Contents 1. Amplitude Modulation ... 2. Angle Modulation I 3, Radio Receivers ... 4, Sampling and Pulse Code Modulation 5. Miscellaneous Communication SS City (copy sunecstero WANE EASY Pbletons, Newel Ne parenDescription Sheet COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Chapter-1 : Amplitude Modulation Concept of modulation + Basic functional block diagram of communication systems = Introduction to modulation ‘+ Amplitucle modulation = Expression and spectrum of AM = Generation and Demodulation of AM = Power and currentrelations in AM * DsB-SC + SSBSC + Basics of VSB * Comparison of AM/DSB/SSB/VSB ‘+ FDM (Frequency division multiplexing) Chapter-2 : Angle Modulation * Basic concept of frequency and phase modulation * Spectrum of FM + General expression of FM = Single tone FM + Power and BW of FM = Carsonrule ‘+ Generation and Demodulation of FM ‘+ General expression of PM ‘* Relation between FM and PM ‘+ Frequency and Phase deviation of PM and FM Chapter-3 : Radio Receivers + Classification of receivers = Tuned Ragio Frequency Receiver (TRF) = SuperHetrodyne Receiver (SHD) ‘+ AMRX (TRF type) = Drawbacks of TRF receiver ‘+ AMRX (SHD type) * Block diagram = Advantages of SHD RX over TRF RX = Drawbacks of SHD RX (Image frequency) = Suppression of image frequency + Mixer => Upconversion = Down conversion Chapter-4 : Sampling and Pulse Code Modulation Sampling theory + PCM = Block diagram = Quantization = Encoding © Bandwidth and bitrate of POM + Signal to quantization noise powerratio ‘+ TDM (Time division multiplexing) Chapter-5 : MiscellaneousCommunication Systems Amplitude Modulation Q.1_ A 10 KW carrier is sinusoidally modulated by two carriers corresponding to a modulation index ‘of 30% and 40% respectively. The total radiated powers (@) 11.25 kW (b) 12.5 kW (0) 15 KW (o) 17 KW Q.2__12signals each band-limited to 5 kHz ate to be transmitted over a single channel by frequency division multiplexing. If AM-SSB modulation ‘guard band of 1 KHzs used, then the bandwidth of the muttiplexed signal will be (a) 51 kHz (0) 61 kHz () 71 kHz (6) 81 kHz Q.3_ In an amplitude modulated systems if the total power is 600 W and the power in caftier is 400 W, then the modulation index is @) 08 (oy0.75 (c) 08 (1 Q.4 For an AM wave, the maximum voltage was found to be 10 Vand the minimum voltage was found tobe $V; The modulation index of the wave would be: (a) 033 (&) 052 (©) 040 (9) 0.4 Q.5_ Inthe circuit shown below, the transformers are centre tapped and the diodes are connected as shown in a bridge. Between the terminals 1 and 2ana.. vollage source of frequency 400 Hz is connected. Another a.c. voltage of 1.0 MHz is connected belween 3 and 4. The output between § and 6 contains components at pws lua ina ao} A Uy painn 0 peornoidos—4 hs 009 a7 as (a) 400 Hz)1,0 MHz, 1000.4 kHz, 999.6 kHz (0) 400, Hz, 1000.0 kHz, 999.6 kHz {c) 1 MHz, 1000.4 kHz, 999.6 kHz {d) 1000.4 kHz, 999.6 kHz Which of the following demodulator can be used for demodulating the signal? x(f) = 5[1 + 2 cos200n#] cos2000nt (a) Envelope demodulator (©) Square law demodulator {c) Synchronous detector (d) None of the above A modulated signal is given by, s(t) = m(eos(nf,t) + m,(t) sin(2nt) where the baseband signal m,(t) and m,(d) have bandwidths of 10 kHz and 15 kHz, respectively. The bandwidth of the modulated signal, in kHz, is (a) 10 te) 15 (c) 25 (¢) 30 The amplitude modulated waveform st) = Agit+ Kid] cosmet is fed to anideal envelope detector. The maximum magnitude of K,m(Q) is greater than 1, which of the following could be the detector output? fa) Am) (b) Ablt+Kam(0? (o) Alt+Aum(t)—(@) Afi