Autism Detection, Analysis and Treatment

Management System

MANAV SUDHIR PALURU, BHAGYASRI DOMMARAJU, Dr J D DORATHI JAYASEELI,

Dept. Of Computing Dept. Of Computing Technologies, Dept. Of Computing Technologies,
Technologies, SRM Instituteof SRM Instituteof Science and SRM Instituteof Science and
Science and Technology, KTR, Technology, KTR, Chennai Technology, KTR, Chennai
Chennai

ABSTRACT I. INTRODUCTION

The Autism Detection and Treatment Management The Autism Detection and Treatment Management
System leverages machine learning algorithms for System harnesses the power of machine learning
early autism spectrum disorder (ASD) detection and integrated into a robust PHP MySQL-based full-stack
personalized treatment planning. This PHP MySQL website to revolutionize the identification and
full-stack website integrates user-friendly interfaces handling of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). At its
for data input and analysis. The system employs core, this innovative system aims to streamline the
supervised learning models trained on extensive process of detecting ASD in individuals of varying
behavioral and diagnostic datasets to accurately ages and supporting their treatment management. By
identify potential ASD indicators in individuals. amalgamating sophisticated machine learning
Features include comprehensive profiling, aiding algorithms and an intuitive web interface, the system
clinicians in tailored intervention strategies. Real- empowers healthcare professionals, caregivers, and
time monitoring and feedback mechanisms enable individuals themselves with a comprehensive toolset.
ongoing assessment and adjustment of treatment
plans. The system facilitates collaborative efforts
among healthcare providers, educators, and The primary focus of the system lies in its cutting-
caregivers, fostering a holistic approach to ASD edge autism detection capabilities. Leveraging
management. Its secure, scalable architecture ensures machine learning models trained on diverse datasets
data confidentiality and accessibility. Through encompassing behavioral patterns, neurological
innovative technology and data-driven insights, this markers, and diagnostic criteria associated with ASD,
system strives to enhance early detection and the system facilitates accurate and efficient
optimize personalized care for individuals on the identification. Through the website’s user-friendly
autism spectrum. interface, users can input relevant information, such
as behavioral traits, developmental milestones, and
Keywords: Autism detection, behavioural analysis,
familial history, allowing the system to analyze these
complex neural outcome, machine learning, website
data points swiftly. The machine learning algorithms
process this information, generating predictive
insights that aid in the early diagnosis of ASD,
enabling prompt intervention and support. Moreover,
the system extends beyond detection by offering a
robust framework for treatment management. It
compiles a personalized profile for each diagnosed
individual, incorporating their specific
treatment plans, and progress tracking.
comprehensive profile serves as a dynamic hub for
healthcare professionals and caregivers
collaborate, monitor, and tailor interventions
effectively. The website's interface provides a secure
space for storing and accessing this information,
ensuring confidentiality and accessibility
authorized users involved in the individual's care.
The PHP MySQL-based full-stack website serves as
the backbone of this system, offering scalability,
reliability, and flexibility. The front-end interface
provides an intuitive and interactive platform for
users to input data, visualize insights, and access
resources. Meanwhile, the back-end functionalities
handle data processing, model integration, and
database management, ensuring seamless operation
and swift responses. The use of PHP ensures dynamic
content generation, while MySQL manages data
storage efficiently, ensuring optimal performance and
reliability.
In essence, the Autism Detection and Treatment
Management System stands as a pivotal tool in the
realm of ASD, leveraging machine learning and a
robust web platform to enhance early detection,
personalized treatment, and holistic management. Its
fusion of technology and healthcare aims
positively impact individuals on the autism spectrum,
empowering them and their caregivers with
invaluable support and guidance.
II. LITEATURE REVIEW
Deepanshi Singh et. al. (2023), in the paper [1] said
needs, that this research aimed to create a simple and
This inexpensive tool that can quickly detect autism. They
made a model using a short set of ten questions, each
to asking if something relates to the daily life of
someone with autism. By answering yes or no, the
model could tell if someone might have autism. They
used different computer programs like Naive Bayes,
for Classification and Regression Tree, Linear
Discriminant Analysis, K-Nearest Neighbors, and
Support Vector Machine on a dataset called the
autism screening adult dataset to train the model.
Anoop Kumar et. al. (2023), in the paper [2] has
described a method in the paper. Detecting autism
early on is tough for scientists. To make it easier, we
use methods like discrete wavelet transformation,
standard deviation, and mean to prepare the brain
signals for analysis. One of these methods, DWT,
cleans up the signals and breaks them into smaller
parts. In our study, we explore different ways to tell
if someone has autism or not using classifiers like
SVM, Naïve Bayes, KNN, random forest, decision
tree, LSTM, and ANN. These tools help us sort the
brain signals into autistic and non-autistic groups
based on what we've learned from the signals. When
we tested these methods on real data from King
Abdul-Aziz University in Saudi Arabia, we got really
good results, up to 99.9% accurate. The data we used
to
had info from 17 people, with 4 being typical and 13
having autism. We also use a technique called
SMOTE to make our dataset bigger, which made our found that a method called AdaBoost was the most
methods work even better. accurate in predicting autism based on these factors.

