UNIT 2

LASER AND APPLICATIONS

Lecture 12

Dr. S.P. Sharma, Associate Professor

Department of Physics, DRD
2/22/2024 Lovely Professional University
SPSharma, DRD, LPU Phagwara-144411 1
Unit II Lasers and applications

• Fundamentals of laser • Population inversion

• Energy levels in atoms • Lasing action
• Radiation matter interaction • Properties of laser
• Absorption of light • Resonant cavity
• Spontaneous emission of light • Excitation mechanisms
• Stimulated emission of light • Nd-YAG, He-Ne Laser, Semiconductor
• Population of energy levels laser
• Einstein A and B coefficients • Applications of laser in engineering
• Metastable state • Holography

2/22/2024 SPSharma, DRD, LPU 2

Solving Numerical Problems based on Nd-YAG laser system
1. A Nd-YAG laser emits light at a wavelength of 1064 nm. Calculate the frequency of the
emitted light.
c=λ
2.82×10^14Hz

2. If a Nd-YAG laser produces a beam with a power output of 5 Watts, calculate the
energy emitted by the laser in one minute.
E=P.t
Energy=300J
3. A Nd-YAG laser produces a beam with a pulse duration of 10 nanoseconds. Calculate
the coherence length of the emitted light.

2/22/2024 SPSharma, DRD, LPU 3

He-Ne Laser
Ali Javan, co-inventor of the gas laser and recipient of the OSA Fredrick
Ives Medal, passed away on 12 September 2016, at the age of 90.

The helium-neon laser which he co-invented with William R. Bennett in

1960 was the first continuous light laser. 1961
2016 (90 Yrs.) OSA

632.8 nanometers (red) and 543.5 nanometers (green)

2/22/2024 SPSharma, DRD, LPU 4
Energy level Diagram of He-Ne LASER

2/22/2024 SPSharma, DRD, LPU 5

Energy level Diagram of He-Ne LASER

2/22/2024 SPSharma, DRD, LPU 6

MCQs on He-Ne LASER

1.What is the primary lasing transition in a Helium-Neon (He-Ne) gas laser?

A)632.8 nm

B) 1064 nm

C) 488 nm

D)1550 nm

Correct Answer: A) 632.8 nm

2/22/2024 SPSharma, DRD, LPU 7

Energy level Diagram of He-Ne LASER

2. Which gas mixture is commonly used in a Helium-Neon (He-Ne) laser?

A) Helium and Argon

B) Helium and Neon

C) Neon and Krypton

D) Neon and Argon

Correct Answer: B) Helium and Neon

2/22/2024 SPSharma, DRD, LPU 8

Energy level Diagram of He-Ne LASER

3. What is the typical operating pressure range of a Helium-Neon (He-Ne) laser?

A) 1-5 atm

B) 0.1-1 atm

C) 10-20 atm

D) 50-100 atm

Correct Answer: B) 0.1-1 atm

2/22/2024 SPSharma, DRD, LPU 9

Energy level Diagram of He-Ne LASER
4. In a Helium-Neon (He-Ne) gas laser, which gas serves as the active medium?

A)Helium

B) Neon

C) Krypton

D)Argon

Correct Answer: B) Neon

2/22/2024 SPSharma, DRD, LPU 10

Energy level Diagram of He-Ne LASER
5. What is the optical output wavelength of a typical Helium-Neon (He-Ne)

laser?

A) 488 nm

B) 1064 nm

C) 632.8 nm

D) 1550 nm

Correct Answer: C) 632.8 nm

2/22/2024 SPSharma, DRD, LPU 11
Applications of He-Ne LASER

1. Holography
6. Astronomy

7. Laser Printing
2. Metrology and Interferometry
8. Television and Display Technology
3. Spectroscopy
9. Research and Education
4. Barcode Scanners
10. Alignment and Positioning
5. Medical Applications

2/22/2024 SPSharma, DRD, LPU 12

Any questions?

Thank you very

much.

2/22/2024 SPSharma, DRD, LPU 13