Davao Doctors College, Inc.

General Malvar St., Davao City

Nursing program

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING

P.E. 104

PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES TOWARDS HEALTH AND FITNESS I

FRIDAY (6:00PM – 7:00PM)

SUBMITTED BY:
Meniano, Marlemae T.

Oñez, Roberlyn A.

Osorio, Jay-Lord M.

Panaguiton, Jana Marie I.

Rosalejos, Rogelio Jr. V.

Santoyo, Edelyn
Rabago, Kheya

SUBMITTED TO:
DR. BENJIE Q. BADON
 CHESS

DESCRIPTION

One of the oldest and most popular board games, played by two opponents on a
checkered board with specially designed pieces of contrasting colours, commonly white and
black. White moves first, after which the player alternate turns in accordance with fixed rules,
each player attempting to force the opponent’s principal piece, the King, into checkmate—a
position where it is unable to avoid capture.

BENEFITS OF PLAYING CHESS

 “Benjamin Franklin wrote in 1779 that the game of chess “is not merely an idle
amusement (since) life is a kind of chess, in which we have often points to gain, and competitors
or adversaries to contend with, and in which there is a vast variety of good and evil events that
are in some degree the effects of prudence or the want of it.” Franklin suggests that playing chess
develops foresight, circumspection, perseverance, and sportsmanship.

Here are some other benefits of learning chess:

 Improves self-confidence and self-worth.
 Increases memory capacity.
 Encourages understanding of choice and consequences for problem- solving…helps
students realize that they are responsible for their actions and must accept the
consequences of those actions.
 Provides competition, fostering interest and promoting mental alertness.
 Teaches good sportsmanship.
 Creates a learning environment organized around games, which is one of the most
motivational tools in a teacher’s repertoire to encourage problem-solving and spend time
quietly immersed in logical thinking.

HISTORY

Chess first appeared in India about the 6th century AD and by the 10th century had
spread from Asia to the Middle East and Europe. Since at least the 15th century, chess has been
known as the “royal game” because of its popularity among the nobility. Rules and set design
slowly evolved until both reached today’s standard in the early 19th century. Once an intellectual
diversion favored by the upper classes, chess went through an explosive growth in interest during
the 20th century as professional and state-sponsored players competed for an officially
recognized world championship title and increasingly lucrative tournament prizes. Organized
chess tournaments, postal correspondence games, and Internet chess now attract men, women,
and children around the world.
SETTING UP THE BOARD

Chess is played on a chessboard, a square board divided into 64 squares (eight-by-eight)

of alternating color, which is like that used in draughts (checkers). No matter what the actual
colors of the board, the lighter-colored squares are called "light" or "white", and the darker-
colored squares are called "dark" or "black". Sixteen "white" and sixteen "black" pieces are
placed on the board at the beginning of the game. Horizontal rows are called ranks and vertical
rows are called files.

EQUIPMENT NEEDED

The basic chess equipment you need to play a game of chess is a chessboard and chess pieces.

Chessboard

Chess pieces
 The king is the most important chess piece. Remember, the goal of a game of chess is to
checkmate the king! When a game starts, each side has one king. The king is not a very
powerful piece, as it can only move (or capture) one square in any direction. Please note
that the king cannot be captured! When a king is attacked, it is called "check."
 The queen is considered a major piece (like a rook) and is worth nine points. It can move
as many squares as it likes left or right horizontally, or as many squares as it likes up or
down vertically (like a rook). The queen can also move as many squares as it likes
diagonally (like a bishop). An easy way to remember how a queen can move is that it
moves like a rook and a bishop combined.
 The bishop is considered a minor piece (like a knight) and is worth three points. A
bishop can move diagonally as many squares as it likes if it is not blocked by its own
pieces or an occupied square. An easy way to remember how a bishop can move is that it
moves like an "X" shape. It can capture an enemy piece by moving to the occupied
square where the piece is located.
 The knight is considered a minor piece (like a bishop) and is worth three points. The
knight is the only piece in chess that can jump over another piece. It moves one square
left or right horizontally and then two squares up or down vertically, OR it moves two
squares left or right horizontally and then one square up or down vertically—in other
words, the knight moves in an "L-shape." The knight can capture only what it lands on,
not what it jumps over.
 The rook is considered a major piece (like the queen) and is worth five points. It can
move as many squares as it likes left or right horizontally, or as many squares as it likes
up or down vertically (if it isn't blocked by other pieces). An easy way to remember how
a rook can move is that it moves like a "+" sign.
  The pawn is the least powerful piece and is worth one point. If it is a pawn's first move, it
can move forward one or two squares. If a pawn has already moved, then it can move
forward just one square at a time. It attacks (or captures) each square diagonally to the
left or right.

RULES AND REGULATIONS

Starting the game- In the starting position, square a1 is always Black. The queen is always on her
own color, next to the King in the middle. White starts the game, afterward the players
alternately move.
The king- King may move one square in any direction, as long as no piece is blocking his path
The Queen- May move in any one straight direction forward, backward, sideways or diagonal as
all other pieces except knight.
Bishop- May move as far as it wants, but only diagonally
Knights- Move by going two square in one direction, and then one more move just like “L’
shape.
Rook- The rook may move to any square as far as it wants, but only forward, backward and to
the sides.

