PROGRESS TEST 10 Tle [6.6] Name: fuking, fi) I. LISTENING (50 pts) : Part 1: For questions 1-5, listen to the discussion on a radio talk show between a professor, Max Mantle, a representative of students, Pauline O'Boyle, and their host with regard to a recent increase in university ‘See. Choose the correct answer and write A, B, Cor D for each answer in the corresponding boxes provided. 1. How does Pauline O"Boyle feel about the official announcement on university fees? ‘A. She's relieved that they are finally growing up. { is surprised that the announcement was not made months ago. he is pleased that the news was not as bad as some had predicted. it was pretty much along the lines of what she had expected, ia does Max Mantle think the public is not aware of? Si considerable amount of government funding universities receive he iow much universities rely on students fee the lack of grant aid offered to third- level students D. the extent to which the U.K. education system is mocked in Europe Is 2X What does Pauline O’Boyle say about student grants? only grammar- and- private- school students may apply for them pPlicants from grammar and private schools are given preference Wery few state- school manage to qualify for them grey should be made grade- dependent soas tobe fairer Pauline believes that universities should do more to look after the interests of their professors. (Bpffer terms of employment that are counterproductive, £5 should ask the government for more hand- outs. will only become more efficiently run if salaries and conditions improve. Vat is the last point made by Max Mantle? ‘A. lecturers’ salaries and terms of employment have been reviewed B. legtdrers need to review their salaries and terms of employment carefully ‘ducing lecturers" pay by one or two thousand pounds will help to solve the problem the existence of overpaid lecturers is not a significant part of the problem Part 2: For questions 6- 10, listen to a report on the relationship between sleep and weight and decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F). Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (6. People who are awal jave more time to burn ener s: 7, Loss of sleep may dé ly for high- caloric foods, 2 4le 8. Researchers found that the best amount of sleep for weight control is 7.7 hours a night _|\ 9 People who slept just four hours.a night for two nights had an 80% reduction in lepis = 10. Researchers found that people who got ess than four hours ofslaspa night were.23% | >" more likely to be overweight Part 3: For questions 16— 25, listen to a piece of news from BBC about a new form of payment and fll in the missing information, Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer in the corresponding boxes provided. Everyone in the coffee queue uses (11) ‘cards because it iS quick and they don’t enter a pin number. There are different kinds of money today, but for people who are (12) they keep digging around in pockets for change. These are regular bankeards but with a built-in chip and (13) . The card reader sends out a radio frequency and when people bring the card close to the reader, the antenna picks up the signal to make the payment. Some are Worried that personal data is flying around in the (14) for anyone to steal. In fact, at less than half a second is spent per transaction, there is no time for anyone to steal our cash. Atter people have used the card a few times in a row, they have to enter their pin. And if thief does go on a (15) with the card, our bank covers us against fraud. And if getting our bankcard out seems like too much trouble there is now a solution with (16) = that is clothing and accessories that include computer and electronic technologies. According to technology experts, we can simply take any wireless card and the chip from it that our bank might issue and we can put itinto the coat and then when we want to make a payment , just simply wave our arm in front of the (17) _ and leave with our late This is intended for people who are incredibly lazy. People are going to be making more purchases more me ~ particularly for (18) = The chi has to get very close to the card reader to make Scanned with CamScanner& payment so that 1s not likely to happen. Now companies are creating new (19) __ wi combines payment and security technology. For those times when not even carrying a phone iy ‘convenient, the fingo -pay system reads the unique maps of veins under the surface of your finger. The trick is remembering which finger you registered with. Someday soon we won't have (o carry a wallet ‘ora purse or anything. The veins in our finger will (20) payments — and prove the payments are ours. : B. LEXICO AND GRAMMAR (0 pts) Part I: For questions 1-10, choose the word or phrase that best completes each of the following sentences. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. 1 Ove halo he populating af this wake-stricken@rca are living to koa A. on the house B. one aunts ‘on the on the breadline 7? 