BSED ENG 21 – CAMPUS JOURNALISM

MWF (6:30-7:30 PM)

GROUP 1
1. Agustin, Nica Jane S.
2. Candido, Jica S.
3. Depalas, Lizly C.
4. Gantalao, Rochelle C.
5. Llenos, Almera A.
6. Macay, Marjorie B.
7. Olpos, Sheineca A.
8. Romero, Antonette G.
9. Tabanao, Melody Ann S.
10. Villamor, Sheralyn M.

WHAT IS CAMPUS JOURNALISM?

- Campus journalism is not only an activity by an educational institution in collecting, writing,
and editing news stories about the school for newspapers, magazines, television or radion and
published within the institution only, but also a vehicle to advance liberalism and freedom of
speech.

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A STUDENT JOURNALIST

1. LEGAL
They should know their rights and the rights of each individual, and they should be sure they are
compliant with legal issues.
2. SOCIAL
It is the duty of a journalist to make sure the information is presented in a fair, balanced and
truthful manner
3. PROFESSIONAL
A journalist has a professional responsibility to present an accurate portrayal of events as they
occur.
4. ETHICAL
Journalists are bound to a code of ethics. An ethical journalist will provide the audience with
meaningful information, but she also will know when information is too sensitive to be reported.

COMMON MEDIA FORMS

1. PRINT MEDIA
- refers to printed materials, such as books and magazines, that contain words and images. The
term ‘print media’ is used to describe the traditional or “old-fashioned” print-based media that
today’s parents grew up with.

Types of Print Media:

• Newspapers
• Magazines
• Books
• Banners, Billboards, Brochures, and Flyers

2. BROADCAST MEDIA
- includes information transmitted through one of several mass communication channels, such as
television and radio.

Types of Broadcast Media:

• Television
• Radio
• Movies
3. INTERNET MEDIA
- refers to audio and visual content transmitted online. It can include words, images, graphics
and interactive elements.

Types of Internet Media:

• Social media
• Forums
• Podcasts

OVERVIEW/REVIEW ON MEDIA LITERACY

Media literacy is the ability to analyze and evaluate different types of media and the messages
they are sending. When deciphering a media source such as an advertisement or a news article,
identify which details are significant and how each detail contributes to the overall message and
objective. Consider the authority, artistic decisions, intended audience, varied interpretations, and
purpose behind the message.

HISTORY OF JOURNALISM IN THE WORLD

• The earliest known journalistic product was a news sheet circulated in ancient Rome: the Acta
Diurna, said to date from before 59 BCE. The Acta Diurna recorded important daily events such
as public speeches.
• The world’s oldest known newspaper is the “Relation aller Fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen
Historien,” which was published in Germany in 1605.
• The first successful daily newspaper, The Daily Courant, was published in London in 1702.
• The first modern newspaper, The Times of London, was established in 1785 and is still in
circulation today.
• The invention of the telegraph in the 19 th century revolutionized journalism by allowing news
to be transmitted quickly over long distances.
• The rise of yellow journalism in the late 19 th and early 20th centuries saw newspapers using
sensationalized stories to attract readers.
• The Watergate scandal in the 1970s, uncovered by journalists Bob Woodward and Carl
Bernstein of The Washington Post, led to increased public trust in investigative journalism.
• The advent of the internet in the late 20 th century transformed the journalism industry, leading
to the rise of online news sources and citizen journalism.

HISTORY OF JOURNALISM AND CAMPUS JOURNALISM IN THE PHILIPPINES

• 16th Century- EARLY YEARS. It was in the year 1637 when the “Father of Filipino Printing”,
Tomas Pinpin, launched the first Philippine newsletter called “Successos Felices” (Fortunate
Events).
• It is still under dispute among historians whether the El Liliputiense (1890) of the University of
Santo Tomas or the College Folio (1910 – now, Philippine Collegian) was the first campus paper.
• The most famous journalist in our history and considered as the father of Philippine Journalism
is Marcelo H. Del Pilar who uses the pen name Plaridel.
• In 1919, the University of the Philippines (UP) developed and offered the first journalism
courses in the country (Maslog 1988). Broadcast journalists and former war correspondent
Norman Reyes who anchored Voice of Freedom demonstrated what radio can do.

