jupeb biology 2015 2018 2019

SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
Answer ALL Questions
1. Protozoa that move by pseudopodia belong to the class?

A. Ciliophora
B. Sarcodina
C. Mastigophora
D. Apicomplexa
2. The bonding between two complementary bases in a nucleotide is
A. Van der Waal’s force
B. Covalent bond
C. Hydrogen bond
D. Bi-polar force
3. _________ is the basic unit of inheritance
A. Allele
B. Locus
C. Gene
D. Chromosome
4. Which statement describes events during interphase of mitosis?
A. Chromosomes start to coil, becoming shorter and faster
B. Chromosome line up on the equator of the spindle
C. Chromosome are pulled apart by spindle fibres
D. Chromosome are replicated ready for the next division
5. Which process occurs during prophase of the mitotic cell cycle in an animal cell?
A. Division of centromeres
B. Formation of chromosomes
C. Replication of DNA
D. Separation of centrioles
6. The intermediate host of Taenia seginata is _________
A. Pig
B. Dog
C. Cattle
Alevelschool.com.ng 1
D. Horse
7. The formal system for organizing, classifying, and naming living things is known as
_________
A. nomenclature
B. classification
C. taxonomy
D. hierarchy
8. The group of insects that have mouth parts adapted for both piercing and sucking is
_________
A. Cockroaches, aphids and mosquitoes
B. Aphids, houseflies and moths
C. Mosquitoes, tsetse flies and aphids
D. Aphids, bee and grasshoppers
9. Cells consist of a number of different components. Which row shows the components
present in both a prokaryotic and an eukaryotic cell?
OPTION LYSOSOME GOLGI RIBOSOME CELL

APPARATUS SURFACE
MEMBRANE
A Absent Present Absent Present
B Present Present Absent Absent
C Absent Absent Present Present

D Present Absent Present Absent
10. Four different juices A, B, C and D were tested with Benedict solution. A second
sample of juice was hydrolysed and tested with Benedict solution. The table below
shows the masses of the precipitate formed. Which juice contains the greatest mass of
non-reducing sugar?
Option Mass of precipitate Mass of precipitate
before hydrolysis after hydrolysis
A 30 55
B 55 55
C 65 85
D 70 80
11. The gas exchange of CO2 and O2 is plants occurs through small regulated opening
called _________
A. mesophyll
B. stomata
C. chloroplast
D. thylakoids
12. Moss is an example of _________ plant
A. vascular
B. haplontic
C. diplontic
D. flowering
13. Which of these options is an example of a pair of thallus liverwort?
A. Pellia and Lophocolea
B. Pellia and Marchantia
C. Lophocolea and Marchantia
D. Lophocolea and Funaria
14. The base of ferns, is protected against drought or frost by _________
A. ramenta
B. strobili
C. sori
D. rhizome
15. Which of these is true about protoplast at incipient plasmolysis?
A. It ceased to exert pressure against the cell membrane
B. It ceased to exert pressure against the cell wall
C. It adhered to the cell wall under high pressure
D. It adhered to the cell membrane under high pressure
16. The main function of a companion cell in phloem tissue during translocation is
_________
A. To provide cytoplasmic contact with the sieve tube for loading
B. To provide structural support for the sieve tube
C. To provide nucleus during cell division in the phloem
D. To provide assimilates for storage of the transported sucrose
17. The fastest and simplest pathway of water in the root and leaf is the _________
A. Cell wall
B. Cell membrane
C. cytoplasm
D. vacuole
18. The pollen grains in the pollen sacs of an anther consist of _________
A. Two coats, diploid generative nucleus and haploid nucleus
B. Two coats, haploid generative nucleus and haploid nucleus
C. One coat, diploid generative nucleus and diploid nucleus
D. One coat, haploid generative nucleus and haploid nucleus
19. The use of natural enemy to control a particular pest can be regarded as _________
A. Chemical control
B. Physical control
C. Biological control
D. Natural control
20. The female reproductive organ of a typical flower is known as _________
A. Gynoecium
B. androecium
C. calyx
D. Corolla
21. Ada wants to get her fruits ripened. Which plant hormone will you advise her to use
for this purpose?
A. Giberellin
B. Indole Acetic Acid.
C. Cytokinin.
D. Ethylene.
22. Which statement about thylakoids in eukaryotes is true?
A. Thylakoids exist as a maze of folded membrane
B. The space surrounding thylakoids is called stroma
C. Chlorophyll contains the folded thylakoid
D. Thylakoids bring about the separation of water
𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑄𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 23 𝑎𝑛𝑑 24 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑦.

𝑃𝑦𝑟𝑢𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑒 − 𝐴 → 2𝐶2 𝐻5 𝑂𝐻 + 2𝐶𝑂2 + 2 𝐴𝑇𝑃
𝑃𝑦𝑟𝑢𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑒 − 𝐵 → 𝐿𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒 + 2𝐴𝑇𝑃
23. What does A represent, and in what condition does this reaction occur in non-
photosynthetic plants?
A. Cytochrome oxidase, aerobic
B. Pyruvate decarboxylase, anaerobic
C. Pyruvate dehydrogenase, aerobic
D. NAD, anaerobic
24. What does B represent, and in what condition does this reaction occurs in animal
cells?
A. Lactate dehydrogenase, anaerobic
B. Cytochrome oxidase, aerobic
C. NAD, aerobic
D. Lactate decarboxylase, anerobic
25. The transport of water from the root through the xylem vessels to the leaves is
affected by environmental factors, A decrease in one of the following environmental
factors would lead to increase in water transport.
A. Wind direction
B. Temperature
C. Humidity
D. Light intensity
26. Genetically modified crops (GMCs) are important in combating food insecurity
among the word ever increasing population, however their major challenge is
_________
A. Pest resistance
B. adaptation
C. enabling law
D. high cost of production
27. The scientist whose findings resolved the debate on spontaneous generation was
_________
A. Louis pasteur
B. Rudolf Virchow
C. Lazzaro spallanzani
D. John Needham
28. Bacteria that require Oxygen for growth are called _________
A. Aerobes
B. Oxygenic bacteria
C. Anoxygenic bacteria
D. Anarobes
29. Viruses have a core of either DNA or RNA surrounded by a _________
A. Lipid envelope
B. Protein coat
C. Cell wall
D. Cell membrane
Use the diagram below to answer Questions 30 - 32
30. The parts labeled A, B and C are _________ respectively