Adnan Asraf et. al. (2023), in the paper [3] describes

using AI and smart technology connected to the
internet, we aim to help kids with autism adjust to
III. EXISTING SYSTEM
new environments more easily. In our research, we're
The Autism Detection and Treatment Management
sorting and describing different learning tasks using
System is a comprehensive web-based platform
powerful AI methods like convolution neural
designed to assist in the early detection, diagnosis,
networks (CNN) and transfer learning. We're using
and management of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
data from two big datasets, ABIDE I and ABIDE II,
using machine learning algorithms. This system
which collect information on how the brains of
encompasses a user-friendly interface built using
people with autism work. These datasets are from a
PHP and MySQL, ensuring seamless data
collaboration of scientists worldwide. ABIDE-I has
management and accessibility for healthcare
data from 583 typical kids and 529 with autism,
professionals, caregivers, and individuals seeking
while ABIDE-II includes data from 522 with autism
assistance for ASD-related concerns.
and 573 typical kids. This data was collected from
1780 different places. The kind of data we're using,
called resting state-fMRI (fMRI), shows brain
The system consists of several modules, starting with
activity in four dimensions: three spatial dimensions
the ASD detection module. This module utilizes
and one time dimension. We believe this data can
machine learning models trained on a vast dataset of
help create markers to diagnose brain issues related
behavioral and diagnostic information to analyze
to autism.
input data, such as behavioral assessments, surveys,
AS Albarhin et. al. (2022), in the paper [4] mentions and clinical records. Through feature extraction and
the goal was to create a way to predict autism in classification algorithms, the system can provide
children early on by looking at certain family and preliminary indications of potential ASD traits,
sociodemographic factors. They used a computer aiding in early identification and intervention.
program to do this. They went through three steps:
first, they gathered a lot of information about autism
and organized it. Then they used different methods to Upon identification, the system offers detailed
pick out the most important factors related to autism. diagnostic tools for clinicians and specialists. It
Next, they trained their computer program using this includes comprehensive data visualization and
information and tested how well it worked. They analytics, allowing professionals to delve deeper into
found that some factors, like a mother's age when her behavioral patterns, historical records, and
child was born, were closely linked. They also assessment results. This aids in refining diagnoses
discovered that certain methods worked better than and tailoring treatment plans based on individual
others in predicting autism accurately. Overall, they needs and characteristics. Moreover, the treatment
management module provides a structured for early detection, accurate diagnosis, and
framework for creating and monitoring personalized personalized management of ASD. By leveraging
intervention plans. It incorporates evidence-based technological advancements and data-driven insights,
practices, therapy modalities, educational resources, it aims to enhance the quality of care and support for
and behavioral interventions. The system tracks the individuals with autism and their families while
progress of interventions, records changes in contributing to ongoing research efforts in the field.
behavior or response to treatment, and adjusts
strategies accordingly. Caregivers and healthcare
providers can collaborate within the platform, sharing IV. PROPOSED SOLUTION
updates, insights, and observations to ensure
coordinated care. Creating an effective autism detection and treatment
management system involves leveraging machine
The website interface offers secure user
learning algorithms integrated into a PHP MySQL-
authentication and role-based access control,
based full-stack website. The system will consist of
safeguarding sensitive information and allowing only
several key components to accurately detect autism
authorized personnel to access specific
spectrum disorder (ASD), manage patient data, and
functionalities. Additionally, it facilitates
facilitate treatment. To begin, the detection module
communication channels such as messaging systems
will employ machine learning models trained on
or forums to foster community support and
diverse datasets comprising behavioral, genetic, and
knowledge sharing among caregivers and
neurological information associated with ASD.
professionals. The PHP-based backend of the system
Algorithms like support vector machines (SVM),
ensures efficient data handling, storage, and retrieval
random forests, or neural networks can be utilized to
using MySQL databases. Data integrity and security
analyze input data, which may include behavioral
measures, including encryption and regular backups,
assessments, speech patterns, eye tracking, and
are implemented to protect confidential patient
genetic markers. Through feature extraction and
information and maintain compliance with healthcare
classification, the system will assess the likelihood of
regulations.
ASD based on input data, providing a reliable

