PROVERTIES OF MATERIALS OBJECTIVE To become acquainted with the important physical properties of materia! DISCUSSION Classification of Properties Jost of the Engireering Materials have a great number of properties. Most of 1 Properties wit fall Into one of the major classes listed below. Several exormple each class froperties are included, but the lists are not complete PHYSICAL - dimensions, density, porosity MECHANICAL - strength, stifness, hardness CHEMICAL ; corrosion resistance, acid ty or alkalinity THERMAL -‘conductivty, specific heal, expansion 2 ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC -conduativty, magnetic permeability, dlelect! strergih ACOUSTICAL - sound transmission, sound reflection OPTICAL - color, light transmission, light reflection ani Pro a aerial testing can include the determination of all these, FP However, most of ine testing work done in comnion materials testing labveret Concerned with mechanical properties. The orimary features required oF Uo) engitcenrg materials are related to their performance under load. Mectere? fropertics of materizis are those that have to éo with behaviour under applied (oree™ Mechanical properties are oxpressed in terms of quantiles that are funct stress or strain of bo Swenatn = th general sense, strength refers to the assistance to failure of a stuctyre. & single piece of material, or a small part of it. Failure may be judge by Taare deformation or by actual breaking of tho part. Strength can refer 10 any of S? 'ypes of apptied loads. Tensile Strength - as a cable or chain Compression strengin - as a column Shear strength - as of a rivet or hinge pin Flexural strength - as of a Leam supporting a floor |unpact Strength - any parts subject to shock loads ies 15 most Silwess has 10 do vith the amount of deformation or dofiection that occurs under iead asticty rofers to the ability of a material to deform under load without permanent sel when load is released. A spring demonstrates this property. Blasticity is the ability of a material to be permanently deformed without breaking or ‘racking, The melat in a cooking pan, or other deep drawn exhibits good plasticty. Ductity 1s a diferent term for the property of plasticity but is applied 10 tensile elongation characteristics. A ductile specimen wil sireich or elcngate considerably blore breaking. A “bile” materHardness, "She resistance te indentation or abrasion of the surface materia An understandin utslaning ofthe above properties is fully dependen 4 posse 8" “skess" “detonation” and vain, dering these ProPeM ible only by Use of these terme, 9 understanding 1 on understanding Load is the force Wen in Newton | The load cou re usually applied to a specimen, structure or machine part Loare . aan 60 (Kn) of weight of force. A column could have a load 5000 Ney Id either a direct weight, or a force applied by testing tress is measured IN ‘Stress is the intensity of the internal forces that resist the load. Stress is me ‘orce per unit area, commonly Newton fer square meter oF Pascal me ex Qeformation js the change In shape ofa body, which result rom some external I may be temporary or “elastic” deformation, or it may be “plastic” oF P detomation, 7 < ‘Strain is the change per unit length of a body subject to stress. ternal force vanent QUESTION: (You may use extra paper for your answer). f chanical and physical 1. Describe the important difference between mechanical 2! properties. oo * a 2. What physical properties are important for a hammer face? [Sap ee ae 3. What are the two forms of deformation? vg Ae le Oe SD EE “Gee Sle eee cm ee a aE e eee 1 4. What common machine element is intended to be used while elastically deformed? See = ae 5. The manufacture of many parts depends on plastic or permanent deformation of the material. Name at least five. 6. Name several parts or items to which hardness is an important property.