Kam(o © Copyright | MADE ERSS @ vn madecaspubleatonsorg6 | electrical engineering + Communication Systems Q.9 The Hilbert transform of cosy + sinagt is (a) sinot—cosw,t (b) sin +coswst () cosms-sino,t (A) sinay+sinast Q.10 A 1 MHz sinusoidal cartier is amplitude modulated by a symmetrical square wave of period 100 jisec. Which of the following frequencies will NOT be present in the modulated signal? (a) 990 kHz (b) 1010 kHz (©) 1020 kHz (d) 1080 kHz Q.11 An AM signal is detected using an envelope detector. The cartier frequency and modulating signal frequency are 1 MHz and 2 kHz respectively. An appropriate value for the time constant of the envelope detector is (@) 500 psec (b) 20 usec (6) 0.2 psec (6) 1 usec Q.12 Let o(4)= p(1)"p(0, where * denotes convolution and p(t) = u(t) ~ u(t 1) with u(Q) being the unit step function. An Amplitude Modulated signal is given as xay (1) = 100(p(1) + 0.59(t)}coswet in the interval 0 < t< 1. One set of possible values of the modulating signal and modulation index would be (@) 405 (©) t.20 tb) 410 (d) 05 Q.18 In the following scheme, ifthe spectrum Mi of mii) is as shown, then the spectrum ¥(f) of xt) will be man) et 08 (2n 5) me v0 ibe transform sin ney yeu ya0lang subukdog @ a men “eu je wed ons jale[ ean paktey eas Mca eI oy Aue uy po: our anouy () 728 (ay ' 8 ee Q.14 Consider the amplitude modulated signal A, 008 00,(+ 2.608 0,608 0, For demodulating the signal using envelope detector, the minimum value of A, should be 2 (0) 1 (©) 05 (0 Q.15 For a message signal m(i) = cos 2aft and carrier of frequency f,, which of the following represents a single side-band (SSB) signal? (@) cos 2nt.t + cos 2nf,t (0) cos 2 (c) cos 2n(f, + ft Q.16 For an AM signal, the bandwidth is 10 kHz and the highest frequency component present is. 705 kHz, The carrier frequency used for this AM signal is fa) 695 kHz (b) 700 kHz (e) 705 kHz (a) 710 kHz. © Copyright: MADE ERSY @ ww madecaspblcaonsorgPubliaatione Q.17 In amplitude modulation, the modulation envelope has a peak value which is double the unmodulated carrier value. Whats the value of the modulation index? (a) 25% (b) 50% (c) 75% (d) 100% Q.18 An AM voltage signal (0), with a carrier frequency of 1.15 GHz has a complex envelope lt) = Ag [1 +m (0), Ag = 500 V, and the modulation is a 1kHz sinusoidal test tone described by m(0) = 0.8 sin (2x x10), appears across a 50.2 resistive load. What is the actual power dissipated in the load? (@) 165 kW (b) 82.5 kW () 33 kW (9) 66 kW Q.19 A given AM broadcast station transmits an average carrier power output of 40 kW and uses a modulation index of 0.707 for sine wave modulation. What is the maximum (peak) amplitude of the output if the antenna is represented by a 50 @ resistive load? (a) 50 kV (b) 50 V (c) 3.414 kV (d) 28.28 kV Q.20 A cartier voltage has a peak amplitude of 10V ata frequency of 1 x 108 Hz. Asinusoidal signal of 1 kHz varies the amplitude of, RF wave between 7.5 and 12.5 volts) The peakamplitude of the modulating signal is (@) 10V () 26 (75v (0) 125 Q.21 A message siginal m(t) = cos 2000nt + 4 cos 4000nt modulates the cartier c(t) = cos 2nf,t where f, = 1 MHzto produce an AM signal. For demodulating the generated AM signal using an envelope detector, the time constant RC of the detector circuit should satisfy jeu fang 1uBUKICD @ hd ASV 3OVHO Jo ued oN “joa MeN “sun in s0 pe2npoides 94 hews 009 #1 Uayra EBT WnDe ensu workpook | 7 (a) 05 ms < RC < i ms (0) tus << RC < 0.5 ms (c) RC << ts (d) RC >> 0.5 ms Q.22 Amplitude modulation is used for broadcasting because {@) it is more noise immune than other modulation systems. {b) compared