A. Head, Collar, Sheath
B. Head, Neck and Sheath
C. Head, Sheath and Neck
D. Head, Sheath and Colar
31. What is the name of the diagram represented above?
A. Bacteriophage virus
B. Sperm cell
C. Stem cell
D. Bacteria
32. Which of the following occurs at the part labeled DNA?
A. Replication
B. Death
C. Growth
D. Development
33. The undifferentiated body of Thallophyta is called _________
A. thallus
B. thallophytes
C. false stems
D. false roots
34. Mr Tari is reported to have a swollen region and localized pains around his leg injury.
What best describes this situation?
A. Infection leading to inflammation
B. Immunity decline
C. Reflex response
D. Metabolic internal process
35. _________ are organisms which depend on other living organism (plants and animals)
for their nutritional requirements
A. Parasites
B. Symbionts
C. Saprophytes
D. Weeds
36. The stored carbohydrate nutrient in animals is known as _________
A. glycogen
B. chitin
C. starch
D. glucose
37. How many embryonic layers are present in phylum Mollusca?
A. Two
B. Three
C. Four
D. Five
38. The main function of epithelial tissue is _________
A. movement
B. protection and defense
C. covering
D. binding and support
39. Which of these is a connective tissue?
A. Blood
B. Epidermis
C. Fallopian tube
D. Nervous tissue
40. Which of the following is not a member of the phylum chordata?
A. Lung fish
B. Star fish
C. Frog
D. Parrot
41. Some unicellular animals have developed different organelles for locomotion. Which
of the combinations indicated below provides a corresponding pair?
A. Sarcodina and cilia
B. Sarcodina and flagella
C. Mastigophora and flagella
D. Mastigophora and cilia
42. In embryology, three earliest membranes to be reckoned with are _________
membranes.
A. Plasma, chorion and embryonic
B. Chorion amnion and yolk sac
C. Chorion, placenta and umbilical
D. Plasma, amnion and umbilical
43. Phycology is the study of _________
A. algae
B. nematodes
C. viruses
D. protozoa
44. The conversion of a nutrient into a molecule in the body of a consumer is referred to
as _________
A. digestion
B. assimilation
C. absorption
D. inhibition
45. Which of these best explains why arthropods are successful?
A. They possess muscular appendages which may be adapted for crawling
B. Their bodies are divided into segments called septa
C. Their exoskeletons protect them from predators and water loss
D. They produce silk from abdominal glands to spin webs from trapping their prey.
46. Determine the major difference between the skeletons of earthworms and arthropods
A. Earthworms possess exoskeleton while arthropods possess hydrostatic skeleton
B. Earthworms possess skeletons made up of non-living materials while arthropods
possess skeletons made of living materials
C. Earthworms possess hydrostatic skeletons which uses fluid pressure fro support
while arthropods possess exoskeleton.
D. Earthworms possess skeletons made up of living materials while arthropods
possess skeletons of non-living materials.
47. The method of fertilization among vertebrates in which fertilized eggs are retained in
the body of the female until when matured and then hatched out is _________
A. oviparity
B. ovoviviparity
C. viviparity
D. birth
48. From the adaptive features below, choose the class of organisms it best describes
I. It has a naked moist skin
II. It has a three chambered heart
III. It is cold blooded
IV. It has a pair of fore and hind limbs in adult stage
V. It has sticky tongue which can be protruded and retracted quickly
A. reptilia
B. pisces
C. amphibia
D. aves
49. The presence of endoskeleton, gill slits and well developed central nervous system are
characteristics of which of the following?
A. Mammalia and Reptilia
B. Pisces and Arachnida
C. Myriapoda and Amphibia
D. Insecta and Reptilia
50. Paramecium moves about by __________
A. floating
B. looping
C. crawling
D. beating of cilia
SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS
Answer FOUR Questions in all; Not more than ONE Question from each course
BIO 001: GENERAL BIOLOGY
1 Two parents with normal skin and hair colouring had six (6) children, of whom
three (3) were albino. Albino people have no colouring in their skin or hair, due to
having an inactive form of the enzyme tyrosinase. Tyrosinase is essential for the
formation of the brown pigment melanin
1.a The normal allele of the tyrosinase gene is “A” and the allele that produces faulty
tyrosinase is “a”. State the genotype of the parents and their albino children
(5 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
1.b Albinism is relatively frequent condition in humans, but one (1) of these albino
children had a very unusual phenotype. While most of her hair was white, the hair
of her eye brows developed some brown colouring, as did the hair on her hands
and lower legs. Genetic analysis suggested that a mutation occurred in the faulty
tyrosinase allel. Suggest why it is likely that this mutation occurred in the child
with brown coloured eye brows rather than in the tests and ovaries of the parent
1.c A man with normal vision, married a lady with normal vision. Incidentally, their
first son is colour blind. Use a genetic diagram to prove that the man is the father
of the colour blind child. (2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
1.d What was the genotype of the man and his wife? (1 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘 )
2 As the team leader of an environmental study team, you have been commissioned
to undergo a field study to determine the population density and population size of
a given species in a habitat
2.a Design pro-forma that would guide your team to success (5 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
2.b Mention any four (4) materials that would be required (4 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
2.c If the population size of grasshopper is 700 in a sample plot of 100m2, what is the
population density of grasshopper in the plot?
(1 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘 )
BIO 002: BASIC BOTANY
3.a Using six (6) points each describe the following

i) Biological control (3 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
ii) Chemical control (3 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
3.b Enumerate four (4) impacts of climate change on plants

4.a Outline eight (8) general characteristics of ferns (4 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
4.b With the aid of diagram only, describe the life cycle of selaginella
BIO 003: MICROBIOLOGY
5.a State the characteristics of the Archaea using the following guidelines:
i) Mesophiles
ii) Halophiles
iii) Acidophiles
iv) Alkaliphiles
v) Thermophiles
5.b Highlight five (5) biotechnological or beneficial uses of microorganisms.

6.a List two (2) media that are used for the growth of microorganisms in the
laboratory. (2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
6.b Briefly write on the structures that prokaryotes use for attachment.
6.b With illustration, describe the events in each stage of a microbial growth curve of a
batch culture. (5 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
BIO 004: INTRODUCTORY ZOOLOGY
7.a Describe the life cycle of plasmodium in man (8 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
7.b Mention four (4) economic importance of plasmodium (2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
8.a List ten (10) characteristics of the Class reptilia (5 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
8.b Itemize five (5) adaptations of animals in transition from water to land.
SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE ANSWERS
1. Option B
2. Option C
3. Option C
4. Option D
5. Option D
6. Option A
7. Option C
8. Option C
9. Option C
10. Option C
11. Option B
12. Option B
13. Option B
14. Option C
15. Option B
16. Option A
17. Option B
18. Option A
19. Option C
20. Option A
21. Option D
22. Option B
23. Option B
24. Option A
25. Option C
26. Option D
27. Option B
28. Option A
29. Option B
30. Option B
31. Option A
32. Option A
33. Option A
34. Option A
35. Option A
36. Option A
37. Option B
38. Option B
39. Option A
40. Option B
41. Option C
42. Option B
43. Option A
44. Option B
45. Option C
46. Option C
47. Option A
48. Option C
49. Option B
50. Option D
SECTION B: ESSAY ANSWERS
BIO 001: GEN BIOLOGY
1.a
𝑀𝑎𝑛 × 𝑊𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑛
𝑃ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑒: 𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑟 × 𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑟
𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑒: 𝐴 𝑎 × 𝐴 𝑎
𝑂𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔: 𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝑎 𝐴𝑎 𝑎𝑎
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 1: 2: 1
𝑃ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 3: 1
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒,
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 → 𝐴𝑎
𝑂𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 → 𝐴𝐴, 𝐴𝑎, 𝐴𝑎, 𝑎𝑎
1.b The mutation occurs in the gonads (testes & ovaries) of the parents
1.c
𝑀𝑎𝑛 × 𝑊𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑛
𝑃ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑒: 𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 × 𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑟
𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑒: 𝑋 𝑌 × 𝑋 𝑋𝐶
𝑂𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠: 𝑋𝑋 𝑋𝑋 𝐶 𝑋𝑌 𝑋𝐶𝑌
𝑃ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑒: 3: 1
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑑
2.a
2.b
BIO 002: BOTANY
3.a
i) Biological method
(1) Uses of natural enemies of the disease
(2) Keeping the pests under control
(3) Avoid closed planting
(4) Sterilization of soil to control soil – borne diseases
(5) Using suitable natural enemies
(6) It is a slow method
ii) Chemical method

(1) Spraying of plant protection chemical e.g fungicide and insecticide
(2) Spraying insecticide to control insects
(3) Using plant protection chemical for seed dressing
(4) Using nematocide to control nematodes
(5) Using fungicide to control fungi
(6) Using pesticide to control pest
3.b Impacts of climate change on plants

(1) It can increase or decrease the pH of the plant
(2) It can cause erosion, if it changes abnormally
(3) It regulates the topography of the soil holding the plant
(4) It can help in seed dispersal
(5) It regulates the amount of light entering the plant
(6) It can improve the growth of the plant
4.a General characteristics of ferns

(1) They undergo alternation of generation
(2) Their sporophyte is dorminant
(3) The gametophyle is reduced into smaller unit called protalli
(4) They are seedless plants
(5) They possess true root, stern and leaf
(6) They have well developed vagcular bundles
(7) They have relatively large trees called frends
(8) They live on a damped place
(9) Spores are produced on sporangia usually in cluster called sory
(10) They are flowerless plants
4.b Life cycle of selaginella
5.a Characteristics of the archaea

