation helps project managers identify and mitigate risks, reducing the likelihood of project
disruptions or failures.
5.Client Satisfaction: Motivated project managers are more likely to prioritize client needs, leading to higher
levels of client satisfaction and repeat business.
6.Personal Growth: Motivated project managers are driven to continuously improve their skills and knowledge,
benefiting both themselves and their projects.
7.Organizational Reputation: Successfully completing projects on time, within budget, and to high quality
standards enhances the reputation of both the project manager and the organization.
Overall, motivation plays a critical role in ensuring the success of construction projects by driving performance, fostering
collaboration, and maintaining focus on project objectives

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1.6 Motivation
Motivation is the process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. It is what drives us to act and
achieve our goals, whether they are personal, professional, or academic. Motivation can come from internal factors, such as
personal drive and passion, or external factors, such as rewards and recognition.

Understanding Motivation Theories

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: People are motivated by fulfilling basic needs before focusing on higher-level
needs.
Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory: Hygiene factors prevent dissatisfaction, while motivators lead to satisfaction
and motivation.
Expectancy Theory: People are motivated by the belief that their efforts will lead to desired outcomes

Goal-Setting Theory: Specific, challenging goals lead to higher motivation and performance.

Equity Theory: People are motivated when they perceive fair treatment compared to others.

Self-Determination Theory: People are motivated by intrinsic needs for autonomy, competence, and
relatedness.
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1.7Definition and need of Construction Management
Construction management is a professional service that uses specialized, project management techniques to oversee the
planning, design, and construction of a project, from its beginning to its end. The purpose of construction management is
to control a project's time, cost, quality, safety, and scope.

The need for construction management arises from the complexity of construction projects. These projects
involve numerous stakeholders, including owners, architects, engineers, contractors, subcontractors, suppliers,
and regulatory agencies. Managing these diverse interests and ensuring that the project is completed on time,
within budget, and to the required quality standards requires a systematic approach and specialized expertise.

Key aspects of construction management include:

Project Planning: Developing a comprehensive plan that outlines the project's scope, schedule, budget, and
resources.

Resource Management: Coordinating and managing the human, material, and equipment resources needed
for the project.

Cost Management: Estimating, budgeting, and controlling costs throughout the project lifecycle.

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1.7 Definition and need of Construction Management
Time Management: Developing and maintaining a project schedule to ensure timely completion.

Quality Management: Implementing quality control measures to ensure that the project meets the required
quality standards.

Risk Management: Identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks that could impact the project's success.

Communication Management: Facilitating communication among project stakeholders to ensure that

everyone is informed and aligned.

Health and Safety Management: Implementing measures to ensure the health and safety of workers and the
public.

Contract Management: Administering contracts with vendors, subcontractors, and other parties involved in
the project.

Environmental Management: Ensuring compliance with environmental regulations and minimizing the
project's impact on the environment.
Overall, construction management helps to streamline the construction process, reduce costs,
improve quality, and minimize risks, ultimately leading to successful project outcomes. 16
Summarized:
• It can be summarized that the main objective of
construction management is to proper utilizations of men,
money, materials & machines (4MS) in order to obtain
efficiency, effectiveness & economy (3ES).

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