PRINCIPLES OF JOURNALISM
1. Truth and Accuracy
- Journalists cannot always guarantee ‘truth’, but getting the facts right is the cardinal principle
of journalism.
2. Independence
- Journalists must be independent voices; Journalist should not act, formally or informally, on
behalf of special interests whether political, corporate or cultural.
3. Fairness and Impartiality
- Most stories have at least two sides. While there is no obligation to present every side in every
piece, stories should be balanced and add context.
5. Humanity
- Journalists should do no harm. What we publish or broadcast may be hurtful, but we should be
aware of the impact of our words and images on the lives of others.
6. Accountability
- A sure sign of professionalism and responsible journalism is the ability to hold ourselves
(journalist) accountable.

FEATURES OF A CAMPUS JOURNALIST

1. Reporting and Writing Skills
2. Critical Thinking
3. Ethical Responsibility
4. Multimedia Skills
5. Courage
6. Voice of Change

RA 7079- CAMPUS JOURNALISM ACT AND THE PRESS CONFERENCE

Campus Journalism Act (RA 7079): This Philippine law protects student journalists’ rights and
promotes ethical campus journalism practices.

Republic Act 7079, also known as the Campus Journalism Act of 1991, is a Philippine law that
upholds and protects the freedom of the press at the campus level. It also promotes the
development and growth of campus journalism as a means of strengthening ethical values,
encouraging critical and creative thinking, and developing moral character and personal
discipline of Filipino youth.

SEC. 8. Press Conferences and Training Seminars

The Department of Education, Culture and Sports shall sponsor periodic competitions, press
conferences and training seminars in which student-editors/writers and teacher-advisers of
student publications in the elementary, secondary and tertiary levels shall participate. Such
competitions, conferences and seminars shall be held at the institutional, divisional, and regional
levels, culminating with the holding of the annual national elementary, secondary or tertiary
School Press Conference in places of historical and/or cultural interest in the country.

THE EDITORIAL BOARD

The editorial board serves as the backbone of any student-run publication, playing a vital role in
ensuring its quality, direction, and adherence to responsible journalistic practices.

1. Editor-in-Chief
- The overall leader of the publication, responsible for making final decisions and overseeing all
aspects of the operation.
2. Managing Editor
- Assists the editor-in-chief with day-to-day operations and may oversee specific sections or
tasks.
3. Section Editors
- May be responsible for specific sections of the publication, such as sports, arts and culture, or
student life.

ISSUES IN CAMPUS JOURNALISM

1. Funding Constraints
- Limited budgets can hinder the quality and frequency of publications.
2. Limited Resources
- Lack of access to equipment, training, and mentorship can impede journalistic development.
3. Administrative Censorship
- Pressure from university administrations to control content or suppress certain stories.
4. Limited Audience Engagement
- Campus media outlets may find it challenging to engage and retain their audience
5. Biased Reporting
- Student journalists may face challenges in maintaining objectivity or avoiding personal biases.

PRE-WRITING CONCERNS IN CAMPUS JOURNALISM

SECTIONS OF A CAMPUS PAPER

1. Front Page
2. News Page
3. Editorial Page
4. Features Page
5. Community Development Page
6. Sports Page

1. Front Page
- The front page of a campus paper typically features a prominent headline highlighting the main
story, a lead story with images, and subheadings summarizing additional featured stories. It
includes a masthead with essential details and bylines indicating the journalists or contributors.
2. News Page
- The News Page of a campus paper typically features current and relevant information about
events, developments, and occurrences within the campus community. This section covers news
stories that are of interest to students, faculty, and staff. Content may include:
a. Campus Events
b. Student Achievements
c. Faculty Updates
d. Administrative Announcements
e. Local News
f. Issues and Concerns

3. Editorial Page
- The editorial page of a campus paper typically features opinion pieces, editorials expressing the
paper’s stance, and personal commentary on various topics. It also includes reader-submitted
letters and visual elements, serving as a platform for diverse perspectives and discussions within
and beyond the campus community.