Furthermore, the system includes features for prediction.

ongoing research and data collection to enhance its

For the website, PHP will serve as the backend
machine learning models. It allows for the continuous
scripting language, handling data processing and
improvement of detection algorithms through
interactions with the database. MySQL, as the
feedback mechanisms, enabling the system to adapt
database management system, will store patient
and improve its accuracy over time. In conclusion,
profiles, assessments, treatment plans, and progress
the Autism Detection and Treatment Management
records. The frontend will utilize HTML, CSS, and
System amalgamates machine learning capabilities
JavaScript for a user-friendly interface allowing
with a PHP MySQL-based full-stack website to
patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals to
provide a comprehensive and user-friendly platform
access and input information securely. The system
will offer multiple functionalities. Patients or
caregivers can register accounts, input behavioral
observations, upload relevant documents,
complete assessment questionnaires. These inputs
will be stored in the MySQL database and utilized for
the machine learning algorithms to refine predictions
over time. The system will generate comprehensive
reports detailing assessment results, aiding healthcare
professionals in diagnosing ASD.
Treatment management will be another integral
aspect. The system will recommend personalized
treatment plans based on individual profiles and
assessment outcomes. These plans might include
therapy sessions, educational interventions,
medical recommendations. Progress tracking will
allow users to record and monitor treatment
outcomes, facilitating adjustments to plans as
necessary.
Moreover, the system will facilitate communication
and collaboration among healthcare professionals,
caregivers, and patients. Secure messaging, video
conferencing, and a centralized platform for sharing
information will enhance coordination and support
continuity of care. Ensuring data security and privacy
will be a priority. The system will implement
encryption techniques, access controls,
compliance with healthcare regulations like HIPAA
to safeguard sensitive patient information.
User experience will be a key focus, with intuitive
interfaces designed for ease of navigation. Features
such as reminders for appointments, medication
schedules, and educational resources will enhance
user engagement and adherence to treatment plans.
Continuous improvement of the machine learning
models will be facilitated through feedback loops.
Data collected from assessments and treatment
and outcomes will be used to retrain and refine the
algorithms, enhancing the system's accuracy and
predictive capabilities over time.
Regular updates, maintenance, and scalability
considerations will be fundamental to ensure the
system's effectiveness and adaptability to evolving
medical standards and technological advancements.
In conclusion, this proposed solution combines
machine learning for accurate ASD detection, a PHP
MySQL-based full-stack website for data
management and user interaction, and various
or features to support comprehensive treatment
management. It aims to provide a holistic approach to
ASD detection and treatment, empowering healthcare
professionals, caregivers, and patients in their efforts
towards better understanding and managing autism
spectrum disorder.
V. METHODOLOGY
Designing an Autism Detection and Treatment
Management System employing machine learning
within a PHP MySQL-based full-stack website
and
involves a multifaceted methodology encompassing
data collection, preprocessing, model development,
website implementation, and treatment management
integration. The process begins with comprehensive
data gathering from reputable sources such as
medical records, behavioral observations, and
diagnostic assessments. Subsequently, the data
undergoes rigorous preprocessing to ensure quality,
consistency, and anonymization for privacy concerns.
Feature engineering techniques are employed to
extract relevant information, including behavioral
patterns, speech attributes, and diagnostic criteria, support programs, customized to address the unique
essential for the model's learning process. needs of each individual. Continuous monitoring and
refinement of the system are crucial. Regular updates
For the machine learning model, various algorithms
to the machine learning model based on new data and
like decision trees, support vector machines, or neural
research findings ensure its accuracy and
networks are explored and tested using techniques
adaptability. User feedback and performance metrics
like cross-validation and hyperparameter tuning to
are also collected and analyzed to enhance the
identify the most accurate and reliable approach for
website's usability and the effectiveness of treatment
autism detection. The selected model is trained using
recommendations.
the preprocessed dataset, with attention to validation
techniques to prevent overfitting and ensure Furthermore, ethical considerations such as data
generalizability. This trained model is integrated into privacy, consent, and transparency are integral
the PHP-based website, allowing users to input throughout the system's development and
relevant data, such as behavioral observations or deployment. Compliance with regulations like
responses to specific questions, which is then fed into HIPAA and GDPR is paramount, with strict
the machine learning model for analysis. The adherence to guidelines governing the handling of
website's front-end is crafted using HTML, CSS, and sensitive health information. In summary, the
JavaScript to create an intuitive user interface, methodology for creating an Autism Detection and
enabling easy interaction and data submission. The Treatment Management System employing machine
back-end development in PHP facilitates data learning and a PHP MySQL-based full-stack website
processing, handling user requests, and involves a systematic approach encompassing data
communicating with the MySQL database. The collection, preprocessing, model development,
MySQL database stores user data securely while website implementation, treatment management
providing efficient data retrieval for analysis and integration, continuous refinement, and ethical
treatment management purposes. Security measures, considerations. This comprehensive methodology
including encryption techniques and user aims to create a user-friendly, secure, and effective
authentication, are implemented to safeguard platform for autism detection and personalized
sensitive information. treatment management.