with other system it require less transmitting power (6) its avoids receiver complexty {d) no other modulation system can provide the necessary BW for high fidelity. Q.23 A carrier signal e(f) = 10cos2n x 10% is amplitude modulated by a message signal m(f) = eOs2n x 10*t, If the modulation index of generated AMis 0.5. The ratio of lower sideband power tothe carter power is 1 @ 4 {c) 1 Og Q.24 If a carrier of 100% modulated AM is suppressed before transmission, the power saving is nearly (a) 50% (e) 100% (b) 67% (0) 125% [ESE-2016] Q.25 When an information signal is multiplied by an auxiliary sinusoidal signal to translate its frequency, the modulation is called (a) Phase modulation (o) Frequency modulation (c) Amplitucle modulation (d) Quadrature amplitude modulation [ESE-2019] © Copyright / MADE ERS @ vn madecaspubleatonsorgCommunication Systems Angle Modulation Q.1_ In phase modulation, the frequency deviation s (@) independent of the modulating signal frequency. (©) inversely proportional to the modulating signal frequency. (¢) directly proportional to the modulating signal frequency. (A) inversely proportional to the square root of the modulating frequency. Q.2. Anangle-modulated signal is expressed by f,(8) = cos(2x 108 nt + 75sin2 x 10°nt) ‘The peak frequency deviation of the canteris then’ (a) 1 kHz (b) 7.5 kHz (©) 75 kHz (a) 100 Miz 3 Anangle-modulated signal is given by sit) = cos2n(2x 10°t + 30sin150t-+ 40¢os 150) ‘The maximum frequenoy and phase deviations of si) are (@) 10.5 kHz, 140mrad (©) 6 kHz, 80m rad (6) 10.5 kHz, 100m rad (6) 7.5 kHz, 100m rad Q4 Let m(t)=cos{(4n10")r] be the message signal and (1) = Scos| (2nx 10°)r] be the carrier. c(t) and m(t) are used to generate an FM signal, I the peak frequency deviation of the generated FM signal is three times the transmission bandwidth of the AM signal, then the coefficient of the term cos[2n(1008 x 10°)] n the FM signal (in terms of the Besse! coefficients) is Non ‘suonesiara AS¥3 CHO} anew clans wUkdeo e Se 2 ae a6 a7 as @) 54(3) © 3403) (S404) (©) 546) ‘A composite signal x,() is expressed as x,(f) = A, c08 (0,1) -A,, cos(w,—@,,)t + A,cos (ogF Opt Which of the following methods can be empl retiove the sinusoidal component ab, from x,(0)? (a)/An envelope detector, square law detector (b) Only a discriminator (c) Only a square law detector (d) Only an envelope detector A device with input x(t) and o4 characterized by: 4f) = x°(9. ‘An FM signal with frequency deviation of 90 kHz and modulating signal bandwidth of 5 kHz is applied to this device. The bandwidth of the output signal is (a) 870 kHz (b) 190 kHz (c) 880 kHz (a) 95 kHz it Aq) is ‘carrier is phase modulated (PM) with frequency deviation of 10 kHz by a single tone frequency of 1 kHz. If the single tone frequency is increased to 2 kHz, assuming that phase deviation remains unchanged, the bandwidth of the PM signal is (a) 21 kHz (0) 42 kHz (o) 22 kHz (6) 44 kHz ‘An FM wave uses a 2-5 V, 500 Hz modulating frequency and has a modulation index of 50. The deviation is © Copyright | MADE ERSS @ ww madecaspblcaonsorgPubliaatione (a) 500 Hz (b) 100 Hz (c) 1260 Hz (a) 25000 Hz Q.9 In an FM system the deviation is 4 kHz when the modulating voltage is 3 V and modulating frequency is 400Hz. Ifthe modulating frequency increases to 1000 Hz and its amplitude to 5 V then the modulation index will {@) remain the same (b) increase (©) decrease (a) be indeterminate Q.10 A trequency-modulated voltage wave is given as V= 10 sin(2n x 1084 5 sind00nt) The cartier frequency and maximum deviation of the signal are respectively (a) 10 MHz and 10 kHz (b) 100 MHz and 