ETHNICITY VS.

TRIBE

ETHNICITY TRIBES

Ethnicity refers to a group of people who Tribes are smaller, local groups within the ethnicity. (e.g. Ifugao
share similar interests, religion, cultural & Aeta)
identity but may live in a different place. (e.g.
Tagalog & Cebuano)

Ethnicities are larger and more widespread. Tribes are smaller, local groups.
(size)

Ethnicities can be more diverse and less Tribes are tightly knit communities
connected.(closeness)

Members of an ethnicity can be scattered. Tribes typically live in a specific area

(location)

ETHNIC GROUP INDIGENOUS GROUP

Social groups that are distinguished and Unique social and cultural groups witj ancestral links to the
linked in a wider community by shared racial, lands and natural resources in which they live or inhabit.
linguistic, nationality, or cultural
characteristics. Are those who are the original occupants of a particular location
and who continue to practice tradition that predates modernity.

Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon, Bikol, Igorot, Lumad, Aeta, Mangyan, T’boli, Manobo, B’laan, Agta,
Kapampangan, and Pangasinense and Talaandeg

INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM AND PRACTICE IN THE PHILIPPINES

Indigenous knowledge systems and practices (IKSP) in the Philippines refer to the accumulated
knowledge, beliefs, practices, and technologies that have been developed and transmitted over generations
within indigenous communities in the country.

IKSP IMPORTANCE indigenous knowledge and practices in the Philippines:

Cultural Preservation Traditional Agricultural Techniques

Sustainable Resource Management Medicinal Plants and Healing Practices

Community Resilience Traditional Ecological Knowledge

Contribution to Scientific Knowledge Rituals and Ceremonies

Social Justice and Human Rights Customary Laws and Governance Systems

Sustainable Development Traditional Crafts and Artistic Expressions

Oral Traditions and Storytelling

PROBLEMS AND ISSUES CONFRONTING ETHNIC GROUPS

Discrimination and racism

Socioeconomic disparities
Cultural assimilation and loss of identity
Political marginalization
Conflict and violence
Human rights violation
National Commission on Indigenous People (NICP)

Is a government organization that focuses in protecting the rights and well being of indigenous
communities.

MANDATE
The NCIP shall protect and promote the interest and well-being of the Indigenous Cultural
Communities/Indigenous Peoples with due regard to their beliefs, customs, traditions, and
institutions.

VISION
An esteemed Commission committed to the delivery of quality services to ICCs/IPs with their
rights fully respected, recognized, promoted, and protected.

MISSION
An enabling partner and lead advocate that formulates and implements policies, plans, and
programs for the well-being of IPs with due regard to their ancestral domains and lands, self-
governance and empowerment, social justice and human rights, and cultural integrity.

Republic Act 8371 Indigenous People Rights Act (IPRA)

The State shall recognize, respect and protect the rights of indigenous cultural communities to
preserve and develop their cultures, traditions, and institutions. It shall consider these rights in
the formulation of national plans and policies.

Ancestral Domains/ Lands Develop & manage lands & natural

Ownership resources; Stay in territories; Rights in case
of displacement; Regulate entry of migrants;
Claim reservations; Right to safe & clean air
& water; Resolve conflict through customary
law; To transfer ancestral lands; To redeem
ancestral lands lost through vitiated consent.

Native Title Refers to pre-conquest rights to lands and

domains which, as far back as memory
reaches, have been held under a claim of
private ownership by ICCs/IPs, have never
been public lands and are thus indisputably
presumed to have been held that way since
before the Spanish Conquest
(Section 3l, RA 8371)

Ancestral Lands Land occupied, possessed and utilized by

individuals, families and clans who are
members of the ICCs/IPs since time
immemorial, by themselves or through their
predecessors-in- interest, under claims of
individual or traditional group ownership,
continuously, to the present
(Section 3b, RA 8371)

Right to Self-Governance and Freely pursue economic, social & cultural

Empowerment well-being; Free Prior Informed Consent in
use of resources therein; Use commonly
accepted justice system/conflict resolution
institutions/peace building
processes/customary laws; Participate in
decision- making that may affect them;
Mandatory representation in policy-making
bodies & local legislative councils; Determine
their own priorities; Organize; Granted means
 to fully develop their institutions & initiatives

Social Justice & Human Equal protection & non-discrimination

Rights • Rights during armed conflict
• Equal opportunity & treatment
•Basic services
•Protection to women, children & youth
• Integrated system of education

Right to Cultural Integrity Protection of culture, traditions and

institutions. These must be considered in the
formulation and application of national
plans and policies; Access to cultural
opportunities, Recognition of cultural
diversity, Practice & revitalize their customs &
traditions & the state must protect
manifestations
thereof, Religious, cultural sites &
ceremonies; funds for archaeological &
historical sites, Ownership and recognition
of cultural and intellectual rights.

Delineation and Recognition of Ancestral domains or portions thereof, which

Ancestral Domains SECTION 5
Environmental Considerations.
are found to be necessary for critical
watersheds, mangroves, wildlife
sanctuaries, wilderness, protected
areas,forest cover, or reforestation as
determined by appropriate agencies with
the full participation of the ICCs/IPs
concerned shall be maintained, managed and
developed for such purposes.

National Commission on Indigenous People (NICP)

Is a government organization that focuses in protecting the rights and well being of indigenous
communities.

MANDATE
The NCIP shall protect and promote the interest and well-being of the Indigenous Cultural
Communities/Indigenous Peoples with due regard to their beliefs, customs, traditions, and
institutions.

VISION
An esteemed Commission committed to the delivery of quality services to ICCs/IPs with their
rights fully respected, recognized, promoted, and protected.

MISSION
An enabling partner and lead advocate that formulates and implements policies, plans, and
programs for the well-being of IPs with due regard to their ancestral domains and lands, self-
governance and empowerment, social justice and human rights, and cultural integrity.

INTERNATIONAL LEGAL SUPPORT FOR INDIGENOUS PEOPLE