www.RocketRevise.com The diagram shows three horizontal forces acting on a car as it moves along a straight road. The horizontal forces act along the same straight line. The driver presses the brake pedal and the car slows down. As the car slows down, the kinetic energy of the car decreases by 100kJ. Describe and explain what happens to this 100 kd of energy. 2) [Total: 2] Electrical energy is provided to homes and industry from a coal-fired power station ‘Some people are against the use of coal-fired power stations. Give two environmental problems caused by coal-fired power stations. 2) Total: 2] As an aeroplane decelerates, its kinetic energy decreases. ‘Suggest what happens to this energy. 1) (Total: 1] www.RocketRevise.com2 www.RocketRevise.com A solar panel receives energy from the Sun and the thermal energy is transferred from the solar panel to water. ‘State and explain one advantage and one disadvantage of heating the water in a solar panel compared with heating the water in a coal-burning boiler. advantage... explanation. disadvantage... explanation Rocket 4) [Total: 4] A vertical tube contains a liquid. A metal ball is held at rest by a thread just below the surface of the liquid, as shown in the diagram. thread—_ = tube (not to scale) The diameter of the tube is much greater than the diameter of the ball, The metal ball is released. The metal ball has a mass of 2.1 g. Itfalls a distance of 0.80 m between being released and reaching the bottom of the tube. www.RocketRevise.com3 www.RocketRevise.com (a) Calculate the gravitational potential energy transferred from the ball as it falls. gravitational potential energy transferred = (2) {b) When the ball reaches the bottom of the tube, it has a speed of 1.2m/s. Calculate the kinetic energy of the ball at the bottom of the tube. kinetic energy = ... [3] (c) Explain why the value calculated in (a) is different from that calculated in (b). a) (Total: 6] www.RocketRevise.com4 www.RocketRevise.com 6 The diagram shows an archer pulling the string of a bow. string oN ton fingers on string 1 State the type of energy stored in the bow when the archer bends it as shown in the diagram. . fl Mf tt) (Total: 1] 7 The diagram shows an electric circuit, An electric current transfers energy from the battery to the filament lamp. State which form of energy in the battery is decreasing. a (Total: 1] www.RocketRevise.com5 www.RocketRevise.com 8 The diagram shows a model of a wind turbine used to demonstrate the use of wind energy to. generate electricity. The wind is blowing towards the model, as shown. _-turbine blades \_-circular area swept out |” by turbine blades Ne The mass of air passing through the circular area swept out by the turbine blades each second is 7.5kg. The kinetic energy of the air that passes through this circular area each second is 2404. Calculate the speed of the air. speed = .. 8) (Total: 3} 9 Energy sources used to generate electricity are shown in the box. gas oil tides waves wind Which energy sources are non-renewable? Draw a ring around each energy source that is non-renewable. (1) (Total: 1] www.RocketRevise.com6 www.RocketRevise.com 10 A chest expander is a piece of equipment used by athletes in a gym. The diagram shows a chest expander that consists of five identical springs connected in parallel between two handles. springs ‘Two athletes are stretching the chest expander by pulling on the two handles in opposite directions. State the energy changes taking place as the two athletes use their muscles to stretch the chest expander. 2) Total: 2] 14 When fully charged, a 1.2V rechargeable battery can deliver a current of 210mA for 10 hours. State the type of energy stored when the battery is charged. ee) [Total: 1] www.RocketRevise.com7 www.RocketRevise.com 12. The diagram shows solar cells used to generate electrical energy. Consider the generation of electrical energy by a large number of solar cells, as shown in the diagram. State one environmental advantage and one environmental disadvantage. advantage .. disadvantage nen 2] {Total 2} www.RocketRevise.comwww.RocketRevise.com 13. The diagram shows solar cells used to generate electrical energy. ‘State the main form of energy transferred from the Sun to the solar cells for the generation of electrical energy. fests sonnei EA] (Total: 1} www.RocketRevise.com9 