1 KHz (©) 10 MHz and 1 kHz (0) 100 MHz and 10 kHz Q.11 Two carriers 40 MHz and 80 Miz respectively are frequency modulated by a signal frequency 4-kH2, such thal the bandwidths of the FM signal in the two cases are the same. The peak deviation in the two cases are in the ratio of (tsa (o) 1:2 (ast (2st Q.12 An FM signal with modulation index m, is passed through a frequency tripler. The modulation index of the output signal will be (@) m, (3m, (9m, (a) 27m, 2.13 An angle-modulated signal with carrer frequency @,= 2x10 is described by the equation 4(0) = 10¢08(«.f + 5sin3000t + 10sin2000nt) the deviation ratio is approximately equal to (@ 21 6 (©) 2 (6 Q.14 The signal m(t) as shown is applied bot! phase modulator (with kas the phase constant) and a frequency modulator with (k, as the frequency constant) having the same carrier frequency a jeu fans 1uBUKICD @ hd ASV 3OVHO Jo ued oN “WWjsa MON “sun in s0 pe2npoides 24 Aes 009 #1 Uapea SRT Warxnoox | 9 m4 - Seconds) 2 + ‘The ratio &,/k, (in rad/Hz) for the same maximum phase deviation is (a) 8x (c) 2x (oan x Q.15 The power cissipated bya frequency modulated wave in 10,@ resistance when amplitude of carrier wave is 12V and amplitude of message signal is 6 V will be watts, (a) 144 (o) 72 (©) 86 (9) 18 Q.16 ‘iva frequency modulated (FM) system, when the audio frequency is 500 Hz and audio frequency voltage is 2.4 V, the frequency deviation & is 4.8 kHz, If the audio frequency voltage is now increased to 7.2 V then what is the new value of deviation? {a) 0.6 kHz (b) 3.6 kHz (6) 12.4 kHz, (6) 14.4 kHz [ESE-2016] Q.17 In FM modulation, when the modulation index increases, the transmitted power is (a) increased (b) decteased (©) unchanged (d) non related [ESE-2015] Q.18 v=Asin (0,1 + msino,,!) is the expression for (a) Amplitude modulated signal (0) Frequency modulated signal () Phase modulated signal (a) Cartier signal used for modulation [ESE-2016)] © Copyright / MADE ERS @ vn madecaspubleatonsorgCommunication Systems Radio Receivers Q.1__ Inasuperheterodyne receiver, the IF is 455 kHz, Ifitis tuned to 1200 kHz, the image frequency willbe (@) 1655 kHz (b) 745 kHz (©) 2110 kHz (6) 910 kHz Q.2_ Asuperheterodyne receiver is to operate in frequency range 550 kHz - 1650 kHz, with the intermediate frequency of 450 kHz Let A= Game denote the required capacitance Grin ratio of the local oscillator and denote the image frequency (in kHz) of the incoming signal. Ifthe receiver is tuned to 700 kHz, then (@) R= 4.41, 1 = 1600 (b) R= 2.40, 7 = 1150 (¢) R= 30,1 = 1600 (d) R= 90,1 = 1150 Q.3 When a radio receivers tuned to 585 kHz, its local oscillator provides the mixer With an input at 1010 kHz. At the output, another signal is also received along with the desired signal. What is the frequenty of the other station? (@) 910 kHz (b) 355 KHz (e) 485 kHz (6) 1465 KHz Non ‘suonesiara AS¥3 CHO} anew clans wUkdeo Te Se ee Q.4_ One of the main functions of RF stage amplifier in Super Heterodyne Radio Receiver is to {@) provide improve tracking. (©) permit bettePadjacent channel rejection. (6) increase tuning range of the receiver. (q) improve rejection of image frequency. Q5_ Inia superheteradyne receiver arrange the following components sequentially from input to the output 1. Antenna 2, Mixture 301F amplifier 4, Audio ampilfier (@) 1,2, 3and4 —(b) 4, 2,3 and 1 (1,3, 2and4 (4) 4,3, 2and 1 Q.6 The image channel rejection in a super- heterodyne receiver comes from (a) IF stages only (0) RF stages only (c) Detectors and RF stages only (d) Detector, RF and IF stages © Copyright | MADE ERSS @ ww madecaspblcaonsorgCommunication Systems