7} D. on the cards x 2. Atthe scene of the disaster t oe Prince said some édnforting words to the <""_ relatives. A. lamenting B. wailing C. complaining alin 3. Tania was__ w accident and had to spend several weeks in bed. Ruin whan A. injured incapacitated :*8eh-4 46, convalescent D. hampered He will be sued for ‘of contract if he does not do what he promised. facture B. crack C. rupture each leap dy been in pain with toothache all weekend and was desperate to find a dentist. € PMamn ‘Sp COug A. agonizing B. shooting C) exeruciatin ace D. maddening, 6. The project has progressed in and starts eo ig in funding. Sho A.wits B.bi a its “that {Rang Da sits contra} will be and void until sighéd'sd died by both patties. a ed nullified — C.nought ni Silly draliment we had has driven a between us and we'vedgst/all our old closeness. A ledge B. beam C. plank )wedge : ee deat ‘word for word C. up and down D. in and out ‘ari 2: Match a ver¥“in column A with its particle on B and fill in the blanks appropriately. Some rticles/prepositions can be used more than ONCE. Pay attention to the form of the verbs. A B hold ‘ke write pull put, | across off back through up in round tot bring sail... book __brin 1. We were finally able to .. Z Wels. the patient who'd been knocked out. ule ....aeetting.. Jared has a bit of social anxiety, so : “ himself... LCOS. round other peopel doesnt loon. 00 Expresilig hatel® {0 We may have to ‘you ... ieee don't pass th test. fir bor 4. The World Bank is being urged «debi foe fg ing countries.» Xo Ug wec.ted rh Xi sure 1 was invited to join the committee as th ‘woman, cael. 7ieme B)token Dy ive D. coupon 2 eluiy F ae vier shed t0 give a deseriptién of the accident that he had witnessed. 5: They ned wo neu eon A te really r 6. The government vy fe it cowl tke gay land itwanted. 7. Tey si the opto ui ect apected his wife 10g Wit Qu. over Khe quickly , z bill and edd an acu Fi (eng Mee 9You wy at to just without doi ‘ei Gu (eng cay on aca bi jadn't had time . ee okt: dén va ba art 3: For these questions, write the coret form of each bdckted ti consign bases, 4 Crutuuner cong) ky ‘THE ROLE OF EDUCATION ah Baas WORLD Levels of illiteracy and (1. NUMBER) ___remain startlingly high in the developing world, and continue Uy, tobe 0 unl the West provides or Sponsors new education intatives pp skins sicty involved. A better education is a prerequisite should the (2. POVERTY) ever wish to hold any genuine hope of gaining their (3. EMANCIPATE)ERURS ‘shackles of poverty. Education initiatives for young people as well as life-long learning programmes will algp help to breach the gulf that separates the working classes from their ruling elite, a (4. PRIVILEGE))'\ few Who enjoy the ( 5. TRAP)’ WOGF Western wealth and the lifestyle that goes with it, while those in their midst are completely preoccupied with the daily struggle for survival. Furthermore, we must promote a culture of (6. TOLERATE), of corruption, and help to create a new generation for whom education rather than l nee Scanned with CamScannerol a(n) (7. SCRUPLE} “eter fuplous V4 ) "nature will reap the true rewards. Education will al to bridge another gay donate etenl cabal P ards. Education will also help to bridge a ich separates the West from its brethren in the developing world, The slums shanty towns are a hotbed of religious and political ( 8. EXTREM Ree un educati serve to create a better sense of understanding between all the peoples of the world, 9. RESPECT) of background. And this will especially be the case ifthe education programmes themselves are admit by Western professionals, who, in much the same way as they can teach a thing or two to their counterparts in the developing world, have also, no doubt, much to learn from them in the process as well. Cooperation between people from different cultures of the West and the developing world will also, hopefully, help to reduce levels of prejudice, bigotry, xenophobia and racial tensions. And, last but not by any means least, educating women will (10. POWER) Plt Wihem to claim their rightful place in the social hierarchy in up- to-now male-dominated cultures. Their aspirations can shift realistically higher, and young female students can hope to go on to become tomorrow's politicians, diplomats and political leaders, or whatsoever they choose. Part 4: Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions. 1. The augmaltSfi6Ath the population has created a fuel shortage. crease — B. necessity C. demand D. decrease “We had taken his sage advice, we wouldn't be ‘much trouble now. 3/3 A.willing B. sturdy se D. eager 3. We have lived there for years and grown fond of the surroundings. That is why we do not want to leave. . plénted many trees in the surroundings _B. haunted by the surroundings loved the surroundings D. possessed by the surroundings Part 5: Mark thé letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions. 1. These days, many people only read printed newspapers once in a while as they tend to access information . 7 \Frem bimes fo Routt regularly B. attentively C. occasionally D. selectively J). 