(1) Mesophiles are microorganisms (bacteria) which survive at a temperature of
25℃
(2) Halophiles are microorganisms (bacteria) which survive on a saline area
(3) Acidophiles are microorganism (bacteria) which survive on acidic media
(4) Alkaliphites are microorganism (bacteria) which survive on alkaline media
(5) Thermophiles are microorganisms (bacteria) which survive at a normal body
temperature of 37℃
5.b Biotechnological or beneficial uses of microorganisms

(1) They help in fixation of nitrogen bacteria into the gil
(2) They are used in the production of drugs
(3) Fermentation of tea leaves
(4) Tanning of leathers (conversion of hide to leathers)
(5) Fermentation of sugar into alcohol
(6) Curing and ripening of tobacco
(7) Formation of vinegar from alcohol
6.a Media’s that are used for the growth of microorganisms in the laboratory
(1) Selective media
(2) Differential media
6.b Structures that prokaryotes use for attachment

(1) Filamentous appendages: These are hair like structures or projections that
provide a means of locomotion.
(2) Pili or fimbrac: These are small hair-like projections that originate from the
external surface of the bacterial cell. Their essential function is to enhance the
attachment of the bacteria to various structures
6.c The events in each stage of a microbial growth curve of a batch culture
Stationary
Experi- Death
Number of bacteria log
Phase
Lag mental Phase
Phase Phase
Bacteria
start
to grow
Time
(1) Lag phase: This is the period of the adjustment or preparation for the growth
usually when the organism is fleshly introduced into a medium
(2) Experimental phase: This is the period of experimental growth where the cell
number doubles within a fixed period of time
(3) Stationary phase: it is reached when a region is not replenished or changed
(4) Death phase: it is characterized by the declination of the bacteria cell number
because the death rate is greater than the growth rate.
7.a Life cycle of plasmodium in man

(1) Pre – erythrocytic stage: The life cycle of plasmodium begins when female
anopheles mosquitoes’ bites and deposits sporozoites into the blood stream.
After 30 mins infection. The sporozoites leave the blood and go straight to the
liver where it changes to schizoints. The schzoints from the merozites (about
1000 of them). The merozoites begin to infect the wall of the liver cell until the
liver cell can no longer accommodate it. When this happens, the liver cell burnt
and the merozites enter the blood sinusoid. This is known as the pre-
erythrolytic stage.
Note: It takes 8 to 15 days before the merozoites completely enters the blood
sinusoid depending on the specie of the plasmodium.
(2) Erythrocytic stage: After the merozoites enter the blood sinusoid, the
merozoites from the teophozoites (infective stage). The trophozites infects the
red blood cell thereby releasing the waster product into the cell. The
trophozoites form the gametocytes. This is known as the erythrolytiv stage.
(3) Post – erythrocytic stage: The gametocytes comprises of the microgametocyte

and megagametolyte. Fertilization occurs which leads to the formation of the
cygotes. The zygotes from the rokinette. The rokinette forms the sporolyst. The
cyst breaks which leads to the formation of the sporozoites and the life cycle
begins all over again. This is known as the post – erthrolytic stage.
7.b Economic importance of Plasmodium

(1) Control is expensive
(2) It reduces the working hour
(3) It also causes convultion in children
(4) It gives room for medical research in medical parasitology
(5) It causes malaria fever
8.a Characteristics of the class reptilia

(1) They are cold blooded vertebrates
(2) Their head is carried on the neck
(3) The lower jaw consists of 3 – 6 separate bones
(4) Pulmonary and systemic circulations are partially separated
(5) Sexes are always separated
(6) They respire by means of lung
(7) The have various body shapes i.e. some are compact while some are elongated
vertebrates
(8) Their body is covered with exoskeleton with horny dermal scale
(9) Internal fertilization is present
(10) Absence of parental care except in crocodile
(11) Ability to produce sound
8.b Adaptations of animals in transition from water to land

(1) Presence of lungs for respiration on land
(2) Movable eyelids for vision
(3) Long sticky tangle for carnivorous life
(4) Tymparium membrane for sound detection and perception
(5) Possession of fore and hind limbs
(6) Glandular vascularized system for respiration
1. The first scientist to discover a cell when observing a thin section of dead cork under a
crude compound microscope was
A. Robert Hooke
B. Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek
C. Theodore Schwann
D. Matthias J. Schneider
2. The lowest layer of earth’s atmosphere is the conducive place we live, weather
happens there and as such, almost all clouds are found in this layer. In one word, make
an evaluation of the description above.
A. Mesosphere
B. Thermosphere
C. Troposphere
D. Stratosphere
3. The type of relationship in which an aphid (insect) harbors the bacterium,

Buchneraaphidicola, in its cytoplasm as source for essential amino acids while in
exchange providing a secure habitat and ample nutrients for the bacterium can best be
described as
A. Mutualism
B. Tynergism
C. Commensalism
D. Syntrophism
4. The simplest viruses are referred to as__________

A. Capsid
B. Protein
C. Enveloped viruses
D. Nucleocapsid
5. Which of the following shows a scattered arrangement of vascular bundles?

A. T.S. of Monocot root
B. T.S. of Monocot stem
C. T.S. of Dicot root
D. T.S. of Dicot stem
6. In this decomposition process, different products are released, Carbon Dioxide,

energy, water plants nutrients and resynthesized organic Carbon compounds, identify
the microorganisms responsible for the process
A. Viruses
B. Bacteria
C. Fungi
D. Algae
7. The idea that cells always emerge from cell division i.e Omnis cellula e cellula
A. Robert Hooke
B. Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek
C. Rudolph Virchow
D. Matthias J. Schleiden
8. _________________is the plant growth regulator that acts as anti-transpirant

A. Cytokinin
B. Auxin
C. Ethylene
D. Absiscic acid
9. In the protozoan-termite relationship, the flagellated protozoan living in the gut

converts the cellulose in the diet of wood into_________________
A. Glucose
B. Cellulose
C. Acetate
D. Ethanol
10. A farmer wets his crops daily. He noticed that the crops were growing but realized
some had evaporated through the aerial parts of the plant. The process is referred to as
_______
A. Transportation
B. Osmosis
C. Excretion
D. Transpiration
11. The sac-like structures which are present in the cell and function in the structure and
transport of the selected particles throughout the cell are called_____________
A. Vacuoles
B. Golgi bodies
C. Nuclei
D. Ribosomes
12. During coral bleaching, there is loss of________________

A. Phosphates
B. Nitrogenous compounds
C. Carbon Dioxide
D. Photosynthetic pigments
13. Plasma membrane is

A. A non-selective barrier
B. Made of cellulose
C. Impermeable
D. Selectively permeable
14. A vegetable farmer might wish to increase the number of leaves, what will you
recommend?
A. Give the plant a dose of gibberellin
B. Give the plant a dose of Auxin
C. Decapitate the shoot tip
D. Remove side branches
15. A slender, prostrate stem branch with long or short internodes, creeping on the ground
and such internodes is called______________
A. Stolon
B. Offset
C. Sucker
D. Runner
16. What was the contribution of Schleiden and Schwann to the knowledge of cell?
A. Development of modern cell theory
B. Development of cell theory
C. Development of cell structure
D. Development of prokaryotic cell
17. From a patient’s complaints, and through observation of signs and symptoms, it was
discovered that an acute infectious disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium,
Bacillus species called _________ is diagnosed
A. SARS
B. Anthrax
C. Diphtheria
D. Brucellosis
18. Which of the following is not a usual approach for the preservation of food and food
products from microbial spoilage?
A. Low temperature
B. High temperature
C. Radiation
D. Filtration
19. A plantain trader needed to supply ripe plantains to a consumer in three days but he
had unripe plantains. He then tied up the unripe plantains in a sac for three days after
which the plantains became ripe. The ripening process could be likened to the effect
of which of the following hormones?
A. Gibberellin
B. Cytokinin
C. Ethylene
D. Auxin
20. Beilschmiediamann is a plant that produces a fruit which is used as a rising agent in
baking. The fruit is likely to contain__________
A. Mucor ellipsoideus
B. Rhizopus stolonifer
C. Rhizobium leguminosarum
D. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
21. In 1984, there was an invasion of Lagos water by water hyacinth