Sampling and Pulse Code Modulation @.1 The Nyquist sampling rate for the signal ‘X= 10008 (SOnt) cos? (150xh, Where * isin seconds, is (2) 150 samples per second (0) 200 samples per second (6) 300 samples per second (a) 350 samples per second Q2_Asignal x(t) = 6costOntis sampled at the rate of 14 Hz. To recover the original signal, the cut- off frequency f, of the ideal low-pass fiter should be (@) 5Hz < f< SHz (©) 10 Hz (b) 9 Hz (0) 14 Hz Q3 A signal x(t)=100c0s(24n x 10*)t is Ideally sampled with a sampling period of 50 see and then passed through an ideal lowpass fier with cutoff frequency of 18)kHz. Which of the following frequencies is/are present atthe fiter output? (a) 12 kHz only (0) 8 kHz,Ghiy. (o) 12 kHz and 9 kHz (6) 12 kHz ands kHz Q.4 Aband-pass signal has significant frequency ‘components in the range of 1.5 MHz to 2 MHz, If the signal is to be reconstructed from its samples, the minimum sampling frequency wil be (a) 1 MHz (2) 35 MHz (0) 2 MHz (6) 4 MHz Q5 An analog signal has significant spectral components from 1 kHz to 5 kHz. What is the e pws lua ina ao} A Uy painn 0 peornoidos—4 hs 009 Nyquist sampling rate for this signal? (a) 5 k samplesis._ (o) 4 k samplesis (©) 8 k samples/s — (@) 10k samples/s In a PCM system.cach quantisation level is ‘encoded into’ bits, The signal to quantisation noise ratio is equalto way was) (c) 64 dB (e) 48 dB (0) 256 dB Fof 10-bit PCM system, the signal to quantisation noise ratio is 62 dB. If the number of bits is increased by 2, then the signal to quantisation noise ratio will (@) increase by 6 dB (b) increase by 12 dB (c) decrease by 6 dB (a) docrease by 12 a8 Q.8 The peak-to-peak input to an 8-bit PCM coder is 2volts, The signal power-to-quantization noise power ratio (in dB) for an input of 05 cos(o 9) is (a) 478 (0) 438 (0) 956 (6) 99.6 9 Asinusoidal signalwith peak-to-peak amplitude of 1.536 Vis quantized into 128 levels using a mid-rise uniform quantizer. The quantization noise power is (@) 0768V (6) 12x 108 (b) 48 x 10 VE (¢) 3072V Q.10 A signal is sampled at 8 kHz and is quantized using 8-bil uniform quantizer. Assuming SNR, for a sinusoidal signal, the correct for PCM signal with a bit rate of Ris © Copyright | MADE ERSS @ vn madecaspubleatonsorg12 | stectcal Engineering » Communication Systems (a) R = 32 kbps, SNR, = 25.8 dB (b) R = 64 kbps, SNR, = 49.8 a8 (0) R= 64 kbps, SNR, = 55.8 dB (0) R = 82 kbps, SNR, = 49.8 a8 Q.11 Analog data having highest harmonic at 30 kHz generated by a sensor has been digitized using G-level PCM. What will be the rate of digital signal generated? (a) 120 kbps (c) 240 kbps (6) 200 kbps (d) 180 kbps Q.12 The bandwidth of a PCM system having two ‘quantization levels is 8. Ifthe quantization level is increased to 8, the resullant bandwidth wil be a8 (b) 28 (o) 38 (d) 4B Q.13 Four signals 9,(0), 9,(0, 9,(0) and g,(t) are to be multiplexed and transmitted. g,(1) and g,(f) have a bandwidth of 4 kHz, and the remaining two signals have bandwidth of 8 KHz. Each sample requires 8 bit for encoding, Whatis the minimurn transmission bit rate of the system? (@) 512 kbps (0) 16 kbps (6) 192 kbps (a) 384 kbps Q.14 Three analog signals, having bandwidths 1200 Hz, 600 Hz and 600 Hz, are sampled at their respective Nyquist rates, encoded with 12 bit words, and time division multiplexed. The bitrate for the multiplexed signal is (@) 115.2 kbps (bp) 28.8 kbps (©) 57.6 Kpbs) (d) 38.4 kbps e 3 a men “eu je wed on fale ean paket eas Ca eI oy Aue uy po: our anouy Publleatians Q.18 A 12 channel TDM system where each channel signal is 4 kHz is sampled at 8 kHz. What is the bandwidth requirement? (a) 