Section A [ 15 marks]

1 The hydrogen gas used in the Haber Process is obtained as follows.

C(s) + 2 H2O(g) → CO2(g) + 2 H2(g)

If the enthalpy changes of formation of carbon dioxide and steam are −394 kJ rnol−1 and
−240 kJ rnol−1 respectively, calculate the numerical enthalpy change for the reaction above that
will produce 100 kg of hydrogen.

A 8.60 × 10 kJ C 3.85 × 106 kJ

B 1.78 × 102 kJ D 2.15 × 106 kJ

2 The standard enthalpies of formation of CaCO3 and BaCO3 are −1206.9 kJ rnol−1 and −1218.8 kJ
rnol−1 respectively. Which statement is not true to explain the differences in these values?

A The ionisation energy of Ca is higher than that of Ba.

B The enthalpy of atomisation of Ca is higher than that of Ba.
C The hydration energy of Ca2+ ion is higher than that of Ba2+ ion.
D The lattice energy of CaCO3 is higher than that of BaCO3.

3 The standard reduction electrode potential for several half-reactions at 298 K are shown below.

Half-cell reaction E0 / V
O2 + 2H+ + 2e− → H2O2 +0.68
H2O2 + 2H+ + 2e− → 2H2O +1.77
H2SO4 + 2H+ + 2e− → H2SO3 + H2O +0.17
HNO3 + 3H+ + 3e− → NO + 2H2O +0.96

Based on the given data, which of the following statements is correct?

A H2O2 is the strongest reducing agent.
B Sulphuric acid oxidises H2O2 to oxygen gas
C H2O2 spontaneously decomposes to oxygen gas
D Nitric oxide is formed when H2SO4 is added to nitric acid

4 In an electrolysis that used platinum as the electrodes, a current of 4.0 A was passed through a
solution of potassium sulphate. Then an excess of potassium iodide solution was added to the
above solution. The iodine evolved was found to require 22.5 cm3 of 0.20 mol dm−3 sodium
thiosulphate solution for complete reaction. The reactions involved are as follows:
[Charge of one of electrons is 96500 C]
2 SO42− → S2O82− + 2 e−
2− −
S2O8 + 2 I → 2 SO42− + I2
2 S2O3 + I2 → S4O62− + 2 I−
2−

What is the time taken (in seconds) for the above electrolysis?

A 54 B 109
C 217 D 434

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5 A sample of 10.0 cm3 of 0.10 mol dm−3 iron(Il) sulphate is titrated against 0.025 mol dm−3
potassium manganate(VII) in the presence of an excess of fluoride ions, It is found that 10.0 cm3 of
the manganate(VII) solution is required to reach the end point. What is the oxidation number of
manganese at the end-point?

A +2
B +3
C +4
D +5

6 Which of the following correctly shows the variation of melting point of the elements in
descending order?

A Si, Al, Mg, Na, P

B Na, Mg, Al, Si, P
C Al, Mg, Na, Si, P
D Al, Mg, Na, P, Si

7 Which of the following oxides in Period 3 has the highest melting point?

A Cl2O7
B Al2O3
C MgO
D SiO2

8 Which of the following factors helps to explain the differing solubility in water of magnesium
sulphate compared with that of barium sulphate?

A The charge density of magnesium ions is smaller than that of barium ions.

B The covalent character of the bond in barium sulphate is greater than that in magnesium
sulphate.

C The lattice energy of magnesium sulphate is numerically larger than that of barium sulphate.

D The enthalpy change of hydration of magnesium ions is more exothermic than that of barium
ions.

9 Why is SiCl4 readily hydrolysed whereas CCl4 is not?

A Silicon can use available d orbitals, whereas carbon cannot.

B The Si−Cl bond is more polar than the C−Cl bond.
C The Si−Cl bond weaker than the C−Cl bond.
D The +4 oxidation state of silicon is more stable than that of carbon.

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10 Which of the following diagrams correctly shows the trend in a property of the Group 2 elements
Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba?

A ∆𝐻ℎ𝑦𝑑 , the enthalpy change of hydration B I, the first ionisation energy

of M2+ (aq)

C Eo, the standard reduction potential of the D r, ionic radius of M2+

M2+ (aq)/M(s)

11 Part of a structure of silicate is given below.

Which statement is not true about the silicate?

A The silicate is a chain silicate.

B The structure is found in amphiboles.
C The empirical formula is SiO32−.
D Each tetrahedron shares two oxygen atoms.

12 Excess aqueous silver nitrate is added to an aqueous solution containing potassium chloride and
potassium Iodide. The precipitate formed is filtered off and washed with distilled water. Aqueous
ammonia is then added to it. The product is filtered again. Which ion is present in abundance in
the final filtrate?

A Cl−
B I−
C K+
D Ag+

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13 Which of the following is not correct about hydrogen halides?