2, With price increases on most necessities, many people have to tighten their belt for fear of getting into / 3 financial difficulties. qa Tung bud byg A. dress in loose clothes ‘spend money freely C. save on daily expenses . put on tighter belts, 3. Today the number of start= etnam is mounting as the government has created favourable conditions for them to develop their business. A. peaking, B. varying decreasing, D. rising Part 6: Fill in the gaps with a missing word. For each Set, think of one word ONLY which can be used appropriately in all three sentences T Place don’ there's no problem, honestly. deing vi fai: ingen On Qi ather, today's picnic has been cancelled. cath rd vor "Can you for your whereabouts last Saturday?", asked the detective. By her own, . Sheila hates cooking anc ming - but who doesn't?» y ‘The (of children to the cinema after 9 is strictly forbidden.: tho plaptre ton NASA has had to increase (1d eux¢ cout prices to its exhibition. = outside ‘government circles, only the queen herself is privy to the wilaf fC Frate. 3/. 5 itis only paral that most people want ohave their WAL in order before they dic. orth car can Bevery pinol sometimes. 4,The charity is in of the poor, so wouldn't you like to contribute?-((Lel} ‘The passerby tried to and assist the ambulance crew by moving the rubble. Sir Gallant came to thi of the distressed damsel. 5. The radio program will be on tonight at about 7 PM. Public debates are a good place to ‘one's views, don't you think? I've put the washing out t0 but Fim worried it's going to rain! PART III: READING (60 pts. Part 1: For questions 1-10, read the passage and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each gap. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. SPORT AND FITNESS Scanned with CamScanner‘The British are very fond of sport, but many people prefer to watch (1) _ take part. Many g0 10 wat football, cricket, ete. at the ground, but many more sit at home and watch sport on television. Most people today take relatively (2)____. Over the last 30 or 40 years lifestyles have changed considerably and many people now travel even the shortest distances by car or bus. (3)___exereise combined with eating too many (4) _and sugaty foods has meant that many people are becoming too fat. In recent years, however, there hras been a (5) interest in fitness among young adults and many belong to a sports club oF gym. In Britain most towns have a/a (6) football and cricket team, and people also have opportunities to play sports such as tennis and golf. Older people may play bowls. Some people go regularly to a sports center or leisure center. Some sports centers 70) ___classes in aerobics, step and keep-fit. Some people (8) regularly ata focal gym and do weight training and circuit training. Others go running or jogging in their Tocal area. For enthusiastic runners there are opportunities to take part in (9) runs, such as the London ‘marathon. Other people keep themselves fit by walking or cycling. Many people go abroad on a skiing holiday teach year. Membership of a sports club or gym can be expensive and not everyone can afford the subscription. Local sports centers are generally cheaper. Some companies now provide sports facilities (10) their employees or contribute to the cost of joining a gym. ay B.except for C. than rather than. (AHittle general exercise B.a few general exercises “a litle general exercise D. few general exergi 3.A. The lack of we ees CTehiask of 7 6 “A. fat rich iat D.richly 5. planting B. developing ecoming, wing ye Diroteetona Cecompetent C.D, ‘amateur XLA. prow C. pass range BY work out. full in D. find out ‘A. distance away C.shortdistance —D. full distance 10. A.to C.with D. about Part 2: For questions 11-20, reathe tes helow and think ofthe word which best fits each space. Use oly.) one word n each space. Writ our anne comespending numbered bors A) Tis not diffictt © (L)) AMOULUAAtftknowm anima. Spend day inthe topical frets of South America, turning over logs, look ng beneath bar, sitting through the moist liter of leaves, follpy her evening shining a mercury lamp on a white sereen, and one way and another you will (12) If of different kings of s. Moths, caterpillars, spiders, long-nosed bugs, luminous beetles, harmless butterties (a) aa supra ibe ants, sks that valk, aves that open wings and fy —he variety will be (14)enormot| 1 tHebe!e atures will almost certainly be undescribed by science. The difficulty will be to find (15) vita, now enough about the groups concemed to be able to single out a rt the new one. let rts ‘No-one can say (16) owt animals there ae in these greenhouse-humid dimly Titjungles. They contain the (17) st varied assemblage of animal and plant life to be found anywhere on earth, Not only are there many categorie tures =, monkeys, spiders, hummingbirds, butterflies, but most of those tyres) Be ARLES fre are over forty different species of parrot, over seventy different monkeys, Si ite hummingbirds and tens of thousands of butterflies. If you are not careful, you can even be (20) yy a hundred different kinds of ‘mosquito, there Part 3: For questions 21- 30, read the passage and choose the best answer A, B, C or D for each question, Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make in \portant decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual deci 1s made people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar Line S “They are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will Yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected Line 10 by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration oF ‘consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative withthe highest number of points emerges asthe best decision. Scanned with CamScannerso 15 are c Most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to se from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a Pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more__ variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, “people CarrReep about seven ideas tn their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially | useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. Line 20 A realistic example for many college students is the question "What will I do afer - > graduation?" A graduate might seck a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year. A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow if. It portant to be clear about the distinction between long-range Line 25 and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision from short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?" 21. Whafdoes the passage mainly discuss? ‘A tool to assist in making complex decisions A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions. C. Research on how people make decisions. D. Differences between long-range and short-range decision making. 22, The word “essential” inline 8 is closest in meaning to. A. introductory B. changeable C. beneficial {fundamental 4, Of the following steps, which occurs before the gphers in making a decision worksheet? 0 zulating a numerical summary of,each solution. lutions. A. Listing the consequences of each solution C. Deciding which ‘ing down all 24. Acconiling to decision: is defined as one that isthe fewest variables to consider. _B. uses the most decision worksheets. ‘asthe most points assigned to it, _D. is agreed to by the greatest number of people. 4uthor organizes paragraph 2 by__. describing a process B. classifying types of worksheet providing historical background 26. The author states that "On the average, people/an keep about seven ideas in their minds at once” (paragraph 3) to explain that__. ‘A. most decisions involve seven steps juan mental capacity has limitations C. some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisions D. people can learn to keep more than Seven ideas in their minds with practios 27. The word "succinct" in line 26 is closest in meaning to ‘ concise 25. A. creative B. satisfactory C. personal is defined in the passage? Optimal (para.1) .C. Variables (para.3\\Q) Long-range goals (para.4) Which of the following ter A. Proponents (para.1 29. The word "it” in line 27 Felgrs4o A. worksheet oblem C. distinction D. decision word "revise" in livé $0 is closest in meaning to k B. explain er D. predict Part4:-For questions 31- 36, choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below. Write the correct number, i-ix, in boxes 31- 36 in the corresponding numbered space. List of Headings The difficulties of talking about smell; The role of smell in personal relationships (Gi)._Future studies jnto smell iv. The relationship between the brain and the nose ). The interpretation of smells as.a factor in defining groups Why our sense of smell is not appreciate vii. Smell is our superior sense The relationship between smell and feelings. Scanned with CamScanneros St Pornareph A 32. paragraph DI 33. paragraph ogo G 34, Paragraph E 35. Paragraph C Me 36. Paragraph F /; b THE MEANING AND POWER OF SMELL The sense of smell, or olfaction, is powerful, Odours affect us on a physical, psychological and social level. For the most part, however, we breathe in the aromas which surround us without being consciously aware of theie importance to us. It is only when the faculty of smell is impaired for some reason that we begin to realise essential role the sense of smell plays in our sense of well-being. ‘A survey conducted by Anthony Synott at Montreal's Concordia University asked participants to comment ‘on how important sill was to them in their lives. It became apparent that smell ean evoke strong emotional response. A scent associated with a good experience can bring a rush of joy, while a foul odour or one associated with a bad memory may make us grimace with disgust. Respondents to the survey noted that many Of their olfactory likes and dislikes were based on emotional associations. Such associations can be powerful enough so that odours that we would generally label unpleasant become agreeable for particular individuals, The perception of smell, therefore, consist not only of the odours themselves, but of the experiences and associated with them. Socios are also esemiat cues in social bonding. One respondent tothe survey believed that there i no true emotional bonding without touching and smelling a loved one. In fact, infants recognise the odours of mothers soon after birth and adults con often indemtify their children or spouses by scent. In one well known test, women and men were able to distinguish by smell alone clothing worn by their marriage partners from similar clothing wom by other people. Most of the subjects would probably never have given much thought to odour as a cue for indentifying family members before being involved in the test, but as the eriment revealed, even when not consciously considered, smells register. In spite ofits importance to our emotional and sensory lives, smell is probably the most undervalued sense thrmany cultures. The reason often given for the low regard in which smell is held is that, incomparison with its importance among animals, the human sense of smell is feeble and undeveloped. While it is true that the olfactory powers of humans are nothing like as fine as those possessed by certain animals, they are still remarkably acute. Our noses are able to recognise thousands of smells, and to perceive odours which are sent only in extremely small quantities. }Smell, however, isa highly elusive phenomenon. Odours, unlike colours, for instance, cannot be named in any languages because the specific vocabulary simply doesn’t exist. It smells like ....’ we have to say when describing an odour, struggling to express our olfactory experience. Nor ean odours be recorded: there is no effective way to either capture or store them over time. In the realm of olfaction, we must make do with escriptions and recollections. This has implications for olfactory research, Most of the research on smell undertaken to date has been of a physical scientific nature. advances have been made in the understanding of the biological and chemical nature of olfaction, but many fundamental questions have yet to be answered. Researchers have still o decide whether smell is one sense or two — one responding to odours, and how smells can be measured objectively given the non- physical components. Questions like these mean that interest in the psychology of smell is inevitably set to play an increasingly important role for researchers. F. However, smell is not simply a biological and psychology phenomenon, Smell is cultural, hence it is a social and historical phenomenon, Odours are invested with cultural values: smells that are considered to be offensive in some cultures may be perfectly acceptable in others. Therefore, our sense of smells is a means of, and model for, interacting with the world. Different smells can provide us with intimate and emotionally charged experience and the value that we attach to these experiences is interiorized by the members of society ina deeply personal way. Importantly, our commonly held feelings about smells can help distinguish us from other cultures. The study of the cultural history of smell i, therefore, ina very real sense, an investigation into the essence of human culture. For questions 37-39, choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. 37. According tothe introduction, we become aware of the importance ofsmell when /e discover a new smell B. we experience a powerful smell / od ility to smell is damaged D. we are surrounded by odours. e experiment described in paragraph B hows how we make use of smell without realizing it) demonstrates that family member have is learnt < proves that a sense of smell is learnt D. Ren the sense of smell in males and females. 39, What does the writer suggest about the study of smell in the atmosphere in paragraph E? ‘A. The measurement of smell is becoming more accurate. B. Researchers believe smell isa purely physical reaction Scanned with CamScannerWy ® t smells are inoffensive. AD )smelt is yet o be detined. or questions 40- 43, complete the sentence below. Choose ONE WORD ONLY FROM the passage for the each answer. Write your answers in the correspondi s sponding numbered baxes 40. Tests have shown that odours can help people recognize the’ Gebel icmastands and wives. 41. Certain lingyis i groups may have difficulty have difficulty describing smell because they lack the appropriate WQWuON Shines ly 42. The sense of smell nay involve response to ‘which do not smell, in addition to obvious odours. Rept Hates unpleasant in others 43. Odours regarded as unpleasant in certain Part 5: For questions 44-53, you will read an article about various birds in Britain and choose from the birds (A-D). The birds may be chosen more than once. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes, Of which birds are the following stated? ‘On a number of occasions, fears conceming it have been expressed. aie y Tts population growth is a reflection of how tough itis 45.16] Itis known for following a routine 46 . / [Its situation was improved by an initiative that has been referred to as unique a 40 ‘There is statistical evidence to support the view that itis a very popular bird aay It can easily identified by its outline [a9 el ‘A common perception of its has proved inaccurate 0 ‘Growth in its number has been much more gradual than desired Gey There is reason to believe that its progress in a particular region willbe maintained _|[39 {07 Measures taken in the running ofa cersin type oF countryside have assisted inthe _|[33 a] [growth of it population WINGED WINNERS AND LOSERS Birds in Britain come under scrutiny in a massive new study, Birds Britannica. A record of the avian the 2st century, it reveals a continually evolving pattern. Mark Cocker, the principal author of ‘community the tome, selects some cases. A. Red Kite The red kite's recent rise from a mere handful to several thousands is among the great stories of modem conservation, Testimony to its flagship status is a recent Royal Society for the Protection of Birds poll which ranked it with the golden