(Eichhorniacrassipes). In order to control it without polluting the waters with
herbicide, an insect was introduced to selectively feed on water hyacinth and not on
any other aquatic plants. This type of conservation measure is known as
A. Pest control
B. Biological control
C. Biological selection
D. Competitive selection
22. In a tissue culture experiment, an investigator wishes to initiate root development; the
appropriate hormone to be used to achieve this is ____________________
A. Zeatin
B. Kinetin
C. Gibberellic acid
D. Indole-3-ethanol
23. During pasteurization, milk and milk products are treated to the following conditions.
A. 60°𝐶 𝑓𝑜𝑟 30𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠
B. 60°𝐶 𝑓𝑜𝑟 1ℎ
C. 100°𝐶 𝑓𝑜𝑟 30𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠
D. 121°𝐶 𝑓𝑜𝑟 30𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠
24. Communities have been known to exhibit stratification on both _____ and _____
planes
A. Transverse; vertical
B. Tangential; horizontal
C. Vertical; horizontal
D. Tangential, parallel
25. Guard cells differ from epidermal cells in having_______________

A. Mitochondria
B. Vacuoles
C. Cell wall
D. Chloroplast
26. Four potted plants were placed each in four sealed containers. The relative humidity in
container A was 70%, 50% in container B, 30% in container C and 10% in container
D. In which of the containers will the rate of transpiration be highest?
A. Container A
B. Container B
C. Container C
D. Container D
27. Steam sterilization is carried out with an autoclave, a device somewhat like a pressure
cooker. What are the operating conditions of the autoclave that makes it capable of
being used to eliminate microbial spores?
A. 100°𝐶 𝑓𝑜𝑟 15𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠
B. 121°𝐶 𝑓𝑜𝑟 15𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠
C. 121°𝐶 𝑓𝑜𝑟 60𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠
D. 121°𝐶 𝑓𝑜𝑟 30𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠
28. ___________is the plant anatomical structure that is responsible for humidification of
the atmosphere.
A. Epidermis
B. Stomata
C. Cuticle
D. Trichomes
29. Autecology tends to describe relationship between which of the following

components?
A. Organisms, edaphic and population
B. Population, plants and temperature
C. Environment, animals and community
D. Organisms, population and environment
30. Transpiration in plants will be lowest when _______________

A. There is high humidity in the atmosphere
B. Wind velocity is high
C. There is excess of water in the soil
D. The atmosphere is dry
31. The group of plants that absorb and transport water, minerals and organic nutrients by
diffusion is called__________________
A. Vascular plants
B. Nonvascular plants
C. Hepatophyta
D. Anthocerotophyta
32. Glassware and other heat stable items may be sterilized by dry heat at _____
A. 160°C for 30mins
B. 160°C for 2h
C. 160°C for 4h
D. 160°C for 1h
Use the following illustration to answer questions 33 and 34.
A man lived in a house that is heavily populated with rats. He then acquired a cat as his pet.
After some time, the number of the rats decreased
33. The relationship between the man and his cat can be described as ___
A. Parasitism
B. Predation
C. Mutualism
D. Commensalism
34. The relationship between the cat and the rat is called ______________
A. Ammensalism
B. Predation
C. Commensalism
D. Parasitism
35. A flower that bears the ovary above the other floral parts is said to be____________
A. Superior
B. Inferior
C. Semi-inferior
D. Semi-superior
36. In chloroplasts of green plants, photosynthesis converts Carbon Dioxide into sugars in
a process called
A. Carbon synthesis
B. Carbon fixation
C. Chemosynthesis
D. Redox reaction
37. The father of zoological classification is _________________

A. Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek
B. Carolus Linnaeus
C. Luis Pasteur
D. Charles Darwin
38. _____________ is a protein produced by lymphocytes in the presence of a specific

foreign substance.
A. Antigen
B. Antigenic agent
C. Chemotherapeutic agent
D. Antibody
39. Nuclear membrane disappears at

A. Anaphase
B. Telophase
C. Early prophase
D. Late prophase
40. Which of the following ecological instruments measures the transparency of water?
A. Hygrometer
B. Hydrometer
C. Light meter
D. Seechi disc
41. _____________consists of groups of axially elongated and tightly packed cells with
unevenly thickened walls.
A. Collenchyma
B. Sclerenchyma
C. Protective tissue
D. Aerenchym
42. Artificially acquired active immunity can be induced by ________________

A. Vaccine
B. Antibiotic
C. Injection
D. Antibody
43. _____________ exhibits alternating medusoid and polypoid forms in its life cycle.
A. Vorticella
B. Opalina
C. Actinia
D. Entamoeba
44. Annelids have _________________

A. Elongated flat body
B. Elongated cylindrical body
C. Segmented flat body
D. Elongated ciliated body
45. Chiasmata formation during meiosis occurs at which stage?

A. Diplotene
B. Leplotene
C. Zygotene
D. Pachytene
46. Infectious agents that cause spongiform encephalopathies such as scrapie in sheep and
composed only of protein are called____________
A. Viruses
B. Prions
C. Virion
D. Prokaryotic cell
47. Another word for detritus is_________

A. Producer
B. Decomposer
C. Consumer
D. Primary consumer
48. The respiratory pigment in insect is known as _____________________

A. Haemoglobin
B. Cytochrome
C. Haemocyanin
D. Haemocytes
49. The following organisms have uniform cilia except______________

A. Paramecium
B. Plasmodium
C. Bolancidium
D. Didymium
50. A loaf of bread left on a kitchen cupboard was observed to have been infested with
yellow, black and white patches after four days. The organisms that have imparted the
colours are most likely to be________________
A. Mucor, rhizopus and bacillusrespectively
B. Mucor, aspergillus and Rhizopus respectively
C. Aspergillus, trichoderma and trichonympha respectively
D. Bacillus, gonoderma and trichoderma respectively.
1.a A breeder had rabbits with brown hair. Using a Punnet square, describe how the
breeder could possibly know if the rabbits are homozygous dominant or
heterozygous recessive. (6 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
1.b For two parents with sickle cell trait, work out the chances of producing a sickle
cell anaemic child and a normal child. (4 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
2.a Define Evolution (2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
2.b Differentiate between the following terms:

i) Divergent and convergent evolution
ii) Ammensalism and Commensalism (4 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
2.c Enumerate four differences between Meiosis and Mitosis (4 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
3.a Define the term autotrophic nutrition. (2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
3.b Briefly describe the three main events that take place during the light-dependent
reactions of photosynthesis (6 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
3.c State any two pigments present in themembranes of the chloroplast.

4.a In a tabular form, give 5 differences between the xylem tissue and the phloem
tissue. (5 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
4.b How Define the following terms:

i) Apopast movement
ii) Perfect flower
iii) Translocation
iv) Photorespiration and
v) Alternation of generation (5 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
BIO 003: MICRO BIOLOGY
5.a Describe Outline the function of the following organelles/structure in a prokaryotic

cell.
i) Gas Vacuole
ii) Fimbriae
iii) Capsule
iv) Endospore
v) Flagella
5.b Write short notes on the following types of culture media

i) Enriched medium
ii) Selective medium
iii) Differential medium
iv) Complex medium
v) Chemically defined medium
6.a Outline the general morphological shape of bacteria.