Moreover, the treatment management system within

the website employs machine learning
recommendations to suggest personalized
VI. CONCLUSION
intervention strategies based on the individual's
The development of an Autism Detection and
assessment results. This involves developing
Treatment Management System employing machine
algorithms that consider the detected autism
learning integrated into a PHP MySQL-based full-
likelihood and specific behavioral patterns to propose
stack website stands as a pivotal advancement in the
tailored treatment plans. These plans might include
realm of healthcare technology. This comprehensive
therapy recommendations, educational resources, or
system amalgamates cutting-edge machine learning
algorithms with an intuitive user interface, facilitating ensuring that the system evolves alongside
the early detection, personalized treatment, and advancements in ASD research and treatment
efficient management of autism spectrum disorder modalities, thereby guaranteeing state-of-the-art care
(ASD). The amalgamation of machine learning provision.
algorithms, trained on extensive datasets comprising
Furthermore, the integration of machine learning
behavioral patterns, genetic factors, and clinical
algorithms aids in prognostic capabilities, enabling
histories, enables the system to recognize intricate
the system to forecast potential developmental
patterns indicative of ASD with a remarkable degree
trajectories based on historical data and ongoing
of accuracy. This not only streamlines the diagnostic
assessments. This proactive approach allows for
process but also empowers healthcare professionals
preemptive measures and early interventions,
to intervene at earlier stages, significantly enhancing
mitigating potential challenges and fostering
prognosis and treatment outcomes for individuals on
improved long-term outcomes for individuals with
the spectrum.
ASD. Additionally, the system's comprehensive data
The website's architecture, rooted in PHP and analytics and reporting functionalities empower
MySQL, provides a robust and scalable platform for clinicians and researchers with valuable insights into
storing, managing, and analyzing vast amounts of trends, correlations, and treatment efficacy across
multidimensional data crucial for ASD diagnosis and diverse demographics, thereby contributing to the
treatment. Its user-friendly interface caters to both collective knowledge base in ASD research.
healthcare providers and individuals seeking
Ethical considerations and data privacy are at the
information or assistance, fostering a seamless
core of this system's design, ensuring strict adherence
interaction that encourages early engagement and
to regulatory frameworks and safeguarding sensitive
continuous monitoring. Through secure login portals,
information. Robust encryption protocols and access
caregivers, clinicians, and researchers gain access to
controls safeguard the confidentiality and integrity of
a spectrum of tools and resources tailored to their
patient data, fostering trust among users and
respective roles. This inclusivity fosters collaborative
maintaining compliance with stringent healthcare
care, allowing for the holistic management of ASD
regulations.
by facilitating seamless communication and data
sharing among multidisciplinary teams. In conclusion, the integration of machine learning
algorithms within a PHP MySQL-based full-stack
One of the system's cornerstone features lies in its
website for autism detection and treatment
personalized treatment approach, driven by machine
management represents a paradigm shift in healthcare
learning-derived insights. By analyzing individual
technology. Its multifaceted approach, encompassing
responses to different interventions and therapies, the
early detection, personalized treatment, collaborative
system adapts treatment plans in real-time,
care, prognostic capabilities, and ethical
optimizing strategies to suit each person's unique
considerations, embodies a pioneering stride towards
needs and responses. Moreover, its machine learning
