Presented By Dr.

Vijayakumar Gali
Dept. of EEE

Poornima University, Jaipur

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Content
s⚫ Energy
⚫ Conventional source of energy
⚫ Energy and economics
⚫ Commercial form of energy
⚫ Global Energy Consumption
⚫ Need to reform in energy sector
⚫ Global Energy Crises
⚫ Kyoto Protocol
⚫ Energy Scenario in India
⚫ Future energy resource

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Content
s
⚫ Renewable energy and sustainable development
⚫ Renewable Energy in India
⚫ Renewable Energy Policy Framework
⚫ research organization
⚫ Conclusion

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Energy
⚫ It is a ‘capacity to do work’
⚫ In modern era people depend upon energy
⚫ Fossil fuel like coal, oil & natural gas are main source of
energy
⚫ Energy can be classified into several types based
on the following criteria:
1. Primary and Secondary energy
2. Commercial and Non commercial energy
3. Renewable and Non-Renewable energy

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Energy

Primary Energy World Consumption (courtesy BP 2013)

(Million tonnes oil equivalent) 5
Energy

Primary energy regional consumption pattern 2012 (courtesy BP 2013)

(Percentage)

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Conventional Source of
⚫
Energy
Coal, oil and natural gas are the major source of energy
from longtime
⚫ Still 80% energy requirement is fulfill by fossil fuel
⚫ Coal play a major role to run thermal power plant
⚫ Due to rapid industrialization, consumption increase
manifold
⚫ Oil and gas decide the economic condition of country
⚫ These resources are limited and must be conserve
⚫ Main cause of air pollution and global warming

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 Energy and
Economics
⚫ Energy is essential for Economic growth
⚫ Economics growth is essential for country like India
⚫ Ratio of energy demand and GDP is useful indicator for
Economics growth
⚫ Per Capita Energy Consumption of USA 13246 kwh/Year
⚫ India Per capita consumption is about 684kwh/Year
⚫ Economic growth of country is depend upon rate
of improvement in per capita energy consumption

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Oil Consumption Per Capita 2012
Tonnes

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Commercial form of
Energy
⚫ Energy resource which is economical and technically
acceptable is known as commercial fuel
⚫ i.e. , after the invention of IC engine, oil become
a commercial fuel
⚫ Coal, oil and gas are used.
⚫ For sustainable growth, people look forward for
new available form of energy
⚫ Nuclear and hydro energy is one of the clean fuel and
have a future

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Nuclear Energy Consumption Per Capita 2012
Million tonnes oil equivalent

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Global Energy Consumption
⚫ There is uneven pattern of energy consumption in
different country
⚫ Developed country have a population of 10%, use approx.
90% of the available resources
⚫ One the other side, there is country where people depend
on wood as a form of energy
⚫ From last 20 year developing country focus on energy
sector
⚫ Rate of growth in energy sector in developed country is
1% to 2%, but in developing country growth rate is 7 to
8%. 12
 Per Capita Energy Consumption (kWh)
United Arab Emirates 9389
Sweden 1403
USA 0
1324
Australia 1072 6
Japan 7848 0 Per Capita Energy
Germany 708 Consumption (kWh)
3298 1
China
680
Indonesia
684
India
0 5000 10000 15000

Source: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.USE.ELEC.KH.PC14
Need to reform in Energy
sector
⚫ Developing countries require substantial investments in
their power sectors to sustain economic growth and
reduce poverty
⚫ Fossil fuels are depleted and need proper care
⚫ Global pollution level increase and there is threat of
global warming
⚫ Oil & gas crisis in 1980
⚫ Kyoto Protocol sign by country to reduce carbon emission

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Global Energy Crises
⚫ Global Energy requirement increases continuously
⚫ Fuel resources are depleted
⚫ Oil price increase continuously
⚫ It put pressure on country economic
⚫ Oil war start (developed country pressurized oil rich
country)
⚫ It is estimated that in next 50-60 year oil &
gas resources are consumed

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Energy Scenario in
⚫ India is a seventh largest country and have a population of
India
1.2 billion people
⚫ To maintain growth rate, need rapid growth in energy
sector
⚫ 41% of electricity generation from thermal power plant

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Energy scenario in
India
⚫ By 2016-2017, total domestic energy production of 670
million tons of oil equivalent (MTOE). This meet only
71% of the expected demand.
⚫ As per the 2011 Census, 55.3% rural households had
access to electricity
⚫ Still most of the rural area have limited supply hours of
electricity
⚫ India ready to exploit renewable energy resources