www.RocketRevise.com 14 The diagram is the top view of a smalll ship of mass 1.2 x 10°kg. The ship is moving slowly sideways at 0.040m/s as it comes in to dock. large wooden pillars \ — small ship The ship hits the wooden pillars which move towards the dock wall. Calculate the kinetic energy of the ship before it hits the pillars. kinetic energy = (2) Total: 2] 415. Aload is attached to a spring, as shown in the diagram. Two arrows indicate the vertical forces acting on the load. The spring and the load are stationary. “support spring — 4.0N load www.RocketRevise.com10 www.RocketRevise.com The load is pulled downwards and then released. The load moves up and down. {a)_ State the principle of conservation of energy. 1) (b) Eventually the load stops moving up and down. Describe and explain why the load stops moving. Use your ideas about conservation of energy. 2) [Total: 3] 16 The diagram shows part of a solar farm. The solar panels tilt and rotate solar panel — support ‘Suggest why it is useful that the panels can tilt and rotate. a Total: 1] 17 State one advantage and one disadvantage of using a wind turbine as.a source of electrical energy. advantage. on disadvantage f 2 (Total: 2} www.RocketRevise.com" www.RocketRevise.com 18 The diagram shows a wind turbine. wind speed 16m/s ‘area swept out by the turbine blades ‘Suggest why some of the kinetic energy of the air that passes through the circular area swept out by the blades is not converted into electrical energy. 1) (Total: 1] 19. A tidal barrage (dam) produces electricity using tides. The diagram shows a tidal barrage (simplified). tide coming in tide going out (a) The water behind the barrage (dam) is a store of energy. State the name of this stored energy. (1) www.RocketRevise.com12 www.RocketRevise.com (b) Explain how the tidal barrage (dam) produces electricity. 3) (Total: 4] 20 The diagram shows devices that generate electricity. Describe how the devices shown in the diagram generate electrical energy. www.RocketRevise.com13 www.RocketRevise.com 21. The diagram shows a girl throwing a heavy ball, ball State the energy changes that take place from when the girl begins to exert a force on the ball until the ball hits the ground and stops moving. 2) [Total: 2] 22. State what is meant by the principle of conservation of energy. (1) (Total: 1] www.RocketRevise.com14 www.RocketRevise.com 23. Adrone is a machine that can fly. The diagram shows a drone rising into the air, lifting a camera. camera The drone obtains energy from a battery of cells. Complete the sequence of useful energy transfers as the drone rises into the air. One part is done for you. — electrical energy —> (2) [Total: 2] 24 Adrone is a machine that can fly. The diagram shows a drone rising into the air, lifting a camera. camera The drone obtains energy from a battery of cells. The drone can move in any direction up or down, backwards or forwards; leftor right, It'can also remain stationary above the ground. Deseribe the motion and position of the drone when it has both a large quantity of potential energy and a small quantity of kinetic energy. 2) (Total: 2} www.RocketRevise.com15 www.RocketRevise.com 25 The diagram shows a man hitting a ball with a golf club. While the golf club is in contact with the ball, the ball becomes compressed and changes shape. State the type of energy stored in the ball during its contact with the golf club. M1) [Total: 1] 26 Ina game of tennis, a player hits a stationary ball with his racquet. State the energy transfer that takes place: 1. as the ball changes shape during the contact between the racquet and the ball 2. as the ball leaves the racquet. 2) (Total: 2] 27 Oifired power stations and wind farms generate electricity. By comparison with a wind farm, state one advantage and one disadvantage of running a power station using oil advantage .. disadvantage [2] [otal: 2] www.RocketRevise.com16 www.RocketRevise.com 28 State one environmental advantage and one environmental disadvantage of using a nuclear fission reactor to generate electrical eneray in a power station. advantage . disadvantage ... 