Chess game rules and regulations have a special move called 'castling'. This move means you
can make two (2) important steps in one move. You can try to get your king to safety and move
your rook from the corner and into the game.

You can only castle in chess when it is your turn. The king moves two squares to one side and
the rook jumps from that side corner and next to the king on the opposite side. But, these
conditions must apply for castling to take place:

 It must be the first move of that particular king

 It must be the first move of that particular rook
 There must be no pieces between the king and that rook
  You cannot castle if your king is in check or moves into check

When you castle in one direction the king finishes closer to that side of the board. The chess term
for that is castling kingside. Castling to the other side is castling queenside. The king always
moves two squares only any time you make the castling move.
Checkmate- If the King cannot escape from the check, the position is checkmate and the game is
over. The player who got checkmated gets zero point and the player giving mate gets one point.
Draw- There isn’t always a winner and a loser in chess. There are several reasons why a chess of
game may end in a draw:
1. Both players agree on a draw.
2. Both players have traded enough pieces so that it is impossible for either playerto
checkmate the other.
3. Either player can declare a draw if the same position is reached three times.
4. Either player can declare a draw if 50 chess moves (50 white and 50 black)have been made
and not a single pawn move or a piece has been captured.
5. It is one’s player turn to move, and while he is not in check

PLAYING CHESS

BEFORE
 Set expectations for the game not the result. Many chess players are setting high
expectations for the result, not for playing process itself.
 At the beginning of the game the chessboard is laid out so that each player has the white
(or light) color square in the bottom right-hand side.
 Learn the moves. Each chess piece can move only a certain way
 The chess pieces are then arranged the same way each time. The second row (or rank) is
filled with pawns. The rooks go in the corners, then the knights next to them, followed by
the bishops, and finally the queen, who always goes on her own matching color (white
queen on white, black queen on black), and the king on the remaining square.
DURING

 Touch-move - If a player touches one of their own pieces, they must move that piece as
long as it is a legal move. If a player touches an opponent's piece, they must capture that
piece. A player who wishes to touch a piece only to adjust it on the board must first
announce the intention, usually by saying “adjust”.
 Clocks and Timers - Most tournaments use timers to regulate the time spent on each
game, not on each move. Each player gets the same amount of time to use for their entire
game and can decide how to spend that time. Once a player makes a move, they then
touch a button or hit a lever to start the opponent's clock. If a player runs out of time and
the opponent calls the time, then the player who ran out of time loses the game (unless
the opponent does not have enough pieces to checkmate, in which case it is a draw).

AFTER

The game involves memorizing numerous combinations of moves and their potential outcomes.
It’s also interesting to note that experienced chess players show higher performance related to a
particular auditory memory. This is the ability to remember what you’ve learned through the
game.

Chess Terminology

Term Definition

Board A slab prepared with a chequered pattern for playing chess

A simultaneous move (the only one in chess) whereby a previously unmoved
Castling King moves 2 squares toward an unmoved Rook and the Rook is moved to the
other side of the King.
Check A move which attacks the opposing King.
A move which attacks the opposing King, and which the opponent cannot get out
Checkmate
of.
Chessboard See Board
 An opening played by Black, or a series of moves taken to protect a piece or
Defence
position which is under attack.
Discovered A check given by a line-piece when a shielding piece or pawn is moved out of the
check way.
The stage of the game with few pieces or when Queens are exchanged and the
Endgame
middle game is over.
En passant A special method of capturing, only available to a pawn on its fifth rank.
File The eight vertical columns on the board, numbered a to h.
A double attack when one piece, such as a Knight, attacks two or three pieces at
Fork
once.
A chess opening in which a player offers a pawn (or more) for fast development
Gambit
and an attack
Said to indicate an intention only to adjust a piece on the board without
J’adoube
necessarily moving it to a different square. [j’adoube – I adjust]
Major piece Queen or Rook.

Middlegame The part of the game which follows the opening.

Minor piece Bishop or Knight.
The method of writing down chess, moves which involves rank and file and
Notation
piece:
Opening The start of the game, about a dozen moves.

Piece Any piece or man, sometimes excluding pawns

Promotion is what happens when a pawn reaches the other side of the board (that
is, the 8th rank) and cannot move further. Then it becomes any other piece on the
Promotion
board, except the king. Players usually promote their pawns to a Queen (called
Queening)
Queening see Promotion
Rank The eight horizontal rows on the board, labelled 1 to 8.
 To concede loss of the game. A resignation is usually done by knocking over
Resign
one’s King, stopping the clock, offering a handshake or saying “I resign”.