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Future Energy
⚫
Resources
Current rate of fossil fuel usage will lead to an energy
crisis this century
⚫ Energy industry start inventing new ways to extract
energy from renewable sources
⚫ Due to lack of technology and economic consideration,
total shift toward renewable energy is not possible
⚫ Nuclear energy have a future
⚫ Solar thermal plant, solar PV plant, wind energy play a
crucial role to satisfy the energy demand

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Renewable Energy and
Sustainable Development
⚫ Sustainable Development: “to meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future”
⚫ Effect of conventional source of energy: air pollution, acid
precipitation, ozone depletion, forest destruction, and emission
of radioactive substances
⚫ There is shortage of energy in near future
⚫ more use of renewable energy sources and technologies is
one of the solution
⚫ Renewable energy is a direct or indirect form of solar energy
⚫ Research is going on to make renewable energy economical
⚫ Once technology develop in renewable energy field, it help in
national sustainable economic growth
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Renewable Energy in
⚫ Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) come
India
in picture in 2006
⚫ It work to increase the share of renewable energy
Output in GW
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19.9
20 3
1
5
1 3.7
1.7 2.39 2.2
0 4 0.2
7 1
5 1

(Cumulative deployment of renewable energy as on 31.10.2013)

:Source MNRE
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Wind Energy
⚫ India have a wind potential of 50 GW at 50m height
⚫ Costal region in southern part of India is one of the
best site of wind energy
⚫ India is a fifth largest wind power producer in world
⚫ Wind energysector is one of the fastest growing
renewable energy sector
⚫ Assessment of wind energy resource is done by C-WET
(Centre for Wind Energy Technology)
⚫ R&D and testing is done by C-WET

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Biomass Power
Programme
⚫ Objective of harnessing grid quality power from biomass
⚫ Biomass material like bagasse, rice husk, cotton and jute
waste, de oiled cakes etc. are used to produce energy
⚫ Bagasse based cogeneration in sugar mill have a potential
of 5000 MW
⚫ Biogas based generation in village using animal waste

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Small Hydro
Plant
⚫ Hydro plant of capacity less than 25 MW
⚫ Estimated potential of small hydro plant is 20 GW
⚫ It help to provide electricity in remote area
⚫ Government plant to electrify boarder village of
Arunachal Pradesh using small hydro plant
⚫ AHEC (Alternative Hydro Energy Centre),IIT Roorkee is
work to design international level R&D and testing
facility

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Solar
Power
⚫ With about 300 clear, sunny days in a year, India have
abundant solar potential
⚫ Daily average solar energyincident over India
varies from 4 to 7 kWh/m2
⚫ Technology advancement and drop in price of
PV module make solar PV plant a good choice
⚫ National Solar launchto encouragesolar
Mission energy
⚫ Solar PV plant type:
1 Grid connected solar PV plant
.
2. Off grid (StandAlone) PV plant

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Jawaharlal Nehru National
Solar Mission
⚫ Launched on 11 January 2010
⚫ It aim:
1. Deployment of 20000 MW of grid connected
solar plant by 2022
2. 2000 MW of off grid solar applicationincluding
20
million solar lights by 2022
3. 20 million sq. meter of solar thermal collector area
4. R&D andcapacity building activities to achieve grid
parity by 2022

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Renewable Energy Policy
Framework
⚫ Budgetary support for research, development and
demonstration of technologies
⚫ Financial Incentives, including for renewable energy
applications in rural areas
⚫ Promoting private investment through fiscal incentives,
tax holidays, depreciation allowance and remunerative
returns for power fed into the grid.
⚫ Finance for renewable energy: IREDA

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Research
ORGANIZATION
⚫ Solar Energy Centre
⚫ Centre of Wind Energy Technology (C-WET)
⚫ AHEC (Alternative Hydro Energy Centre)
⚫ IREDA ( Indian Renewable Energy Development
Agency)
⚫ SECI (Solar Energy Corporation of India)
⚫ NCPRE(National Centre for Photovoltaic Research and
Education), IIT Bombay
⚫ Renewable energy centre in various IIT and NIT

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Conclusion
⚫ India, one of the stable economic country depend
upon thermal power plant to meet 45 % demand
⚫ To make future brighter India gear up to utilize
renewable resources
⚫ Still the share of renewable energy is not significant
⚫ Variousrenewableenergymission launch by government
of India
⚫ Growth of renewablesector show that still in
future thermal plant is a main source of energy.
⚫ Nuclearplant and large hydro plant replace
thermal power plant in future
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THANK YOU

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