12 kHz (b) 12 x 4 kHz fo) 12x BkH2 (12x Bx 4 KH Q.16 Four message band limited to, w, 20 and 30 respectively are to be multiplexed using TDM. The minimum bandwidth required for transmission of this TDM signal is @) @ (0) 30 () 60 @) 7 Q.17 The discrete Samples of an analog signal are to be uniformly quantized for PCM system. If the maximum value ofthe analog sample is to be represented within 0.1% accuracy, then minimum number of binary digits required will be nearly ()7 (b) 9 (©) At () 13 [ESE-2019] Q.18 Abinary channel with capacity of 36 kbits/see is available for PCM voice transmission. If signal is band limited to 3.2 kHz, then the appropriate values of quantizing level L and the sampling frequency respectively are (a) 32and36kHz — (b) 64 and 7.2kHz (c) Gaand3GkHz — (d) S2and7.2kHz [ESE-2013] © Copyright | MADE ERSS @ ww madecaspblcaonsorgCommunication Systems Miscellaneous Q.1_ A Pre-emphasis circuit provides extra noise immunity by (a) Boosting the base frequencies (b) Amplifying the higher audio frequencies (¢) Pre-amplitying the whole audio band (d) Converting the phase modulation to FM Q2 Which one of the following pulse communications systems is digital? (@) PAM (b) PCM () PPM () PWM Q.3_A TDM link has 20 signal channels and each channel is sampled at 8 kHz. Each sample is, represented by 7 bits and contains an additional bit for synchronization. The total bitrate for the. TDM Link is (a) 1128 kops (b) 1180 kbps (¢) 1280 kbps (d).128 Mbps) Q.4 Which one of the following modulation technique is most affected by noise? (a) ASK (o) PSK () FSK (dp MSK Q.5_ For the A 3000,Hz bandwidth channel has a capacity of 30 kbps. The signal-to-noise ratio of the channel is (a) 2008 (b) 25.08 (©) 3048 (6) 4008 [ESE-2010} Q6 To permit the selection of 1 out of 16 equiprobable events, the number of bits required is @2 (©) log,,16 os (4 e pa lua ina ao} A Uy painn 0 peornoidos—4 hs 009 Q.7 Acommunication channel has a bandwidth of 100 Mz, The channel is extremely noisy such that the signal power is vety much below the noise power What is the Capacity of this channel? (@) 100 Mbps (c) 2400. bps {b) 50 Mbps {d) Nearly 0 bps Which ane of the following system gives the highest figure-of-merit (a measure of the noise performance)? (a) W8FM. () AM (o) NBFM. (¢) SSB [ESE-2014] (SIN vary The ratio SIM ay modulation with identical total transmitted power (m,is modulation index of FM) is (a) 9/2nh (bo) 3/27 (c) 3/2nF (a) 9/2mF Q.10 S,and S, denote the signal at input and output of a linear network N, and N, are the corresponding noises. Which one of the following is the correct expression for noise figure of the ao for 100% amplitude network? 58, SN, © Tne © Sry SN SNe (c) SN, (a) SN, Q.11 Fora binary phase-shitt keying modulator with acarrier frequency of 70 MHz and input bitrate of 10 Mbps, the maximum Upper Side © Copyright | MADE ERSS @ vn madecaspubleatonsorg14 | stectcal Engineering» Communication Systems MADE EASY Publleatians Frequency (USF) and minimum Lower Side Frequency (LSF) are respectively Q.13 For an 8-PSK system, operating with an information bit rate of 24 kbps, the baud rate (@) 85 MHz and 65 MHz will be (b) 75 MHz and 65 MHz {a) 16,000 (b) 12,000 (©) 55 MHz and 45 MHz {e) 8,000 (a) 6,000 (@) 55 Miz and 45 MHz Q.12 The Shannon limit for information capacity Cis (@) B log, (1-4) (b) B log, (+3) © Bog, {2 ws aio (tig) (2) B logy (ty Where N= Noise power (W) B = Bandwidth (Hz) S = Signal power (W) and ASV TOWN 81 oneu y2elang WUBUAECO @ 4 su jo wed 10 poonpoide 94 Rs Uojssiusied uojum 94) nowin wo} Aue UI pas © Copyright MADE ERS Q wr madeeasypublicaionsorg