A PROJECT REPORT ON

STUDENT “READY” PROGRAMME - 2023-24

PROJECT REPORT
SUBMITTED TO,

MAHATMA PHULE KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, RAHURI

DISTRICT-AHMEDNAGAR, MAHARASHTRA,
INDIA
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONS)
AGRICULTURE BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
BY,
KULKARNI AUDUMBAR
BALASAHEB
ABMK2020/016

GOVT. COLLEGE
AGRICULTURE BUSINESS
MANAGEMENT, KASHTI,
MALEGAON
NASHIK
(Affiliated to M.P.K.V., Rahuri.)
 CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project report entitled “Student Ready Programme
(2023-24)”, submitted by me to Govt. College of Agriculture Business
Management, Kashti , Malegaon Nashik. In partial fulfillment of the
requirement of award of the degree of B.Sc.(Hons)ABM is a record of
work carried out by me. I further declare that work reported in this project
has not been submitted and will not be submitted either in part or in full, for
the award of any other degree or diploma in this institute or any other
institute or university.

Place: Kashti , MR. Kulkarni Audumbar Balasaheb

Date: Reg. No.: ABMK2020/016

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This project happens to be a great learning experience for me and I believe it will make a
difference to my perspective for business and to my career as well. The project could
have never been completed if not for the salient contribution of many people whom I
would like to mention here.

To start with, it is my pleasure to express my deep gratitude towards Dr P.P. Pawar ,

Director of Instruction’s Nominee, and M.P.K.V. Rahuri for guiding under the entire
project.

I wish to express my sincere gratitude to Shri. Ashok Nanaji Nikam host farmer; Mr.
Mayur Bhavsar owner of ERA Agro. pvt ltd. for providing me an opportunity to
complete the Student Ready Programme.

I would like to express my thanks to Dr S.P. Sonawane, I/c Principal of Government

College of Agriculture Business Management, Kashti, Malegaon and Member ,Student
Ready Programme, S. S. Khandve, Coordinator of RAWE & SPW Programme, also
Special Thanks to our Previous RAWE & SPW Coordinator Dr. B. A. Deshmukh Sir,
Dr. P. R. Patil , ABS – Student Ready Programme, Prof. A. V. Bhagat, Dr. S. S.
Gadakh, Dr. M. G. Chaure, SMS – Student Ready Programme for their valuable
guidance and encouragement in carrying out this project work. I also wish to express my
gratitude to the staff members of my college who rendered their help during the entire
period of my project work.
Last but not least I would like to thanks my parents and my friends who have supported
me in their little but valuable ways. It gives me great pleasure in expressing my gratitude
and thanks towards all those who have directly or indirectly helped and encouraged me
during this project.

Thanks.

Place : Malegaon Mr. Kulkarni Audumbar Kulkarni

Date: Reg. No.: ABMK2020/016

LIST OF TABLES

Table Title of table Page No.

No.
2.1 Members of Village Council. 14
2.2 Population of The Village 15
2.3 Demography of The Village 16
2.4 Total House in The Village 16
2.5 Geography of The Village 16
2.6 Community Building 17
2.7 Major Crops Grown in The Village 17
2.8 Infrastructure of The Village 18
2.9 Schemes and Program Implemented by Village 18
3.1 Socio economic information 19
3.2 Information of Host Farmer 19
3.3 Land 20
3.4 Source of Irrigation and Area Irrigated 20
3.5 Buildings 21
3.6 Livestock 21
3.7 Formulas 22
3.8 Exiting cropping pattern 22
3.9 Cropping Intensity 23
3.10 Implement and Machinery 23
3.11 Crop wise Depreciation Charges 24
3.12 Fixed Capital 25
3.13 Crop Wise Interest on Fixed Capital 26
3.14 Crop Wise incidental Charges 27
3.15 Crop Wise Land Revenue 28
3.16 Irrigation System/Structure 29
3.17 Irrigation charges 30
3.18 Crop Wise Irrigation Charges 31
3.19 Crop Wise Overhead Cost of Existing Crops 32
3.20 Household Assets 33
3.21 Annual Gross Income 33
3.22 Crop wise inputs used by the host farmer for soyabean 34
3.23 Per hectare cost of cultivation for soyabean 36
3.24 Yield of soyabean 40
3.25 Income measure of soyabean
3.26 Crop wise inputs used by the host farmer for wheat 42
3.27 Per hectare cost of cultivation for wheat 44
3.28 Yield and of wheat 48
3.29 income measure of Wheat
3.30 Crop wise inputs used by the host farmer for onion 49
3.31 Per hectare cost of cultivation for onion 51
3.32 Yield and income of onion 55
3.33 Income of onion 57
3.34 Crop wise inputs used by the host farmer for Maize 59
3.35 Per hectare cost of cultivation for Maize
3.36 Yield of Maize (0.40 Ha) 63
3.37 Income measures of maize(0.40 Ha) 63
4.1 Marketing channel for onion 76
4.2 Price spread of onion 77
SWOT Analysis 82
Summary and Conclusion 83
Photo gallery 84
 A. LIST OF ABBREVIATION