6.b Explain the roles of Safranin and Methylene Blue in Gram Staining Procedure.
BIO 004: FUNDAMENTALS OF ZOOLOGY
7.a State seven characteristics of phylum arthropoda (5 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
7.b Insects are said to be the most successful animals. Discuss the characteristics that
contribute to their success. (5 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
8.a Draw and label the mammalian heart. (7 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
8.b Briefly describe pulmonary circulation in mammals (3 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
1. Option A
2. Option C
3. Option A
4. Option B
5. Option D
6. Option C
7. Option C
8. Option D
9. Option B
10. Option D
11. Option A
12. Option D
13. Option D
14. Option A
15. Option A
16. Option B
17. Option B
18. Option A
19. Option C
20. Option D
21. Option B
22. Option A
23. Option A
24. Option C
25. Option D
26. Option D
27. Option D
28. Option B
29. Option D
30. Option A
31. Option A
32. Option D
33. Option C
34. Option B
35. Option A
36. Option B
37. Option D
38. Option D
39. Option C
40. Option D
41. Option A
42. Option A
43. Option C
44. Option C
45. Option A
46. Option B
47. Option B
48. Option A
49. Option A
50. Option B
1.a The technique to be used by the breeder is called test cross and this involves
crossing the Brown-haired rabbit having an unknown genotype with a homozygous
recessive rabbit.
BB × bb
Bb Bb
B Bb Bb
B Bb Bb
If it is homozygous dominant Brown rabbit, all the offspring of the cross will be
Brown haired rabbits
BB × bb
b b
B Bb Bb
b bb bb
If the rabbit is heterozygous recessive, the phenotypic ratio of the offspring will be
1:1
1.b 𝐻𝑏𝐻𝑏 ⇒ 𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙
𝐻𝑏 𝑠 𝐻𝑏 ⇒ 𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑟
𝐻𝑏 𝑠 𝐻𝑏 𝑠 ⇒ 𝑆𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑙𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑎
𝑀𝑎𝑛 (𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑟) × 𝑊𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑛 (𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑟)

𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡:
𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑒: 𝐻𝑏 𝑠 𝐻𝑏 × 𝐻𝑏 𝑠 𝐻𝑏
𝐻𝑏 𝑠 𝐻𝑏
𝑮𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆: 𝐻𝑏 𝑠 𝐻𝑏
𝐹1 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝐻𝑏 𝑠 𝐻𝑏 𝑠 𝑠 𝐻𝑏 𝑠 𝐻𝑏
𝐻𝑏 𝐻𝑏 𝐻𝑏𝐻𝑏
Type equation here.
Genotypic ratio = 1 ∶ 2 ∶ 1
1
i) Probability of producing sickle cell anaemia child = = 25%
4
1
ii) Probability of producing a normal child = = 25%
4
2.a Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations
over successive generations.
2.b
i) Difference between Divergent and Convergent evolution.
Convergent Evolution Divergent Evolution

This shows how species have This shows / demonstrates how
evolved separately but has species can have common
similar (analogous) structures (homologous) anatomical
structures which have evolved
for different purposes.
This evolution happens in This evolution is observed in
organisms that are not closely organisms that are closely related
related
ii) Differences between Ammensalism and Commensalism
Ammensalism Commensalism
It is an interaction between two It is an interaction between two

organisms in which one inhibits species in which one specie is
the growth of the other by benefitting and the other species
secreting chemicals called is neither harmed nor
Allochemics. benefitting. The one that
benefits is the commensal while
the harmed is the host
2.c Differences between Meiosis and Mitosis
Meiosis Mitosis
Homologous chromosomes pair up Homologous chromosomes remain

or associate with one another separated
There is formation of Chiasmata No formation of Chiasmata
Crossing over may occur There is no crossing
Two whole chromosomes form No formation of bivalent

bivalent
Pairs of chromosomes line up on the Pairs of chromatids line up on the
equator equator of the spindle
Centromere do not divide Centromere divide
Whole chromosomes separate Chromatids separate
Separating chromosomes and their Separating chromatids are identical

chromatids may not be identical due
to crossing over
The number of chromosomes of The same number of chromosomes is
daughter cell is half the number in present in daughter cell as a parent
the parent cell cell.
Only one of each pair of homologous Both homologous chromosomes are
chromosomes is present in the present in daughter cell if haploid.
daughter cell
It occurs only in diploid or polyploid It occurs in haploid, diploid and
cells polyploid cells.
It occurs during production of It occurs during growth and
gametes formation of somatic cells and some
spores.
Four daughter cells are formed. Two offspring cells are formed
There is exchange of material which There is no exchange of materials.
results in variation
It involves two stages of division It involves only one stage of
division.
3.a Autotrophic Nutrition: This is the mode of nutrition in which an organism makes
its own food from the simple inorganic materials like carbon dioxide and water
present in the surrounding with the help of Sunlight.
3.b The three main events that occur during the light – dependent reactions of
photosynthesis are as follows.
In the light dependent reactions, energy absorbed by sunlight is stored by two
types of energy - carrier molecules ATP and NADPH. The energy that these
molecules carried is stored in a bond that holds a single atom to the molecule. For
ATP, it is a phosphate atom and for NADPH, it is a hydrogen atom.
In the first part of photosynthesis light dependent reaction, a photon of light hits
chlorophyll (a pigment molecule) causing an electron to be energized. The free
electron travels through the electron transport chain, which pumps hydrogen ions
into the thylakoid space, transferring the energy into the electrochemical gradient.
The energy of the electrochemical gradient is used to power the ATP synthase and
the ion flow from the thylakoid space into the stroma in a process called
Chemiosmosis to form molecules of ATP, which are used for the formation of
sugar molecule in a process called phosphorylation. Photosystem absorbs a second
photon which results in the formation of high energy bond of an NADPH molecule
and other energy carrier for the Calvin cycle reaction and leaves.
3.c Pigments present in the membranes of the chloroplast;

i) Chlorophyll
ii) Carotenoid pigments
iii) Phycobilins
4.a
Xylem tissue Phloem tissue
Xylem fibres are smaller Phloem fibres are larger
Xylem occupies the center of the Phloem is located on the outer side
vascular bundle of the vascular bundle
Xylem tissues are tabular – shaped Phloem tissues are elongated,
structure, with absence of cross tabular – shaped structures that
walls. This tissue resembles the include thin sieve tubes with walls
shape of a star
These tissues move in a These tissues move in a
Unidirectional manner (only in Bidirectional manner (both the
one direction – upward direction) ways – up and down)
hollows
They live with hollows dead cells They live with cytoplasm without
the nucleus
It consists of tracheids, vessel It consists of four elements: sieve
elements, xylem parenchyma, tubes, companion cells, phloem
xylem sclerenchyma and xylem fibers, bast fibers, intermediary
fibers cells and the phloem parenchyma.
They are present in leaves, stems They are present in leaves, roots,
and roots. stems but transports and grow in
fruits seeds and root.
4.b
i) Apoplast Movement: This is the process of water absorption from the root hair
cells through the non-protoplasmic spaces; the cell wall and the intercellular
spaces (which are fully permeable) of the root cortex to the xylem of the root.
ii) Perfect Flower: This is a bisexual or hermaphrodite flower with male
reproductive part called stamens and female reproductive part called carpels.
iii) Translocation: This is the movement of materials from leaves to other tissues
throughout the plants to produce carbohydrates (sugars) on their leaves by
photosynthesis, but non photosynthetic parts of the plant also require
carbohydrates another organic and non – organic materials.
iv) Photorespiration:-This is a respiratory process in many higher plants by which

plants take up oxygen on the light and give out some carbon dioxide, contrary to
the general pattern of photosynthesis.
v) Alternation of generation (also known as metagenesis): Is the type of life cycle

that occurs in those plants and algae in the Archaeplastida and the
Heterokontophyta that have distant sexual haploid and asexual diploid stages.
5.a
i) Gas Vacuole: Its inflation and deflation provides buoyancy, allowing the
bacterium to float at a desired depth in the water.
ii) Fimbriae: It enhances the attachment of bacteria to various structures or bodies

outside the cells and resists flushing.
iii) Capsule
(1) It prevents the bacteria from phagocytosis disease.
(2) It produces cells from engulfment by eukaryotic cells, such asmacrophages.
(3) It contains water which protects the bacteria against desiccation.
iv) Endospore: It ensures the survival of bacteria through periods of environmental

stress.
v) Flagella
(1) They are tiny locomotion motors that allow the cell to move.
(2) They serve as sensory organelle that can detect temperature differences as well
as chemical outside the cell.
5.b Enriched Medium

