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relevant to a particular job from a low level of abstraction to a higher one is
known as Data Generalization. It is extremely helpful and convenient for users to
(https://www.janbasktraining.com/tutorials/data- have large data sets depicted in simple terms, at varied degrees of granularity,
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and from a variety of perspectives. This saves users a great deal of time. These
kinds of data summaries are helpful because they provide a picture that
encompasses the entire set of facts.
Through the use of cube in data warehouse and Online Analytical Processing
(OLAP), one can generalize data by first summarizing it at multiple different
levels of abstraction. In this blog we will understand the techniques and
strategies used in data cube computation. You can learn more about data cube
Know your data computation in detail along with other data science and data mining concepts
with an online data science course (https://www.janbasktraining.com/data-
science).For example, a retail company may use a data cube to analyze their
Data Preprocessing sales data across different dimensions such as product categories, geographical
locations, and time periods. By doing so, they can identify which products are
Data Wareshousing selling the most in specific regions or during certain times of the year. This
information can then be used to make more informed decisions about inventory
Data Cube technology management and marketing strategies.
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Understanding Multi Dimensional The term "base cell" refers to a cell in the base cuboid. Aggregate cells are cells
Analysis In Cube Space that are not based on a cube. Each dimension that is aggregated in an
(https://www.janbasktraining.com/tutorials/m aggregate cell is represented by a "" in the cell notation. Let's pretend we're
dimensional-analysis) working with an n-dimensional data cube. Let each cell of the cuboids that make
up the data cube be denoted by a = (a1, a2,..., an, measurements). If there are
m (m n) values of a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, I j, k, l, m, n, and o that are not "," then we
Introduction To Data Cube Computation
say that an is an m-dimensional cell (that is, from an m- A is a base cell if and
And It’s Types
only if m = n; otherwise, it is an aggregate cell (where m n).
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is-data-cube) On occasion, it is desirable to precompute the whole cube to ensure rapid on-
line analytical processing (i.e., all the cells of all of the cuboids for a given data
What Is Data Cube Computation In Data cube). The complexity of this task, however, grows exponentially with the
Mining? number of dimensions. In other words, there are 2n cuboids inside an n-
(https://www.janbasktraining.com/tutorials/da dimensional data cube. When we include in the concept hierarchies for each
cube-computation-methods) dimension, the number of cuboids grows much larger. 1Additionally, the size of
each cuboid is determined by the cardinality of its dimensions. Therefore, it is
not uncommon for precomputation of the whole cube to necessitate vast and
Mining Frequent Patterns frequently excessive quantities of memory. Still, algorithms that can calculate a
whole cube are crucial. Secondary storage can be used to keep individual
cuboids out of the way, until they're needed. Alternatively, we can use these
techniques to compute cubes with fewer dimensions, or dimensions with
narrower ranges of values. For some range of dimensions and/or dimension
values, the smaller cube is a complete cube.We can create effective methods
for computing partial cubes if we have a firm grasp on how whole cubes are
computed. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate scalable approaches for fully
materializing a data cube, i.e., calculating all of the cuboids that comprise it.
These techniques need to think about the time and main memory constraints
associated with cuboid calculation, as well as the total size of the data cube that
will be computed.
Data analysts may find that many cube cells contain information that is of little
use to them. You may recall that a complete cube's cells all contain summative
values. Numbers, totals, and monetary sales figures are popular units of
measurement.
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a Certified measure value for many cuboid cells is zero. We say that a
cuboid is sparse when the number of non-zero-valued tuples stored in it is small
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compared to the product of the cardinalities of the dimensions stored in it. One
defines a cube as
YOUR-CALL-NOW/ABC) sparse if it is made up of several sparse cuboids.A huge
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number of cells with extremely small measure values can take up a lot of room
in the cube. This is due to the fact that cube cells in an n-dimensional space are
typically relatively spread out. In a store, a consumer might only buy a few
goods at a time. It's likely that this kind of thing would only produce a handful of
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full cube cells. When this occurs, it can be helpful to only materialize the cuboid
cells (group-by) whose measure value is greater than a predetermined
(https://www.janbasktraining.com/tutorials/data- threshold. Say we have a data cube for sales, and we only care about the cells
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where the count is greater than 10 (i.e., when at least 10 tuples exist for the
cell's given combination of dimensions), or the cells where the sales amount is
greater than $100.
Understanding Multi Dimensional A naïve technique to computing an iceberg cube would be to first calculate the
Analysis In Cube Space full \scube and then prune the cells that do not satisfy the iceberg requirement.
(https://www.janbasktraining.com/tutorials/m However, this is still unreasonably expensive. To save time, it is possible to
dimensional-analysis) compute simply the iceberg cube directly instead of the whole cube. The
introduction of iceberg cubes simplifies the computation of inconsequential
Introduction To Data Cube Computation aggregate cells in a data cube. Nonetheless, it is possible that we will have a
And It’s Types significant number of boring cells to process.
