MARINE PURIFIER PPT

NARESH LADE
 SEPERATION
• Separation as a means of removing impurities from a fuel can be
undertaken by means of gravity in a settling tank or by means of
centrifuging the fuel. Both methods work on the same principles that
by subjecting the fuel to a constant force, the denser components of
the fuel i.e water and dirt will be separated from the lighter
components i.e. the fuel itself.

• Gravity acting on the fuel as it passes slowly through the tank will
separate the denser components from the fuel where they will
accumulate at the bottom of the tank. The contaminants can then be
remove by separation of sludge from the tank.
 PRINCIPLES OF SEPERATION
• If an oily water mix is placed into a tank then separation of the two parts
will begin with the lighter element rising to the top. The rate the
separation occurs is governed by several factors including the difference
in specific gravities and the force of gravity acting upon it.

• For mixes placed into a settling tank there is little that can be done
about the gravity but the difference in the specific gravities can be
increased by heating. This because water density changes at a much
reduced rate when compared to oil.

• A wide shallow tank will increase the rate of clarification over a tall thin
tank
 PRINCIPLES OF SEPERATION
• When a volume of light oil is placed into a tank contain a weir and a
quantity of water the fluids will tend to arrange themselves as shown
above. The height of the water in the weir rises to a point governed by
the volume (and thereby relative height) and specific gravity of the light
oil.
• Knowing this it is possible to form a rudimentary purification system.
 PRINCIPLES OF SEPERATION
• As a oil/water mix is fed into the tank separation begins with heavy
particulates falling to the base of the tank along with water which joins
the other water excess overflowing the heavy phase weir. Hopefully
clear oil passes over the light phase weir. The problem arises that to
ensure their is suffcient time to allow for full (separation of the oily mix
the flow would have to be very small relative to the size of the tank.
 CENTRIFUGING
• Centrifuging is the process by which the effects of gravity can be
amplified by the use of centrifugal force to the extent that the
separation process becomes rapid and continuous. Centrifuges work by
rapidly spinning a bowl containing the liquid, thus producing the
required centrifugal force to produce separation.

• The principle of operation of the centrifuge is simple. When a bowl

containing impure fuel is rotated, centrifugal forces will throw any item
with density greater than the fuel oil density (solids and free water) to
the periphery of the bowl.
 CENTRIFUGING
• Centrifugal separators used for the separation of two liquids of different
densities (fuel and water) are known as purifiers and those used for
separating solid impurities are known as clarifiers, Purifiers will also
remove some solids and clarifiers will also remove small quantities of
water.
Principle of seperation in centrifuge
containing angled plate stack
• Fluid moving between two plates has a velocity
greatest at mid point and minimum approaching
the plates.

• A particle entering into the plates will tend to be

pushed upwards by the fluid flow.

• All the time centrifugal force tends to retard the

horizontal component of the movement causing
the partical to approach the underside of the top
disc. As it approaches the fluid flow velocity
reduces.
• The centrifugal force eventually overcomes the
force acting on the particle due to fluid movement
and the particle starts to move towards the outer
rim. The centrifugal force acting on a particle is
proportional to its mass therefore a small particle
will tend to move further under the influence of
fluid flow. Indeed a particle small enough will be
carried through the plates and out with the
discharge. In this way it can be seen that reducing
the flow rate to a purifier will tend to increase the
quality of the output.
 TYPES OF CENTRIFUGE
• There are normally two types based on the application:
• Clarifier
• Purifier

• Clarifier: When a centrifugal is arranged to remove only impurities and small

amount of water, it is called as clarifier. Since it is used mainly for that fluid
where mostly solid impurities are to be removed, gravity disc is not used in
clarifier; instead a sealing ring is used to keep the impurities intact unless
desludged.

• Purifier: The particle is pushed upwards with the oil stream towards the
centre while the centrifugal force directs it to the periphery. The residual force
on denser particles (impurities) will drive them towards the periphery, while
the less dense particles (oil) will be directed towards the centre of the bowl
and raise to the outlet connection.
 TYPES OF CENTRIFUGE
• There are normally two types based on the application:
• Clarifier
• Purifier

• Clarifier: When a centrifugal is arranged to remove only impurities and small

amount of water, it is called as clarifier. Since it is used mainly for that fluid
where mostly solid impurities are to be removed, gravity disc is not used in
clarifier; instead a sealing ring is used to keep the impurities intact unless
desludged.

• The particle is pushed upwards with the oil stream towards the centre while
the centrifugal force directs it to the periphery. The residual force on denser
particles (impurities) will drive them towards the periphery, while the less
dense particles (oil) will be directed towards the centre of the bowl and raise
to the outlet connection.
Clarifier
• Purifier:When a centrifuge is arranged for separating two liquids
of different densities, for e.g. water from oil, it is known as a
purifier. The main component of purifier is correct size gravity disc
or dam ring which is responsible to create interface between the
oil and water.