Enriched media contain the nutrients required to support the growth of a wide
variety of organisms, including some of the more fastidious ones. They are
commonly used to harvest as many different types of microbes. Enrichment
medium is general purpose enrichment agar which can nourish and support the
growth of gram – negative bacteria. It can be supplemented with blood for
enriched growth. This medium contains peptic digest of animal tissue and yeast
extract which serves as source of nitrogen, carbon, amino acids, vitamins and
growth factors for growth of bacteria. Dipotassium phosphate buffers the medium
well. Agar is solidifying agent.
Selective Medium
This is one which has a component added to it which will inhibit or prevent the
growth of certain types or species of bacteria and/or promote the growth of desired
species. The physical conditions of a culture medium can also be adjusted; e.g. pH
and temperature, rendering it selective for organisms that are able to grow under
these certain conditions.
Differential Medium
Differential medium or indicator medium distinguishes one micro organism’s type
from another growing on the same medium. This type of medium uses the
biochemical characteristics of a micro organism growing in the presence of
specific nutrients or indicators (such as neutral red, phenol red, eosin, or methylene
blue) added to the medium to visibly indicate the defining characteristics of a
micro organism.
Complex Medium
This is an undefined medium having some complex ingredients, such as yeast
extract or casein hydrolysate, which consists of a mixture of many chemical
species in unknown properties. Undefined media are sometimes chosen based on
price and sometimes by necessity – some microorganism have never been cultured
on defined media.
Chemically Defined Medium

A chemically defined medium is entirely free of animal – derived components
(including microbial derived components such as yeast extract) and represents the
purest and most consistent cell culture environment. By definition, chemically or
human serum albumin as these products are derived from bovine or human sources
and contain complex mixes of albumins and lipids. Chemically – defined media
differ from serum – free media in that bovine serum albumen or human serum
albumen with either a chemical defined recombinant version (which lacks the
albumen associated lipids) or synthetic chemical such as the polymer, polyvinyl
alcohol which can reproduce some of the functions of serums.
6.a Morphological Shapes of bacteria

There are basically three categories in which bacteria are grouped into, based on
their shape: Spherical, Cylindrical and Spiral.
(1) Coccus: The coccus bacteria are spherical or oval in shape; they are round
cells, sometimes slightly flattened when they are adjacent to one another.
(2) Bacillus: Bacilli (or bacillus for a single cell) are rod or cylindrical in shape.
(3) Spirilla (or spirillum for a single cell) are curved bacteria which can range from
a gently helical shape to a corkscrew-like spiral.
6.b Role of Safranin in Gram Staining Procedure

The purpose of Safranin in the Gram’s stain procedure is that it directly stains the
gram – negative bacteria that became decolorized. The gram – positive bacteria are
already stained and not affected by the Safranin. It gives the gram – negative
bacteria the pink / red colour.
Role of Methylene Blue

It is recommended for use in the staining of gram – negative bacteria found in
spiral fluid, namely Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis. This
technique, more so than the gram stain, allows for better contrast between these
grams– negative organisms and the background.
7.a Characteristics of Phylum Arthropoda

(1) They are exoskeleton made up of chitin.
(2) They have segmented bodies (head, thorax and abdomen)
(3) They have jointed appendages modified for different functions.
(4) They are bilaterally symmetrical as regards their body structure.
(5) They have open circulatory system with dorsal heart, arteries and open sinuses.
(6) They are triploblastic having a body derived from three embryonic cell layers
(ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm), as in all multicellular animals except
sponges and coelenterates.
(7) Possession of a blue blood pigment called haemocyanin.
(8) They possess compound eyes and antenna.
(9) They possess a well-developed nervous system.
7.b Characteristics that make insect very successful are;

(1) They possess an amazing diversity in size, form and behaviour.
(2) They have a protective shell or exoskeleton.
(3) They are small and can fly which permits their escape from enemies and
dispersal to new environments.
8.a The Mammalian Heart
8.b Pulmonary Circulation in Mammals

The pulmonary circulation is the portion of the circulatory system which carries
deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs and
returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium and ventricle of the heart. The term
pulmonary circulation is readily paired and contrasted with the systemic
circulation. The vessels of the pulmonary circulation are the pulmonary arteries
and the pulmonary veins. Pulmonary circulation moves blood between the heart
and the lungs. It transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs to absorb oxygen and
release carbon dioxide. The oxygenated blood then flows back to the heart.
.
1. Which of the following diseases could be exclusively associated with a river basin?
A. Malaria
B. Syphilis
C. Onchocerciasis
D. Cholera
2. In mammals, the function of the sebaceous gland is to

A. produce sweat
B. secrete sodium
C. secrete water
D. produce sebum
3. Osteoporosis is a disease of the

A. Lungs
B. Skin
C. Bones
D. Eyes
4. The type of reproduction that is common to both Hydra and yeast is

A. Grafting
B. Budding
C. Conjugation
D. binary fission
5. The difference between the largest and the smallest data values is the
A. Variance
B. interquartile range
C. range
D. coefficient of variation
6. The function of ribosomes in cells is

A. protein synthesis
B. starch synthesis
C. transport of materials
D. lipid storage
7. Which statement correctly describes homologous chromosomes?

A. They are formed during meiosis
B. They are held together by centromeres
C. They are identical
D. They carry the same gene loci
8. Which one of the following is a correct outline of the main events in photosynthesis?
A. Oxygen reacts with a carbohydrate to produce water and carbon-dioxide in the
presence of light
B. Light join carbon-dioxide to an acceptor compound which is then reduced by
hydrogen obtained from water
C. Light splits water and the resulting hydroxyl group combines with a compound
which has incorporated carbon-dioxide
D. Carbon-dioxide combines with an acceptor compound and this is reduced by
hydrogen split from water by light
9. Breathing movement in mammals is accompanied by regular movement of the

diaphragm and the
A. intercostal muscles
B. vertebral column
C. clavicle
D. pleural cavity
10. Organisms that require oxygen to grow are called
A. psychrophilic organisms
B. thermophilic organisms
C. aerobes
D. hyperthermophiles
11. Organisms that retain the blue/purple color in their cell wall in gram staining
technique are
A. microaerophile
B. viable cells
C. gram positive organisms
D. gram negative organisms
12. Which of the following nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA?
A. Adenine
B. Thymine
C. Uracil
D. Guanine
13. The study of groups of organisms is called

A. Ecology
B. Autecology
C. Gynecology
D. Synecology
14. Genetic rearrangement between non sister chromatids is known as

A. cross over
B. synapsis
C. random fertilization
D. character
15. One of the following is not a type of dormancy.
A. Induced
B. Innate
C. Enforced
D. Applied
16. The terrestrial species of class Gastropoda prevent water loss by means of
A. Apiphragm
B. Nephridia
C. Radula
D. Epiphragm
17. The first forms of life on Earth were thought to be

A. single-celled plants
B. prokaryotes
C. insects
D. large animals such as dinosaurs
18. Which polysaccharide is usually found in the cell walls of fungi?

A. Starch
B. Glycogen
C. Chitin
D. Cellulose
19. What adaptation do seed plants have in addition to the seed that is not found in
seedless plants?
A. Gametophytes
B. Vascular tissue
C. Pollen
D. Chlorophyll
20. Prokaryotes stain as Gram-positive or Gram-negative because of differences in the
A. Cell wall.
B. Cytoplasm.
C. Nucleus.
D. Chromosome.
21. External fertilization occurs in _________ type of environment?