2) [Total: 2] 29° The diagram shows a forklift truck lifting a box. box The electric motor that drives the lifting mechanism is powered by batteries. State the form of the eneray stored in the batteries. a [Total: 1] 30 The diagram shows an aircraft on the deck of an aircraft carrier. The aircraft accelerates from rest along the deck. At take-off, the aircraft has a speed of 75m/s. The mass of the aircraft is 9500 kg. www.RocketRevise.com7 www.RocketRevise.com (a) Calculate the kinetic energy of the aircraft at take-off. kinetic energy [3] (b)_ On an aircraft carrier, a catapult provides an accelerating force on the aircraft. The catapult provides a constant force for a distance of 150m along the deck. Calculate the resultant force on the aircraft as it accelerates. Assume that all of the kinetic energy at take-off is from the work done on the aircraft by the catapult. force = 2) [Total: 5] 31. Arifle fires a bullet of mass 0.020kg vertically upwards through the air. As it leaves the rifle, the speed of the bullet is 350m/s. (a) Calculate (i) the kinetic energy of the bullet as it leaves the rifle, kinetic energy =, (3) (ii) the maximum possible height that the bullet can reach. maximum height = 2] www.RocketRevise.com8 www.RocketRevise.com (b)_ The actual height reached by the bullet is less than the value calculated in (a)(ii). (i) Explain, in terms of the forces acting on the bullet, why this is so. 2) (ii) As the bullet rises through the air, its kinetic energy decreases. State what happens to this energy. 2 [Total: 9] 32 A force is used to move an object from the Earth's surface to a greater height. Explain why the gravitational potential energy (g.p.e.) of the object increases. (1) [Total: 1] www.RocketRevise.com19 www.RocketRevise.com 33. (a) Describe a renewable process by which electrical energy is obtained from the energy stored in water. You may draw a diagram in the space. (4) (b) Explain why the process described in (a) can be regarded as renewable. (2) (c) Explain whether the Sun is the source of the energy stored in the water in (a). 2) (Total: 8] www.RocketRevise.com20 www.RocketRevise.com 34 (a) State the name of a fuel that is bumt to produce large amounts of electrical energy. Describe a process by which electrical energy is obtained from the chemical energy stored in this fuel name of fuel: description of process: 14) (b) Explain why the Sun is the source of the energy stored in the fuel (2) (c)_ Explain whether the process in (a) is renewable. (2) Total: 8] 35 The student is in a country with many hours of sunshine each day. He charges his laptop using a solar panel. (a) Give two advantages of using a solar panel, comparéd with using a mains electtical supply. 1 2. fon 2) www.RocketRevise.com2 www.RocketRevise.com (b) A mains battery charger has a power output of 80W. The solar panel has a power output of 16 W. Describe one disadvantage of using the solar panel, compared with using the mains battery charger. tt] (Total: 3} 36 The diagram shows a hydroelectric power system located in the mountains. reservoir A reservoir C pumping pipeline station hydroelectric ‘station ity ATA, (a) The reservoirs store energy. State the terms used to describe the energy stored in the reservoirs. (1) (b) Describe how the energy stored in reservoir C becomes useful energy for the city at the hydroelectric station, 8) www.RocketRevise.com22 www.RocketRevise.com (c) Some of the stored energy is wasted. Explain what happens to this energy. (2) (d)_Water from reservoirs A and B may flow into reservoir C. It is more efficient to fill reservoir C using water from reservoir 8 only. ‘Suggest a reason for this. 1) (Total: 7] 37 Ababy has a mass of 8.0kg The baby is carried from the ground floor to the bedroom. The vertical height of the bedroom above the ground floor is 3.5 m. Calculate the change in gravitational potential energy of the baby when itis carried from the ground floor to the bedroom, change in gravitational potential energy = ie} otal: 2] 38 A power station burns waste materials from farm crops to generate electricity. State and explain whether this process is renewable. statement OXPIANALION «eens nsennnnennneeenenen [2] otal:-2}, 39° State two environmental consequences of burning coal to generate electricity. consequence 1 consequence 2. QI (Total: 2} www.RocketRevise.com23 www.RocketRevise.com 40 The diagram shows a geothermal power station. generating station cold water pumped down steam and hot water ‘cracks in rocks Describe how the geothermal power station generates electricity. www.RocketRevise.com