eagle and song thrush in the nation’s list of favourite birds, ‘The dramatic spread has hinged on a reintroduction scheme at six sites in England and Scotland using kites originally taken from Spain and Sweden. The English releases began in the Chilterns in 1989 and when these had achieved a healthy population, subsequent introductions were made in Northamptonshire and Yorkshire using mainly English birds. The Scottish releases in the 1980s and 1990s have resulted in populations totalling ‘more than $0 pairs. Altogether there are now about 3,000 kites in Britain. ‘The formation of a "Kite committee" by members of the British Ornithologists Club the bird's recovery. It endured for 90 years and has been described as being "without parallel in the annals of in 1903 was central to bird protection anywhere in the world". B. Dartford Warbler This highly-attractive bird is confined to just five Westem European countries as well as the north African littoral, and has the smallest world range of any of our breeding birds. Itis also a highly sedentary bird and a “major cause of decline is its great susceptibility to the cold, The worst case occurred in the two successive hard winters of 1961 and 1962 when the numbers fell rom 450 pairs to just 10. Memories of this calamitous decrease, coupled with the bird's own tiny size and seeming delicacy, have cemented our sense of an overarching vulnerability. It is one of the best British examples where a species! local rarity has been assumed to equal almost constitutional weakness. Typical of our pessimism was a 1960s prediction that its breeding range would be virtually restricted to the New Forest "in the foreseeable future”, There was a similar anxiety in the proposal to trap lange numbers ahead of severe winter weather so that they could be safely released the following spring. r All the caution is perfectly understandable as an expression of our protective instincts towards a muchloved bird. Yer it sits oddly with the warbler’s continuing rise and expansion to a population of 1,925 pairs by the Scanned with CamScanner= \ year 2000. It has undoubtedly been helped by mild winters as well asthe intensive management and protection of England's lowland heath. Yet the Dartford Warbler’s recent history illustrates how easy it is to ‘underestimate the resilience of a small rare bird, C. White-tailed Eagle It is difficult to judge which is the more exciting conservation achievement - the reintroduction of this, ‘magnificent bird or of red kites, By wingspan and weight, this the largest eagle in Europe and one of the biggest of all birds in Britain. However, if the species itself is on a grand scale, the size of the reintroduced Population is tiny and the pace of increase agonizingly slow. Almost 30 years after the species was first released, there are just 23 pairs holding territory, and from 17 occupied eyries in 2001, no more than 11 young, fledged. The project involved a remarkable team effort by various UK environmental groups, as well as the Norwegian conservationists who organized the capture of the donated birds. Between 1975 and 1985, they released 82 eagles (39 males and 43 females) from a special holding area on the Inner Herbridean island of Rhum. Eight were later recovered dead, but in 1983 came the first breeding attempt. Two years later, a pair of white-tailed eagles produced the first British-born chick in 69 years and every subsequent breeding season has seen a small incremental improvement. There is now an established breeding nucleus spread between the islands of Skye and Mull as well as the adjacent mainland, and their recent history suggests that the white-tailed eagle's increase will continue throughout north-west Scotland. D. Spotted Flycatcher Even the greatest fans of this lovely bird, with its mouse-grey upper parts and whitish breast and belly, would have to admit that it is rather drab. They have no more than a thin, squeaky, small song. However, spotted flys compensate with enormous character. ‘The birds are instantly recognizable because of their large-headed, top-heavy shape that is distinctive even i silhouette, and by the habit of returning to the same perch after their agile, twisting, aerial sallies for insects, ‘They are adept at catching large species such as day-flying moths, butterflies, bees and wasps, whose stings they remove by thrashing the victim against the perch. Their specialized diet means that they are among the latest spring migrants to return and are now in serious decline because of half a century of pesticide use. In the past 25 years, their numbers have declined by almost 80 per cent, but they are still sufficiently numerous, (155,000 pairs) to be familiar and are often birds of large gardens, churchyards or around farm buildings. D. WRITING (60 pts) Part 1. Rewrite each sentence using the word in brackets so that the meaning stays the same, You must use between THREE and EIGHT words, incly ling the word given, story for students. (under) nal evening lectures. of race and sex. (regardless) race and sex. an k Some people will 5. He didn’t mentic inal ne dy mud HO ad, waar roredeor a) 2b Is Ip acl x You're ACE mr laf foc mt_pinichn) thera aun Las prackeal® 2° re enp—— As youare. Scanned with CamScanner