Ha Hectare
No. Number
Sr. No. Serial Number
Rs Rupees
T Tone
Q Quintal
GCA Gross Cropped Area
NCA Net cultivated Area
MMC Machine Maintenance Charges
Qty Quantity
Hrs. Hours
Min Minute
Kg Kilogram
G Gram
Ml Milliliter
L Liter
% Percentage
FBI Farm Business Income
FLI Family Labour Income
NI Net Income
BCR Benefit Cost Ratio
APMC Agriculture Produce Market Committee
AGMARK Agriculture Marketing
 CHAPTER-I
INTRODUCTION
 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Importance of Agricultural Production

Agricultural Production in India can be broadly classified into food crops
and commercial crops.Agriculture Production Management basically refers
to the making and implementing of decisions involved in organizing and
operating a farm for maximum production and profit.
Farm management is the collective term for
various management strategies and methods that are employed to keep a
farm productive and profitable. Better agricultural productivity leads from
the effective agricultural production management.
Agricultural Productivity is measures as the
ration of agricultural outputs to agricultural inputs.Cropping pattern means
the proportion of are under various crops at a point of time. crops at a point
of time .Agricultural production has gained importance recently because of
climate change and food security. The exponential increase in the world’s
population leads to an increased demand for food. Agricultural production
and productivity are directly linked with nutrient availability.
Soil productivity and nutrient availability are interrelated. Soil
productivity is the capacity of a soil to produce a certain yield of crops or
other plants with a specified system of management. Cost of cultivation
surveys are an important data source for decision making at the macro as
well as micro level. Accuracy of information generated out of these surveys
is, therefore, of paramount importance.
Cost of production studies are undertaken with a view to
get information for a class of cultivators belonging to a particular region or
an area called as the population. The number of such cultivators is expected
to be very large. The cost and time involved in collecting information on
every cultivator belonging to a region will be prohibitive. At best, the
information can be obtained from a sample of cultivators.
The inferences about the population in the context
of cost of cultivation surveys may be in the form of framing estimators of
parameter of interest like cost of production unit area or per unit weight
1.1.1 Economic Growth
Since agriculture employs many people, it contributes to economic
development. As a result ,the national income level, as well as people’s
standard of living, is improved. The fast rate of development in the
agriculture sector offers progressive outlook as well as increased
motivation for development. Hence, it aids to create a good atmosphere for
the overall economic development of a country. Therefore, economic
development relies on the
1.1.2 agricultural growth rate Agri-based Industries
Industries that have agricultural produce as raw materials are
known as Agri-based industries, such as jute, cotton, sugar, tobacco, etc.
raw materials for such industries are supplied from agricultural produce.
The department of Agriculture and Co-operation under the ministry of

8
 Agriculture is responsible for the development of the agriculture sector in
India. With small and marginal holdings constituting 85% of the total
holdings, one of the major challenges faced by the Indian economy lies in
enhancing the viability of agriculture, the achievement of which could
significantly improve the growth prospects of the economy. In viability of
agriculture has led to agrarian distress which, in turn, has added to the woes
of farmers. Input levels have to be continuously increased to maintain the
yield at the existing level. This poses a threat to the economic viability and
sustainability of crop production. Therefore, the goal of long-term food
security can be attained only if agriculture is made sustainable through
reforms in agricultural policies and agronomic practices.
1.2 Present Agriculture Scenario
1.2.1 World:
Agriculture can help reduce poverty, raise incomes and improve food
security for 80% of the world's poor, who live in rural areas and work
mainly in farming. The World Bank Group is a leading financier of
agriculture. Healthy, sustainable and inclusive food systems are critical to
achieve the world’s development goals. Agricultural development is one of
the most powerful tools to end extreme poverty, boost shared prosperity,
and feed a projected 9.7 billion people by 2050. Growth in the agriculture
sector is two to four times more effective in raising incomes among the
poorest compared to other sectors. Agriculture is also crucial to economic
growth: accounting for 4% of global gross domestic product (GDP) and in
some least developing countries, it can account for more than 25% of GDP.
But agriculture-driven growth, poverty reduction, and food security are at
risk: Multiple shocks – from COVID-19 related disruptions to extreme
weather, pests, and conflicts – are impacting food systems, resulting in
higher food prices and growing hunger. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has
accelerated a global food crisis that is driving millions more into extreme
poverty, and around 205 million people across 45 countries have so little
food that their lives are at risk. For fiscal year 2023, as of March, 2023, a
total of $3.8 billion in new IBRD/IDA commitments to agriculture and
related sectors has been approved. During that same period, investments, as
part of new agriculture and food projects, directly supporting climate action
have amounted to $1 billion.
(https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/agriculture/overview#1)
1.2.2 India:
As of 2022, India’s population stood at 1.417 billion. The country is
projected to become the most populous by 2030, home to more than 1.5
billion people. The growing population means there is now a far greater
need for resources than ever before, and one of the most important
resources is food. These include unsustainable practices, lack of tech
penetration, limited market access, and, most recently, the threat of