TIPS ON PLAYING

 Set expectations for the game not the result

 attacking skills

 endgame technique

 classical games analysis

 psychological preparation

REFERENCES:

https://www.britannica.com/topic/chess

https://coloradomasterchess.com/benefits-of-chess/

https://www.slideshare.net/CaseyBanugan/chess-game-63697183

https://www.chess.com/terms/chess-pieces

https://thechessworld.com/articles/training-techniques/7-things-to-do-before-a-chess-game/

Quiz (45 items)

1. Considered a major piece like a queen it can move as many square as it likes.
a. King
b. Rook
c. Knight
d. Bishop
2. This piece is considered as the most important piece.
a. Rook
b. Queen
c. Pawn
d. King
3. Considered a major piece like a rook and is worth nine points. It can move as many
squares as it likes left or right horizontally
a. Queen
b. King
c. Knight
d. Rook
4. _______ Composed of square of white and black colors (8 square of length on each side)
being always alternating
a. Chess
b. Chessboard
c. Chess pieces
d. Damathboard
5. Move by going two square in one direction, and then one more move just like “L’ shape.
a. King
b. Knight
c. Queen
d. Rook
6. Chess first appeared in _______ around ____ century AD
a. India, 4th
b. Paris, 6th
c. India, 6th
d. Paris, 4th
7. A board game for two players, each beginning with 16 pieces of six kinds that are moved
according to individual rules, with the objective of checkmating the opposing king.
a. Chessboard
b. Domino
c. Scrabble
d. Chess
8. A term in a chess game where nobody ends as a winner
a. Check
b. Checkmate
c. Draw
d. Touch-move
9. A situation in chess in which one player's king is threatened with capture (in check) and
there is no way to meet that threat
a. Checkmate
b. Castling
c. Draw
d. Check
10. In what country the chess originated
a. Russia
b. India
c. Paris
d. United State of America
11. It is a special rule that allows pawns to capture pawns on adjacent tiles under special
circumstances.
a. Checkmate
b. Castling
c. En passant
d. Draw
12. You say this when you have a piece that is attacking your opponent's king
a. Checkmate
b. Draw
c. Castle
d. Check
13. You can make this move when there are no pieces between your king and your rook, and
neither of them has moved yet. Then, your king and rook overlap each other. This move
is used to protect your king.
a. Checkmate
b. Check
c. Castle
d. Draw
14. Most tournaments use this to regulate the time spent on each game, not on each move.
a. Speaker
b. Clocks and Timer
c. Ring tone
d. Bell
15. Eight vertical rows of squares in chess
a. Ranks
b. Files
c. King
d. Pawn
16. Eight horizontal rows of squares in chess
a. Files
b. Ranks
c. King
d. Rook
17. Most significant chess piece, yet the weakest
a. King
b. Queen
c. Pawn
d. Rook
18. It is the most dominant chess piece
a. King
b. Queen
c. Pawn
d. Rook
19. It can move in rank and file (vertically and horizontally)
a. Pawn
b. Rook
c. King
d. Queen
20. How many pieces does each player start with?
a. 16
b. 32
c. 21
d. 8
21. These are the two piece called Major pieces
a. Queen and King
b. Rook and King
c. Queen and Rook
d. Queen and Bishop
22. The Queen piece is worth __ points
a. 8 points
b. 3 points
c. 5 points
d. 9 points
23. The Bishop is worth __ points
a. 8 points
b. 3 points
c. 5 points
d. 9 points
24. The knight moves in what letter shape?
a. M
b. Diagonal
c. L
d. D
 25. Which color goes traditionally first?
a. White
b. Black
c. Green
d. Yellow

True or False

1. You can only castle in chess when it is your turn

2. Move by going two square in one direction, and then one more move just like “V’ shape.
3. The king always moves three squares only any time you make the castling move.
4. The player who got checkmated gets zero point and the player giving mate gets one point.
5. There is always a winner and a loser in chess
6. Chess has been known as the “royal game” because of its popularity among the nobility
7. Rules and set design slowly evolved until both reached today’s standard in the early 20th
century
8. Chess is played on a chessboard, a square board divided into 64 squares (eight-by-eight) of
alternating color, which is like that used in draughts (checkers).
9. Horizontal rows are called files and vertical rows are called ranks.
10. The knights may move to any square as far as it wants, but only forward, backward and to the
sides
11. Castling is a special rule that allows pawns to capture pawns on adjacent tiles under special
circumstances.
12. In touch move if a player touches one of their own pieces, they must move that piece as long
as it is a legal move.
13. The king May move as far as it wants, but only diagonally
14. King and Queen is the major piece
15. Rook is major piece
16. The king is worth nine points.
17. King can still do castling even when one of the Rooks are captured
18. There are 60 squares on the board
19. Rook is also called as castle
20. Pawn is worth 1 point

Answer Key

Multiple Choice

1. B
2. D
3. A
4. B
5. B
6. C
7. D
8. C
9. A
10. B
11. C
12. D
13. C
14. B
15. B
16. B
17. A
18. B
19. B
20. A
21. C
22. D
23. B
24. C
25. A

True or False

1. TRUE
2. FALSE
3. FALSE
4. TRUE
5. FALSE
6. TRUE
7. FALSE
8. TRUE
9. FALSE
10. FASE
11. FALSE
12. TRUE
13. FASE
14. FALSE
15. TRUE
16. FALSE
17. TRUE
18. FALSE
19. TRUE
20. TRUE