A The stability of hydrogen halides towards thermal decomposition decreases with increasing
relative molecular mass.
B Hydrogen bromide decomposes at 600 oC to produce hydrogen and bromine vapour.
C Hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen chloride are unstable and can be decomposed easily when
heated.
D The relative stability of hydrogen halides can be explained in terms of bond length and
strength.

14 Which of the following is formed when an excess potassium cyanide solution is added to a
solution of iron(II)?

A Fe(CN)2
B [Fe(CN)4]2−
C [Fe(CN)6]3−
D [Fe(CN)6]4−

15 Tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) chloride is a coordination complex. Which is true about one mole

of the complex?

A Its structural formula is [Co(en)3]Cl.

B Its coordination number is 3.
C It forms one mole AgCl with excess silver nitrate solution.
D It form 4 moles ions in aqueous solution.

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 Section B [15 marks]
Answer all questions

Write the answers in the spaces provided.

16 a) The following cell was set up between a zinc electrode and an unknown half cell which containing
M2+(aq) and M3+(aq). The standard e.m.f. of the cell is +0.73 V. Zinc forms the cathode of the cell.

V
Pt Salt bridge Zinc rod

ZnSO4(1.0 mol dm−3)

2+ −3
M (1.0 mol dm )
And
M3+(1.0 mol dm−3)

(i) Give the name of a suitable substance to be used as the salt bridge. [1]

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(ii) Write the shorthand notation for the cell. [1]

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(iii) Indicate the direction of the flow of current through the voltmeter in the diagram. [1]

(iv) Write a redox equation for the above reaction. [1]

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(v) 0
Given the 𝐸𝑍𝑛 2+ /𝑍𝑛 = −0.76 𝑉. Calculate the standard electrode potential of the following

half-cell : M (aq) + e- ⇌ M2+(aq)

3+
[2]

(vi) Explain qualitatively how the e.m.f of the cell would change (if any) if the zinc sulphate is
replaced by a 0.20 mol dm−3 solution. [2]
………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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17 (a) Aqueous copper(II) chloride, CuCl2 is a greenish blue solution which can undergo following
reactions.

𝐴𝑔𝐶𝑙(𝑎𝑞) 𝑁𝐻3 (𝑎𝑞)

CuCl2(aq) → white precipitate A → colourless solution B

𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐻𝐶𝑙 𝑆𝑂2 (𝑔)

CuCl2(aq) → green solution C → white solid D

𝑁𝐻3 (𝑎𝑞) 𝑁𝐻3 (𝑎𝑞)𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠

CuCl2(aq) → blue precipitate E → deep blue solution F

(i) What is the formula of colourless solution B? [1]

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

(ii) Green solution C contains complex ions. State the coordination number of the complex
ion present in C. [1]

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

(iii) White solid D is copper(I) chloride. Explain why D is a white solid. [2]

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

(iv) State the function of SO2 in the above reaction. [1]

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

(v) Write the equation in the formation of blue precipitate E. [1]

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

(vi) Write the equation in the formation of deep blue solution F. [1]

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

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 Section C [ 30 marks ]
Answer two questions only

18 (a) By using aluminium oxide as an example, explain what is meant by standard enthalpy of
formation and lattice formation energy. Show the equations involved respectively. [4]

(b) (i) The table below shows several standard enthalpy changes to determine the standard
enthalpy of formation of M2+O2− solid.

Enthalpy change Enthalpy value/ kJ mol-1

Standard enthalpy of atomisation of M +182.0
First ionisation energy of M +502.8
Second ionisation energy of M +965.1
Standard enthalpy of atomisation of O +248.0
First electron affinity of oxygen -141.0
Second electron affinity of oxygen +744.0
Lattice formation energy of MO -3049.0

Construct a Born Haber cycle in energy level diagram for MO solid.

Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of MO. [8]

(ii) The standard enthalpy of formation of MO2 is -634.3 kJ mol−1.

Determine which oxide that will be formed when metal M reacts with oxygen gas. Explain
your answer. [3]

19 Some chloride compounds and their boiling points are given in the table below.

Compound Boiling point / oC

Sodium chloride 1465
Carbon(IV) chloride 77
Tin(IV) chloride 114

(a) Discuss the boiling points of the chlorides, relate to their structures and bonding. [6]

(b) State the observations and pH of the solution formed, if any when the chlorides is added to
water.

Explain your answer. Write balanced equations for reactions that occur. [9]

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20 (a) Explain the variation in the atomic size when going across Period 3 (from sodium to
chlorine) and first row transition elements ( from titanium to copper). [9]

(b) The graph below shows the trend in first ionisation energy from oxygen to magnesium.

(i) Write the equation for the first ionisation energy of nitrogen. [1]

(ii) Estimate the first ionisation energy of nitrogen. [1]

(iii) Explain why the first ionisation energy of neon is much greater than that of sodium. [4]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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