enhancing the quality of life for individuals with
components continuously learn from updated data,
ASD and their families. This innovative system not
only revolutionizes ASD care but also serves as a
beacon of technological advancement in the broader
landscape of healthcare, promising a future where
cutting-edge technology intersects seamlessly with
compassionate and effective patient care.
VII. CHALLENGES
Developing an autism detection and treatment
management system via machine learning integrated
into a PHP MySQL-based full-stack website presents
multifaceted challenges across various domains.
First, ensuring accurate detection and diagnosis of
autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using machine
learning algorithms poses a significant hurdle.
Acquiring high-quality and diverse datasets
containing pertinent behavioral, genetic, and clinical
information to train the ML models stands as a
primary challenge due to the sensitive nature of
healthcare data and the variability within ASD
manifestations. Cleaning and preprocessing such data
while maintaining privacy and adhering to ethical
guidelines pose critical hurdles in model
development.
Further complexities arise in designing robust
machine learning algorithms capable of accurately
classifying ASD based on the diverse features
extracted from the datasets. Feature selection and
engineering play pivotal roles in identifying relevant
biomarkers or behavioral patterns associated with
ASD, demanding interdisciplinary collaboration
between data scientists, clinicians, and domain
experts. Overfitting, biases in the training data, and
the need for continuous model optimization to
enhance sensitivity and specificity represent ongoing
challenges in the development phase.
Integration of the ML models into a PHP MySQL-
based full-stack website introduces its set of
challenges. Developing a user-friendly interface that
ensures seamless data input, processing, and output
of results while adhering to strict healthcare data
regulations (such as HIPAA compliance) necessitates
meticulous design and implementation. Maintaining
system scalability and responsiveness to handle
varying user loads and concurrent requests adds
complexity to the web development process.
Moreover, creating a secure data management system
to handle sensitive patient information securely poses
critical challenges. Implementing robust encryption
techniques, access controls, and audit trails to
safeguard data integrity and confidentiality is
paramount, requiring in-depth knowledge of security
protocols and best practices.
In the context of treatment management, personalized
interventions and therapies tailored to individual
ASD profiles pose a substantial challenge. Integrating
ML-driven insights into treatment recommendations
demands a comprehensive understanding of diverse
therapeutic approaches and their effectiveness,
alongside continuous adaptation of the system based
on patient responses and evolving research.
Collaboration among multidisciplinary teams—
clinicians, data scientists, psychologists, and software
engineers—is essential to address these challenges
effectively. Continuous validation and refinement of
the system through clinical trials and real-world
applications are crucial to ensure its accuracy,
reliability, and ethical compliance. Additionally,
engaging with the autism community to gather
feedback and improve user experience fosters
inclusivity and responsiveness to diverse needs.
In summary, the development of an autism detection
and treatment management system leveraging
machine learning within a PHP MySQL-based full-
stack website involves intricate challenges spanning
data acquisition, model development, web
integration, security, personalized treatment
strategies, and ethical considerations. Addressing
these challenges demands a concerted effort,
combining technical expertise, domain knowledge,
and a commitment to ethical and inclusive healthcare
practices.

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