4. Features Page
- The Features Page in a campus paper offers in-depth, well-written articles that go beyond
immediate news, focusing on storytelling and insightful commentary. It provides a deeper
exploration of topics, adding analysis, reflection, and storytelling to engage readers beyond facts.
Content may include:
a. Human Interest Stories
b. Culture and Lifestyle Articles
c. Opinion Pieces
d. Arts and Entertainment
e. Technology and Innovation

5. Community Development Page

- The Community Development Page in a campus paper highlights campus engagement and
initiatives for broader societal betterment, including community service projects, collaborative
partnerships, social impact initiatives, student outreach programs, community events, and
success stories. It showcases the campus’s commitment to social responsibility and active
involvement in positive community impact.

6. Sports Page
- This section covers local sports events, including high school teams, college-level sports on
regional and national scales. Philippine campus papers often feature stories about intramurals
and national sports issues. Student writers may delve into sports analysis, editorials,
backgrounders, and prophetic sports news. In sports journalism, reporters investigate stories
rather than relying solely on press releases. They verify facts provided by athletes, teams,
leagues, or organizations they cover.

CHOOSING A TOPIC
1. Organize your ideas.
2. Know your future fans.
3. Use past articles for ideas.

RESEARCHING
Types of Articles
1. News Story
- Basic article or tv segment that reports on an event with just the facts.
2. Investigative Journalism
- A longer article or news segment that uncovers new information on a large topic that affects the
public
3. Human Interest Stories
- A longer article that focuses on a person or people as a way of talking about a current event.

Types of Sources
HUMAN SOURCES

Levels of Observation
1. Direct or firsthand observation
- The reporter sees or hears something herself.
2. Second-hand observation
- The reporter gets information from a witness.
3. Third-hand and observation
- The reporter talks to someone who got information from the witness
4. Fourth-hand observation
- Reporters occasionally receive information from spokesmen or spokeswomen, or from news
releases, that is based on information that is already third-hand.

DOCUMENTARY SOURCES
In addition to the obvious copies of lawsuits and other court fillings, arrest reports, budgets,
consultants of government reports, agendas documentary sources can include clippings or file
tape of previous stories (often accessed online now), telephone and city directories encyclopedias
or other reference works, and, increasingly, electronic databases.

PITCHING A STORY
What is a story pitch?
A pitch is a brief description (usually no longer than 500 words or two paragraphs) of a story
intended to convince an editor, producer or publisher to commission the piece.

How to pitch a story?

1. Know the story you want to tell
2. Research publications
3. Follow the submission guidelines
4. Write a clear subject line for an email pitch
5. Introduce your story with an engaging opening line
6. Explain why your story is right for the publication
7. Include your credentials or qualifications

INTERVIEWING AND QUOTING SOURCES

An interview is a special kind of conversation. It is a conversation between a journalist and a
person who has facts or opinions which are likely to be newsworthy.

The interview formula

1. Preparation
2. Politeness
3. Open questions
4. Visualize
5. Recap
6. The final question

Quotation
A quote is the written form of the words which people have spoken. Occasionally it will also
apply to words they have written down, perhaps in a book or a press release. In print journalism,
quotes are shown surrounded by quotation marks, either single (‘) or double (“).

Types of Quotations
1. Indirect quotes
- An indirect quote is when you paraphrase ideas from a source.
2. Direct quotes
- A direct quote is when you take text directly from a source without changing anything.
3. Paraphrased quotations
- to restate another author ‘s point in your own words.
4. Partial quotations
- to remove text from the middle of a quotation
THE PRINT MEDIA: FROM TOPIC TO ARTICLE
Print Media is one of the oldest means of disseminating information. It is a popular form of
advertising that uses physically printed media like newspapers, magazines, books, leaflets,
brochures etc.

Characteristics of Print Media:

1. Tangibility
- Provides a sensory experience that engages readers on a different level, allowing them to feel a
connection to the content and the medium itself.
2. Permanence
- This characteristic allows readers to revisit information, study it in-depth, and refer back to it
whenever necessary.
3. Credibility
- The rigorous editorial processes, fact-checking, and accountability practices associated with
print publications contribute to their perceived reliability.
4. Wide Reach
- Print media has historically enjoyed a broad reach, catering to diverse audiences across various
demographics.
5. Versatility
- It allows publishers to convey information in different ways, appealing to readers with varying
preferences.
6. In-depth Reporting
- Newspapers, in particular, have a long tradition of investigative journalism, analysis, and
comprehensive coverage of news events.