Example 2 oECTatTen ‘A square-based pyramid has base coordinates z 0(0, 0,0), AM4,0, 0), B(4, 4,0), and C(0, 4, 0). DE2,2,5) The apex of the pyramid is D(2, 2, 5). @ Verify that the apex lies directly above the centre of the base, b Find the volume of the pyramid, € Suppose M is the midpoint of [BC] | Find the coordinates of M. fi’ Find the exact length of [MD]. ‘A(4.0,0) lll Hence find the surface area of the pyramid. x To find the centre of the base, we locate the midpoints of the diagonals. The midpoint of OB] is (HE, #4 OEP) whichis (22,0). ‘The midpoint of [AC] is &. “ ot) which is (2, 2, 0). the centre of the base is (2, 2, 0). the apex (2, 2, 5) lies directly above the centre of the base. 1b Volume = 4(area of base x height) AX AXE = 22 units? 440 444 040 a ARO A CEO) which is (2, 4,0). W MD= YQ=2+ 2-47 + 6-07 = (ee D I Area of triangle BCD = 3 x4 x V3 = 2v29 units? surface area of pyramid ea of base + area of 4 triangular faces =x x 2V%) units? I = (4x4 + 4x 2V29) units? a 59.1 units? —EXERCISE 9B 1 Find the volume of each rectangular prism: * ‘J boo. (0,0,3)| (0,3,0) “} (0.2.0), (3.0.0) Ke 2 Consider the triangular-based prism alongside, @ State the coordinates of D and E. © Find the volume of the prism. © Find the length of [AB] d Hence find the surface area of the prism. Boa) 3 A square-based pyramid has base coordinates O(0, 0, 0), Bis 5.0) A(6,0, 0), B(6, 6,0), and C(O, 6,0). The apex of the pyramid is D(3, 3, 9) 2 Verify that the apex lies directly above the centre of the base Find the volume of the pyramid. C106.) € Suppose M is the midpoint of [AB]. {Find the coordinates of M {i Find the length of {MD} il Hence find the surface area of the pyramid. K (6.6.0) 4 Find the volume and surface area of a rectangular-based pyramid with base coordinates O(0, 0, 0), A(10, 0, 0), B(10, 18, 0), and C(O, 18, 0), and apex (5, 9, 12) 5. The base of a cone lies in the X-Y plane, and is centred at the origin. The point (4, 5, 0) lies on the edge of the base, and the apex of the cone is (0, 0, 6). 8 Find the base radius of the cone. 1b Find the exact volume of the cone. © Find the slant height of the cone, Hence find the surface area of the cone. 6 The point (—4, -6, 10) lies on the surface of a sphere with centre (2, 3, ~1). Find the radius of the sphere. 'b Hence find the volume of the sphere. 7 A sphere has diameter [PQ], where P is (—1, 1,2), and Qis (5, 7, -8). Locate the centre of the sphere. 'b Find the radius of the sphere. ¢ Hence find the volume and surface area of the sphere.Emre Find the angle between the line segment [EC] and the base plane ABCO. ESECaticd tan@ = war 6 = tan? (>) = 25.1° ‘The angle is about 25.1°. a C(0,4,0) ° ¥ ‘A(5,0,0) B ‘The required angle is ACE. iz Now AE =3 units 1D0.0.3)_G and AC= VO—5? + (4-07 + 0-0) = Vor e = VAT units 1 740 (0.0.6) Find the angle between the following line segments E1 and the base plane ABCO: a [BE] b [AG] (0.5.0) ¥ B 2 Z Find B2 D a the midpoint M of [AB] t+ Baio - lc. © BND. ag 3. Mis the midpoint of [QR]. Find the coordinates of M. 1b Find the measure of QMIT. be € Find the angle between the following line segments and the base plane: 1 [Qs] ii [TM] exsseay Z $(0.0.7) y o et R(0,6,0) x‘State the coordinates of M. (22,5) b Find the angle between the following line ‘segments and the base plane of the pyramid: i [DM] [Da] i £(0,4,0) (44,0) a State the coordinates of M. b Find the angle between the following line segments and the base plane: i [AE] fi (MBI ¢ Find the angle ABM. a Find the coordinates of M, the centre of the face Z ABCD. 5D © Calculate the angle: ¥ i EDF il AME. A 8 a 6 oF r F