• The basic operations of clarifier and purifier are: It contains stack

of disk numbering up to 150 and are separated from each other by
very small gap. A series of holes are aligned in each disk near the
outside edge which permits the entry of dirty oil.
• Due to difference in gravity and centrifugal force, the heavier impure liquid
(water) and particles moves outside and lighter clean oil flows inwards and get
separated. The collected sludge and impurity can be discharged continuously
or at a time intervals, depending upon the construction, automation and
system incorporated
Purifier
• When a centrifuge is set up as a purifier, a second outlet
pipe is used for discharging water as shown. In the fuel oil
purifier, the untreated fuel contains a mixture of oil, solids
and water, which the centrifuge separates into three
layers. While in operation, a quantity of oil remains in the
bowl to form a complete seal around the underside of the
top disc and, because of the density difference, confines
the oil within the outside diameter of the top disc.
Purifier

• As marine fuel oil normally contains a small quantity of

water, it is necessary to prime the bowl each time that it is
run, otherwise all the oil will pass over the water outlet side
to waste. The water outlet is at greater radius than that of
the fuel. Within the water outlet there is a gravity disc,
which controls the radial position of the fuel water interface
Purifier

• A set of gravity discs is supplied with each machine and the

optimum size to be fitted depends on the density of the
untreated oil. When the fuel centrifuge is operating,
particulate matter will accumulate on the walls of the bowl. If
the centrifuge is set as a clarifier, the particulate matter will be
a combination of water and solid material.
Purifier

• If it is set as a purifier, the free water is continuously

discharged, therefore, the particulate matter will consist
of solid material. In older machines it is necessary to stop
the centrifuge to manually clean the bowl and disc stack,
however, the majority of machines today can discharge
the bowl contents while the centrifuge is running.
Purifier
Purifier Operation
The following factors are of Importance
when understanding the function of
Purifier
• Increasing the sg of the oil will tend to push the interface outlet and
cause overflow from the heavy phase outlet untill the equilibrium is
restored. Should the interface be moved so far as to breach the dam
oil will be issued from the heavy phase outlet and an alarm will
sound. The ideal position for the interface is to lie over the
distribution holes.
• Reducing the sg of the oil will tend to bring the interface towards the
axis, this reduces the force of separation on the oil mix and reduces
the efficiency of the unit possibly leading to contaminants and water
carryover with the light phase outlet
• The "gravity" disc are changeable on virtually all
purifers. Their centre bore is governed by the sg of the
oil being centrifuged. The largest bore should be used
without risking overflow.-
• The flow rate of a purifer should be set to optimise
removal of whole system impurities. The lower the oil
feed the greater the time for impurity removal and the
more efficient the purification. The higher the rate the
greater the amount of system oil is treated per unit of
time.
Choosing Gravity Disc
 Choosing Gravity Disc
• The graph shown above is one typical of one found in
a purifier instruction book for selecting appropriate
gravity disc size. Shown on the diagram is an example
of an oil of sg 0.93 at 0'C. The sg at 15'C for use with
this graph is found by projecting along a horizontal
line to 15'C. This step would be omitted if the sg at
15'C was already known. A line is then drawn parallel
to the pre-drawn sloping lines. Where the drawn
sloping line cuts the appropriate oil supply
temperature isothermal then This becomes the
selection point for the disc. This is found simply by
ascertaining which size band the point lies in.
Basic components of the centrifuge
are as follows:
• Exterior framework: The exterior frame work is normally
made up of caste iron which supports the internal bowl
and disk parts and carries water line, feed line and outlet
line connections.
• Bowl and disk: There are bowls inside the frame, which
can be a solid assembly operating non continuous and
have space enough to retain the separated sludge. There
can also be an arrangement in which the upper and lower
parts are separate for discharging the accumulated sludge
by a continuous operation. These parts are normally made
up of high tension stainless steel.
• Vertical shaft:The Vertical shaft is used to transform the
electrical motor output into rotational motion for rotating the
bowl in high speed through spur gear and horizontal shaft or
belt. material used for vertical shaft construction is an alloy of
steel.
• Horizontal shaft or belt drive:The electrical motor drives the
horizontal shaft through clutch pads and is used for
transmitting the rotational motion to bowl assembly. A special
belt having elastic character is used in some models in place of
horizontal shaft, thus removing the use of the gear assembly.
The horizontal shaft material is a special alloy of steel.
• Attached Gear pump: A general construction of centrifuge
consists of a horizontal shaft driven attached supply or
discharge gear pump. In some system an external supply pump
may be installed in place of the attached pump.
• Spur gear:A spur gear is placed between the horizontal and
vertical shafts for the transfer of rotational motion. These gears
are manufactured by special aluminum bronze material.
• Clutch or friction pads:An electric motor will get overloaded if it
is connected directly to the bowl assembly for the rotation of the
same as the complete assembly is very heavier. To avoid this,
clutch or friction pads and drum assembly are installed on the
horizontal shaft. Normally the number of pads varies from 2 to 4
depending upon the frequency supply to the motor. As the motor
starts, the pads inside the drum moves out gradually due to
centrifugal force and cause friction in the internal wall of the
drum resulting in rotation of the shaft and the bowl gradually
without overloading and damaging themotor and gears
THANK YOU!