Name – Pranav

Shrivastava
Class- BBA 4th Semester
Productions Management
 Production management
• synopsis.
• Introduction
• Definition
• Feature
• Scope
• Important
• Problems
• Conclusion
 INTRODUCTION
• Production management (POM) is the management of an organization’s production systems, which
converts inputs into the desired product and services.
• Production management, also called operations management, planning and control of industrial processes
to ensure that they move smoothly at the required level.
• In manufacturing operations, production management includes responsibility for product and process
design, planning and control issues involving capacity and quality, and organization and supervision of the
workforce.
• Production management’s responsibilities are summarized by the “five M’s”: men, machines, methods,
materials, and money. “Men” refers to the human element in operating systems. Since the vast majority of
manufacturing personnel work in the physical production of goods, “people management” is one of the
production manager’s most important responsibilities.
• The production manager must also choose the machines and methods of the company, first selecting the
equipment and technology to be used in the manufacture of the product or service and then planning and
controlling the methods and procedures for their use
 Definition
1According to E. L. Brech, “Production management is the process of effective planning and
regulating the operations of that section of an enterprise which is responsible for the actual
transformation of materials into finished products.
2. According to E. S. Buffa, “Production management deals with decision making related to
production process so that the resulting goods or service is produced according to
specifications, in the amounts and by the schedule demanded and at minimum cost.”
3. Mr, E.L. Brech: Production Management is the process of effective planning and regulating
the operations of that section of an enterprise which is responsible for the actual
transformation of materials into finished products.
 Scope of Production Management
• Plant layout and material handling
Plant layout describes how facilities are physically organized.
Material handling refers to the transportation of materials from a storeroom to a machine and
from one machine to another throughout the production process.
• Production Management
Production control is a component of production management. The manager is responsible for
monitoring and managing the output.
He must determine whether or not the actual production is carried out according to the plan.
He must determine any variances by comparing actual production to the planned. Then, he
makes the required corrections to these discrepancies.
• Planning and controlling production ( P.P.C)
P.P.C is the process of organizing the production in advance, determining the precise path for
each item, defining the starting and completion dates for each item, and monitoring the progress
of items as they are produced in accordance with orders
• Maintenance Administration
Maintenance involves looking after the design and types of machinery in factories.
• This is crucial for machinery and equipment, which are crucial components of the entire
production process.
• Process Design
Making decisions on the whole process of transforming raw materials into final items is what this
involves.
• Location of Facilities
As significant investments are made in buildings, land, and equipment, choosing the right
site is crucial.
 Importance of production management
• Efficent use of capital and resources
• Production management minimizes the cost of production and enhances the use of resources to the
fullest. A concise blueprint enables proper use of resources and time, minimising disparity between
production process and output. Evaluation of production processes and maintenance downtime will
ensure processes can be managed efficiently optimising workforce efficiency. A well-thought-out
production function will result in high-quality products, a faster rate of production, and a lower cost per

Competitive edge
Production management can be a great tool for organisations facing competition in the market. A
smoother flow of processes increases efficiency whilst also allowing the company to provide quality
products and services. Production management techniques play a role in the effective innovation of new
products and facilitate research in developing new and quality products. It can aid organisations in
emerging as market leaders since less time spent for production processes means more resources to
spare for other domains that may need more attention.
• . Minimizes risk of product failures
• Preparing a lucid roadmap and collating information and assumptions helps
assess the market and reduce chances of failure. Knowing the requirements
and needs of the market will help reduce the chance that a product will flop.
Ultimately, product management, like everything else, cannot guarantee
success, but it does reduce it.
 Problems
• Quality problems: High defect rate, high return rate, and poor quality.
Output problems: Long lead time, unreasonable production schedule, high
inventory rate, supply chain interruption.
Cost problems: Low efficiency, idle people or machines.
Management problems: Potential safety hazards, bad working conditions.
• PRODUCTION System
• Synopsis
• Introduction
• Definition
• Feature
• Models
• Types
• Conclusion
 Introduction
• Introduction; A system is a logical arrangement of components designed to
achieve particular objectives according to a plan. A system may have many
components and variation in one component is likely to affect the other
components of the system e.g. Change in the rate of production will affect
inventory, overtime hours, etc. A production system is a computer program
typically used to provide some form of artificial intelligence. Which consists
primarily of a set of rules about behavior but it also includes the mechanism
necessary to follow those rules as the system responds to states of the world.
 Meaning of production system

• Meaning of production
Production can be explained as an act of either manufacturing or mining or growing of goods (commodities)
generally in bulk for trade.
Production is a method employed for making or providing essential goods and services for consumers. It is a
process that puts intangible inputs like ideas, creativity, research, knowledge, wisdom, etc. In use or action. It
is a way that transforms (convert) tangible inputs like raw-materials, semi-finished goods and unassembled
goods into finished goods or commodities
• . Meaning of system
System is an arrangement or assembly of inter-dependent processes (activities) that are based on some logic
and function. It operates as a whole and is designed (build) with an intension to achieve (fulfill) some
objective or do some work. Huge systems are often a collection (assembly) of smaller sub-systems.
• . Meaning of production system
Production system consists of three main components viz., Inputs, Conversion Process and Output.
Inputs include raw-materials, machines, man-hours, components or parts, drawing, instructions and other paper
works.
Conversion process includes operations (actual production process). Operations may be either manual or mechanical
or chemical. Operations convert inputs into output. Conversion process also includes supporting activities, which
help the process of conversion. The supporting activities include; production planning and control, purchase of
raw-materials, receipt, storage and issue of materials, inspection of parts and work-in-progress, testing of products,
quality control, warehousing of finished products, etc.
Output includes finished products, finished goods (parts), and services.
Hence, we can say that, production system is a union or combination of its three main components viz., Inputs,
Conversion Process, and Output. In short, everything which is done to produce goods and services or to achieve the
production objective is called production system.
 Definition of production system