A. Aquatic
B. Forested
C. Savanna
D. Steppe
22. What kind of ecosystem are exotic species especially threatening to?
A. Deserts
B. Marine ecosystems
C. Islands
D. Tropical forests
23. Each neurone contains

A. soma, dendrites and axon
B. sensory, association and motor
C. cerebrum, cerebellum and hypothalamus
D. afferent, efferent and mixed
24. One of these statements is not true about Berry and Drupe.
A. They both have thin epicarp
B. They both have fleshy succulent mesocarp
C. Their endocarp is edible
D. They both have seed
25. Antibiotic discovery was done by the Scottish bacteriologist
A. Alexander Penicillius
B. Alexander Fleming
C. Alexandes Fleming
D. Alexandes Penicillius
26. The type of cell division which forms the basis of Mendel’s law of segregation is
A. Mitosis
B. Meiosis
C. Somatic
D. Synoptic
27. Archaebacteria is simply

A. A prokaryotes without cell wall
B. An eukaryotes without cell wall
C. A prokaryote without a peptidoglycan cell wall
D. An eukaryotes without a peptidoglycan cell wall
28. Leucosoleniabelongs to class __

A. Calcispongiae
B. Hexactinellida
C. Demospongiae
D. Porifera
29. A pseudopodia that is threadlike, branched and interconnected is known as

A. Lobopodia
B. Actinopodia
C. Filopodia
D. Reticulopodia
30. Photosynthetic microphylls are found in
A. Division Psilophyta
B. Division Lycophyta
C. Division Sphenophyta
D. Division Pterophyta
31. Polio myelitis is an infectious disease caused by

A. virus
B. protozoan
C. bacterium
D. fungus
32. Which of these is a trace element?

A. Iron
B. Copper
C. Calcium
D. Sulphur
33. Which of these diseases cannot be prevented by immunization?

A. Polio myelitis
B. Tuberculosis
C. Cholera
D. Onchocerciasis
34. Hydra removes undigested food by

A. passing it through the anus
B. passing it through the mouth
C. means of contractile vacuole
D. digesting it through the body surface
35. Which of the following is INCORRECT? The prothallus of a fern
A. is a flattened heart shaped structure
B. B.is green because its cells contain chloroplast
C. is the dominant plant
D. bears the sexual organs
36. The science of taxonomy has two branches namely ____ and _____
A. Biology naming and biochemistry
B. Nomenclature and Classification
C. Botany and systematic
D. Microbiology and systematic
37. To complement biotic analysis in measuring environmental factors the following are
studied except
A. Soil
B. Water
C. Topography
D. Geography
38. The period between inoculation of bacteria in culture medium and the beginning of
multiplication is known as
A. log phase
B. lag phase
C. stationary phase
D. decline phase
39. Small proteinaceous infectious particles that do not contain nucleic acid genome that
codes for their progeny are
A. bacteria
B. viruses
C. HIV
D. Prion
40. Example of all-purpose media used in cultivation of bacteria by a bacteriologist is

A. selenitc agar
B. blood agar
C. nutrient agar
D. tryptone soy agar
41. Which of the following is not a characteristic feature of the phylum Cnidarian?
A. Polymorphism
B. Cephalisation
C. Body of two-germ layers
D. Nematocysts
42. Which of the following groups of plants are not considered as lower plants?
A. Pteridophytes
B. Bryophytes
C. Cryptogams
D. Spermatophytes
43. Non-living bodies in the cell includes one of these _________

A. Starch grains
B. Chloroplast
C. Ribosomes
D. Cell wall
44. Alternation of generation in plants involves which of the following?

A. Processes in two sexual pathways
B. Processes in one single sexual pathway
C. Spores dispersal alone
D. Processes in homogamy alone
45. Which of these is not a form of respiration in Amphibians?
A. Cuteneous
B. Tubular
C. Pulmunary
D. Buccal-Pharyngeal
46. The factor that least affects food shortage in the sub - Saharan Africa is
A. flooding
B. pests
C. mixed cropping
D. drought
47. Which one of the following factors may not directly affect population density of
organisms?
A. Edaphic
B. Nutritional
C. Mortality
D. Emigration
48. One of the major causes of laboratory acquired infection is inhalation of ______
A. air
B. water
C. particles
D. infectious aerosol
49. The major cell of the specific immune system are __________
A. bone marrow cells
B. erythrocytes
C. lymphocytes
D. monocytes
50. The normal microbacter of the stomach include all of the following except:
A. Streptococcus
B. Staphylococcus
C. Lactobacillus
D. Diphtheriods
1.a State 6 differences between sexual and asexual reproduction. (6 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)

1.b Write short notes on any 2 of the following: (4 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
i) Haplontic life cycle
ii) Diplontic life cycle
iii) Haplodiplantic life cycle
2.a Define the following terms

i) Genotype
ii) Phenotype
iii) Hybrid
iv) Dominant character (4 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
2.b State clearly Mendel’s first and second laws of inheritance (2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
2.c If a pure breeding brown coloured rat BB is crossed with a pure breeding White rat
bb, using diagrams only, show the genotype of the offspring up to the second filial
generation. (4 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
3.a How does water in the soil enter the root hair of a plant? (6 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
3.b Name the tissue that conducts water from the root to the stem and leaves in a
flowering Plant? (4 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
4.a What is a tissue (1 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
4.b How are plant tissue formed (3 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
4.c Describe the structure and function of two vascular tissue (6 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
BIO 003: MICRO BIOLOGY
5.a Describe the formation of two molecules of pyruvate during respiration.

6.a Define the following terms

i) Aseptic technique
ii) Antigens
iii) Antibodies
iv) Immunity (4 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
6.b List 6 rules that must be observed for any aseptic technique (6 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
BIO 004: FUNDAMENTALS OF ZOOLOGY
7.a State five functions of testosterone. (5 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
7.b With aid of diagram only, describe mature spermatozoon. (5 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
8.a List any 6 characteristics of the phylum mullusca. (6 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
8.b Give 4 economic importance of the sub-class pulmonata. (4 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
1. Option C
2. Option D
3. Option C
4. Option B
5. Option C
6. Option A
7. Option D
8. Option D
9. Option A
10. Option C
11. Option C
12. Option C
13. Option A
14. Option A
15. Option D
16. Option D
17. Option B
18. Option C
19. Option C
20. Option A
21. Option A
22. Option C
23. Option A
24. Option C
25. Option B
26. Option B
27. Option C
28. Option A
29. Option D
30. Option B
31. Option A
32. Option B
33. Option D
34. Option B
35. Option C
36. Option B
37. Option D
38. Option B
39. Option D
40. Option C
41. Option B
42. Option D
43. Option D
44. Option A
45. Option B
46. Option C
47. Option A
48. Option D
49. Option C
50. Option D
1.a Six differences between Sexual and Asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction Asexual reproduction

It involves two parents It involves one parent
It leads to variation It does not lead to variation
It involves meiosis division It involves mitosis division
Offspring are genetically Offspring is genetically similar
different from parents to parent
It involves the formation of It does not involve the formation
reproductive sex of sex
cell or gamete cell or gamete
Fusion of gametes result in the A single parent divides to form a
formation of zygote daughter cell
Diploid zygote or embryo is Haploid daughter cell is formed
formed
1.b
i) Haplontic life cycle
This is a life cycle in which the organism ends its diploid phase and produces
several haploid cell which divides mitotically to form larger multicellular
individuals or more haploid cells of two opposite gametes (male and female) called
Haplont which fuses together to form zygote.
ii) Diplontic life cycle
This is a type of life cycle in which the zygote divides mitotically to produce a
multicellular diploid or a group of more unicellular diploid cells which undergoes
meiosis to produce haploid cells or gametes, the produced diploid forms diplontic.
The haploid cells may divide again by mitosis form more haploid cells.
iii) Haplodiplontic life cycle
This is a type of life cycle in which the zygote divides mitotically to produce a
multicellular diploid sporophyte which produces spore, through meiosis and then
divide mitotically to produce diploids called gametophytes. The gametophyte
produces gametes through mitosis.
2.a
i) Genotype
This can be defined as the genetic composition or constituent of an organism
which may be Heterozygous or Homozygous. It can also be defined as the inward
appearance or sum total of genes inherited from both parents either recessive or
dominant
ii) Phenotype
This can be defined as the outward appearance of an organism resulting from
interaction of a given genotype or a particular gene with its environment.
iii) Hybrid
This can be defined as the crossing over between two parents of different character
hereby producing an offspring with different character as well.
iv) Dominant character
This can be defined as the allele or trait which manifests itself when present in an
heterozygous condition, e.g. Tt,“T” is said to be dominant over “t”
2.b
i) Mendel’s first law of inheritance states that factor responsible for transmission of
character called genes must be present in pairs and these factors segregate at
gametogenesis so that only half is present in the gametes.
ii) Mendel’s second law of independent assortment of gene states that when two
pairs of contrasting character are crossed, the factor controlling them segregate and
then recombine at random to form all possible combination.
2.c
𝑏𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡

× 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑓𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡
𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑒:
𝑀𝑒𝑖𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑠: BB × bb
𝐺𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑠: B B b b
𝐹1 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: Bb Bb Bb Bb
Phenotype: All brown rats
Phenotypic ratio: Brown (4): White (0)
For first filial generation, 4 heterozygous coloured brown rats are produced
𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑒: 𝑏𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡 × 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑓𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡
𝑀𝑒𝑖𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑠: Bb × Bb
𝐺𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑠: b
𝐹2 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: Bb Bb Bb bb
3.a Water in the soil enter through a plant from its roots hair cell through a process
known as osmosis until it reaches the xylem. It is transported through the xylem
vessel to the leaves via the stem and evaporates from the leaves (transpiration).
3.b The tissue that conducts water from the root to the stem and leave in flowering
plant is xylem which consists of xylem vessels, xylem tracheids, xylem fibers and
xylem parenchyma. The xylem vessels are responsible for the transportation of
water and nutrients from roots to shoots and leaves.
4.a Tissue
A tissue may be defined as a group or collection of similar or dissimilar cells that
perform a common function and have a common origin.
4.b Plant tissue is formed by grouping together of similar or dissimilar cells to perform
a common function and have a common origin. This can be classified as
meristematic and permanent tissue.
4.c Structure and function of two vascular tissues:

The two vascular tissues are xylem and phloem. Xylem is to take water and
mineral salt from the root system to the leave and phloem is to take the food from
the leave (being the area of photosynthesis or storage) to all other parts of the
plant.
Functions of vascular tissues are:
They help in transportation of water

They help in transportation of food
They help in transportation of dissolved minerals
They provide support for the plant due to thick cell wall
They conduct sucrose made in the leaves to the rest of the plant
They help in transportation of nutrient.
5.a The two molecules of Pyruvates during respiration called glycolysis are produced
through three stages as follows;
i) Phosphorylation of the sugar
ii) Splitting
iii) Oxidation by dehydrogenation
Glycolysis
This is the breaking down of one molecule of glucose (6 - carbon sugar) into two
molecules of pyruvic acid (3 – carbon sugar).
Phosphorylation of the sugar
This is the process which activates the sugar thereby making it more reactive and
formation of hexose phosphate is achieved.
Splitting (lysis) This is the stage whereby the 6 - carbon sugar is breaking down into
3 - carbons sugar phosphate.
Oxidation
This is the process whereby the 3 – carbon sugar phosphate is converted to Pyruvic
acid.
6.a
i) Aseptic technique
This can be defined as a method of keeping micro – organisms from growing in an
area and the spread of microorganism from one area to another.
ii) Antigens
This can be defined as substance which enters into the body and stimulates the
body to produce anti – bodies in response to fight off the diseases present in the
body.
iii) Antibodies
This is defined as protein called immunoglobulin produced in the body by Lymph
ayes in response to an antigen released in the blood stream.
iv) Immunity
This can be defined as the ability of an organism to resist harmful microorganism
from entering into its system.
6.b 6 rules that must be observed for any aseptic technique
Unsterile person must avoid sterile areas

Sterile person should avoid learning over an un – sterile area
Sterile person should touch sterile items
Sterile item is used within a sterile field
Microorganism must be kept to an irreducible minimum
A sterile field is prepared within or close to the time it is to be used.
BIO 004: MODERN PHYSICS
7.a 5 functions of Testosterone

It stimulates the development of male character
It helps in production of sperm
It stimulates the production of new blood cell
It ensures that muscles and bone stay strong during and after puberty
It enhances libido i.e sex urge
It regulates the secretion of luteinizing hormone
7.b Diagram of a matured spermatozoa
8.a Six characteristics of the phylum Mollusca

They possess head (cephalization)
They are triploblastic
They are coelomate
Presence of blood pigmate called haemocyanin
They have complete digestive system
They are bilaterally symmetrical
They have a larva stage called trocophore larvae
Presence of chitin in the skeleton
Presence of tentacles for sensitivity
Presence of muscular foot for locomotion. Example includes; Snail, Octopus
8.b Economic Importance of sub – class
They serve as food for man
Their shells can serve as habitat for some other organism
They can be used for research purpose e.g. octopus
They can serve as tourist attraction
They serve as source of protein and mineral
Their shells are used for decoration.
Their shells are used as sources of calcium for animal feeds.

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SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Answer ALL Questions

1. Protozoa that move by pseudopodia belong to the class?

OPTION LYSOSOME GOLGI RIBOSOME CELL

C Absent Absent Present Present

𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑄𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 23 𝑎𝑛𝑑 24 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑦.

30. The parts labeled A, B and C are _________ respectively

BIO 001: GENERAL BIOLOGY

3.a Using six (6) points each describe the following

3.b Enumerate four (4) impacts of climate change on plants

4.a Outline eight (8) general characteristics of ferns (4 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)

5.b Highlight five (5) biotechnological or beneficial uses of microorganisms.

7.a Describe the life cycle of plasmodium in man (8 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)

7.b Mention four (4) economic importance of plasmodium (2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)

8.a List ten (10) characteristics of the Class reptilia (5 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)

BIO 001: GEN BIOLOGY

𝑃ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑒: 𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑟 × 𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑟

𝑃ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑒: 𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 × 𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑟

ii) Chemical method

3.b Impacts of climate change on plants

4.a General characteristics of ferns

4.b Life cycle of selaginella

5.a Characteristics of the archaea

5.b Biotechnological or beneficial uses of microorganisms

6.b Structures that prokaryotes use for attachment

(3) Stationary phase: it is reached when a region is not replenished or changed

7.a Life cycle of plasmodium in man

(3) Post – erythrocytic stage: The gametocytes comprises of the microgametocyte

7.b Economic importance of Plasmodium

8.a Characteristics of the class reptilia

8.b Adaptations of animals in transition from water to land

3. The type of relationship in which an aphid (insect) harbors the bacterium,

4. The simplest viruses are referred to as__________

5. Which of the following shows a scattered arrangement of vascular bundles?

6. In this decomposition process, different products are released, Carbon Dioxide,

8. _________________is the plant growth regulator that acts as anti-transpirant

9. In the protozoan-termite relationship, the flagellated protozoan living in the gut

12. During coral bleaching, there is loss of________________

13. Plasma membrane is

21. In 1984, there was an invasion of Lagos water by water hyacinth

25. Guard cells differ from epidermal cells in having_______________

29. Autecology tends to describe relationship between which of the following

30. Transpiration in plants will be lowest when _______________

Use the following illustration to answer questions 33 and 34.

37. The father of zoological classification is _________________

38. _____________ is a protein produced by lymphocytes in the presence of a specific

39. Nuclear membrane disappears at

42. Artificially acquired active immunity can be induced by ________________

44. Annelids have _________________

45. Chiasmata formation during meiosis occurs at which stage?

47. Another word for detritus is_________

48. The respiratory pigment in insect is known as _____________________

49. The following organisms have uniform cilia except______________

BIO 001: GEN BIOLOGY

2.a Define Evolution (2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)

2.b Differentiate between the following terms:

2.c Enumerate four differences between Meiosis and Mitosis (4 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)

3.a Define the term autotrophic nutrition. (2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)

3.c State any two pigments present in themembranes of the chloroplast.

4.b How Define the following terms:

5.a Describe Outline the function of the following organelles/structure in a prokaryotic

5.b Write short notes on the following types of culture media

6.a Outline the general morphological shape of bacteria.

7.a State seven characteristics of phylum arthropoda (5 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)