(https://www.janbasktraining.com/tutorials/w The idea of closed coverage needs to be introduced if we are to compress a
is-data-cube) data cube in a systematic manner. If there is no cell d such that d is a
specialization (descendant) of c (obtained by substituting a in c with a non-
What Is Data Cube Computation In Data value) and d has the same measure value as c, then c is said to be closed. All of
Mining? the cells in a data cube are considered closed in a closed cube. For the data set
(https://www.janbasktraining.com/tutorials/da [(a1, a2, a3,..., a100): 10], the three cells [(b1, b2, b3,..., b100): 10][[a1, b2,
cube-computation-methods) b3,..., b100]] are the three closed cells of the data cube. They make up the
lattice of a closed cube, from the equivalent closed cells in this lattice, other non-
closed cells can be constructed. It is possible to infer "(a1, a2, b3,...): 10" from "
Mining Frequent Patterns
(a1, a2, b3,...): 10" because "(a1, a2, b3,...): 10" is a generalized non-closed cell
of "(a1, a2, b3,...): 10".As another method of partial materialization,
precomputing only the cuboids involving a small number of dimensions, say, 3 to
5, is feasible. When placed together, these cuboids create a cube shell around
the associated data cube. Any more dimension-combination queries will require
on-the-fly computation. In an n-dimensional data cube, for instance, we could
compute all cuboids of dimension 3 or smaller, yielding a cube shell of
dimension 3.
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Three closed cells forming the lattice of a closed cube (Image Source: Data
Mining: Concepts and Techniques - Han and Kamber) However, when n is large,
this can still lead to a very large number of cuboids to compute. Alternatively, we
Know your data can select subsets of cuboids of interest and precompute only those subshells.
Such shell fragments and a method for computing them are discussed in.
Data Preprocessing 2) Roll-up/Drill-down- This method involves aggregating data along one or
more dimensions to create a summary of the dataset. It can be used to drill-
Data Wareshousing down into specific areas of interest within the data. Roll-up/Drill-down is useful
for quickly summarizing large datasets into manageable chunks while still
maintaining important information about each dimension. For example, if you
Data Cube technology have sales data for multiple products across several regions, you could use roll-
up/drill-down to see total sales across all regions or drill-down into sales
Understanding Multi Dimensional numbers for one particular product in one region.
Analysis In Cube Space
(https://www.janbasktraining.com/tutorials/m 3) Slice-and-Dice - This method involves selecting subsets of data based on
dimensional-analysis) certain criteria and then analyzing it using different dimensions. It is useful for
identifying patterns that may not be immediately apparent when looking at the
entire dataset.Slice-and-Dice allows users to select subsets of data based on
Introduction To Data Cube Computation
specific criteria such as time period or customer demographics which can then
And It’s Types
be analyzed using different dimensions like product categories or geographic
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locations. This helps identify patterns that may not be immediately apparent
is-data-cube) when looking at the entire dataset.
What Is Data Cube Computation In Data 4) Grouping Sets - This method involves grouping data by multiple dimensions
Mining? at once, allowing for more complex analysis of the dataset.Grouping Sets are
(https://www.janbasktraining.com/tutorials/da useful when analyzing large datasets with multiple dimensions where users want
cube-computation-methods) to group by two or more dimensions at once. For example, grouping sets could
show total revenue broken down by both product category and region
simultaneously.
Mining Frequent Patterns
5) Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) - This method uses a
multidimensional database to store and analyze large amounts of data. It allows
for quick querying and analysis of the data in different ways.OLAP databases
are specifically designed for analyzing large amounts of multi-dimensional data
quickly through pre-aggregated values stored in memory making it ideal for real-
time decision-making scenarios like stock market analysis.
6) SQL Queries - SQL queries can be used to compute data cubes by selecting
specific columns and aggregating them based on certain criteria. This is a
flexible method that can be customized based on the needs of the user.SQL
queries provide flexibility regarding how much control users have over what they
want from their cube as well as customization options such as adding additional
calculations or filtering data based on specific criteria. SQL queries are ideal
when users have a good understanding of the underlying dataset and want to
customize their analysis in real-time.
Materialized Views are useful when dealing with small datasets or when
computing time isn't an issue. However, as datasets become larger and more
complex, materializing views becomes less feasible due to storage limitations
and computation time.
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Data Preprocessing
Data Wareshousing
The online master data science course comes with various career scope. These
include pursuing the career as a Data Scientist, Data Analyst, Risk Analyst, or as
a Senior Data Analyst. The Data science training online also allows you tot ake
the session from the comfort of your home.
The data cube in data mining is also termed as a business intelligence cube. To
answer the question of what is data cube in data mining, we need to define it
first. It is a data structure used for rapid and proper analysis. It allows
consolidating and collecting correct data into the cube and then drilling, cutting
and pivoting the dat to visualize it from various angles. Hence this is the data
cube definition.
4. Explain What is Data Cube in Data Warehouse?
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