• “Themethods, procedure or arrangement

which includes all functions required to
accumulate (gather) the inputs, process or
reprocess the inputs, and deliver the
marketable output (goods).”
• Elements of Production System:
The following elements are below
• Inputs: Inputs are the physical and human resources utilized in the production process. Also, They consist
of raw materials, parts, capital equipment, human efforts, etc.
Conversion Process: It refers to a series of operations that are performing on materials and parts.
Operations may be either manual or mechanical or chemical. Also, Operations convert inputs into output.
The conversion process also includes supporting activities, which help the process of conversion. The
supporting activities include; production planning and control, purchase of raw materials, receipt, storage
and issue of materials, an inspection of parts and work-in-progress, testing of products, quality control,
warehousing of finished products, etc.
Outputs: Outputs are the products or completed parts resulting from the conversion process. The output
generates revenue.
Storage: Storage takes place after the receipt of inputs, between one operation and the other, and after the
output.
Transportation: Inputs are transporting from one operation to another in the production process.
Information: It provides system control through measurement, comparison, feedback, and corrective
action.
 Mass Production
• The mass production process constitutes assembly lines and automation technology to provide goods in bulk. The main features of mass
production include division of labor as each production process requires a different machine, a smooth flow production with product flow
clearly defined, standardization to achieve high quality, and high startup costs due to the many resources required before operations.
• Pros
Flow production — Flow production is due to the large volumes of products being manufactured in lesser time. For example, phone
companies have different machines to assemble the phone parts faster than human beings could
Lower costs — Few workers are needed in the production process, and waste is reduced due to the high precision of automated machines. For
example, a human being is prone to mistakes, but a machine receives specific instructions and is not prone to errors.
Cons
Lack of employment opportunities — production utilizes automatic machinery to carry out the production process. For example, a machine is
used for finished packaging products, which people could have done.
Pollution — Wastes from huge companies are released into the environment. For example, a fertilizer processing company pollutes water
when releasing chemicals into water sources, including streams and rivers.
 Process Production
• Process manufacturing is a production method that creates goods by
combining supplies, ingredients or raw materials using a formula or recipe. It
is frequently used in industries that produce bulk quantities of goods, such as
food, beverages, refined oil, gasoline, pharmaceuticals, chemicals and plastics.
 Batch production
• Batch Production
The production process in batch production is the same goods go through different stages to create the same output. It constitutes of batches, group production, and
the same machinery. The main features of the batch process include repetitive processes, machines of the same type arranged strategically in the same production
process, and a set layout and elements include group customization, which involves changes to be made and reuse of equipment’s
Pros
Flexibility — Different goods are produced using the same machinery, customization is easy, and companies can control their output. For example, a bakery uses the
same machine to produce the different kinds of goods they sell.
Product variety — It allows for the same products to be made in different specifications as ordered by the company example, a clothing company can make the same
shirt in different sizes and colors depending on customer specification.
Cons
Costly errors — When errors go undetected, they can ruin a whole batch, leading to waste of raw materials and loss. For example, electronics assembled wrongly lead to
huge losses due to the costly raw materials.
Employee Downtime — There is a lot of idle time for the employees due to the many quality checks involved in the batch production process. For example, a bakery
takes a lot of time to check the quality of goods produced and clean the machines for the next production batch.
 Job Production
• Job Production
Job production is a process that constitutes workers making a single, standardized, and unique goods for a
specific customer. Its features include many machines, a large number of experienced employees, varying
production methods, and standardized goods. The elements are large inventories, adjustable machine settings,
and intermittent movement of Materials.
Pros
Higher profits — job production recruits workers with higher expertise to match the products offered. For
example, different product designs call for qualified architectures to deliver services as advertised.
Customization — Customers can get a product based on their tastes and preferences. For example, a
customer can choose the styles they want on their floor tiles and get the exact product they placed an order
for.
 Conclusion

• Production system is a result of arranging

inputs, their conversion process and output
based on some logic and functions. Production
system fails if any such arrangement made
don’t give a desired level of outcome.
 Material requirements planning
• Synopsis
• Introduction
• Meaning
• Definition
• Feature
• Steps
• Importance
• Conclusion
 Introduction
Material requirements planning (MRP) is a
production planning and inventory control system
used to manage manufacturing processes. These
systems are in place so that a manufacturing
facility will always have enough stock for the
manufacturing process.
 Meaning of MRP

• MRP is a system designed to plan manufacturing production. It identifies

necessary materials, estimates quantities, determines when materials will be
required to meet the production schedule, and manages delivery timing –
with the goal of meeting demands and improving overall productivity.
 Conclusion

• Material requirement planning is an effective method to increase the

productivity of manufacturing companies. Since its first development back in
1964, the system successfully integrated into many business aspects and make
it easier for them to create a production plan.
 Just in time

• Introduction
• Definition
• feature
• Importance
• Conclusion
 Introduction

• Just-in-time, or JIT, is an inventory management method in which goods

are received from suppliers only as they are needed. The main objective of
this method is to reduce inventory holding costs and increase inventory
turnover.
Conclusion