Migration of Magyar tribes

Magna Hungaria
Levedia (Dual principality- took from the Khazar Empire) (Gyula and Kent)
Etelköz (Blood Treaty, allience of 7 tribes)

Magyar Conquest 895

Through Verecke Pass
Advantages of CB
 Mountains gave advantage of natural defence
 Huge arable lands
 Big rivers
Magyars
 Nomadic lifestyle
 Raids in Western EU, Italy - ploundering, stealing anything
 Pagans
 End of raids 955 Augsburg
Foundation of Feudal Hungarian Kingdom
 Prince Géza
o Established first monastery, Pannonhalma, Benedictine
o Promoted Christianity
o He forbad pagan traditions
o Agreement with the HRE
o He invited benedictines, and missionaries
o Use of Latin introduced
o Vajk baptized, got the name Stephen
 Stephen I,
o He introduced royal counties, bailiff is the leader of a county
o Tasks of the bailiff
 To collect taxes (got 1/3 of money)
 Military power
 Judicial power
o He forced Hungarians into Christianity,
o 2 Archbishoprics (Kalocsa, Esztergom) , 8 bishoprics
o Tithe introduced, churches had to be built in every 10th village

 Society
o Nobility=castle servants+servientes= nobility
o Privileges of nobility, Golden Bull 1222,
 Tax exemption
 Free to bequeath land
 No arbitrary arrest
 Obliged to defend the country, not to attack others
 Right of Resistance, if king violates Golden Bull
 Tartar Invasion
o Battle of Muhi 1241
o Tartars left Hungary 1242, (Mongols)
o 15% of Hungarians died or taken with tartars
o Huge destruction and loss of population
o King Béla IV built stone castles all around the country
o Invited different nationalities to repopulate Hungary
o "Second founder of state"