9
 insufficient food for the population.As the backbone of the Indian economy,
the agriculture industry contributes to around 16.5% of India’s GDP. As of
2022, the Indian agriculture market value stood at USD 435.9 billion and is
expected to reach USD 580.82 billion by 2028, growing at a CAGR of
around 4.9% between 2023 and 2028. A majority of the credit for this goes
to the government’s focus on the sector and agritech platforms and their
constant innovations, because of which the sector has achieved steady
growth, despite there being room for improvement in many aspects.
(https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/voices/indias-agritech-sector-
the-current-scenario-trends-and-budget-implications/?frmapp=yes)
1.2.3 Maharashtra:
The sowing for kharif season 2022-23 was completed on 157.97 lakh
hectares, which was lower than last year’s 163.79 lakh hectares. The
production of cereals, oilseeds, cotton and sugarcane is expected to increase
by 10 per cent, 19 per cent, five per cent and four per cent respectively. The
increased area under sugarcane cultivation is a key contributor to the
growth. Theaverage area under sugarcane plantation, which was 12.32 lakh
hectares, rose to 14.88 lakh hectares. The average area under sugar
plantation in the state till four years ago stood at 9.89 lakh hectares.. The
Maharashtra Economic Survey 2022-23 has projected that the agriculture
and allied sector, which is the mainstay of the state’s rural economy and
engages 55 per cent of the population, will register 10.2 per cent growth in
the outgoing fiscal year. The projected growth is attributed to the good
monsoon and the absence of drought for the past three years. The state
recorded 119.8 per cent monsoon rain in 2022. Of the total 355 talukas
(excluding those in Mumbai city & Mumbai suburban districts), 204
received excess rainfall, 145 got normal rains and only six received
deficient rainfall

1.2.4 Sustainable management of natural resources

Continued degradation of natural resources under intensive agriculture to
attain goal of food sufficiency is one of the reasons for the declining factor
productivity and stagnation in food grains production in the country. The
health of our soils has impaired due to emergence of multi- nutrient
deficiencies and falling of organic carbon levels. The soils are, generally,
not replenished adequately with nutrients removed by crops,

10
particularly micro and secondary nutrients. The wider fertilizer
consumption ratios for many states corroborate nutrients imbalance in soils.
The soils are, presently, operating on a negative nutrients balance of about
10 million tons per annum. Farmer are restoring to addition of more and
more fertilizers to obtain yields similar to previous years, especially in
sugarcane, jowar and increased inputs are thus adding the production cost;
marginalizing net returns to farmers.
1.2.5 Farm tools and Equipment
Farm Tools and Equipment are needed for timely
completion of various agricultural operations and precise application of
inputs, to have higher productivity and profitability and also to reduce the
drudgery of farm workers including women. 80% of farm holding in India
are less than 1 ha and, source-wise, current power use is 65% mechanical,
21% electricity, 8% animal and 6% human. Appropriate and selective
mechanization is needed for production agriculture, post-harvest
management and value-addition using a proper blend of conventional and
renewable energy sources to achieve higher income. While mechanization
would augment the agricultural production by 10-15%, post-harvest
management could add 5-10% more by reducing loss

11
 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY:

1. To study the general information of the village and socio economic survey
of the village.

2. To study the input management and cost of cultivation of different

crops of the host farmer.

3. To study the marketing of crops grown by the host farmer.

12
 CHAPTER NO - II
GENERAL INFORMATION OF THE VILLAGE

13
 General Information of the Village

1) Name of Gram panchayat: Kashti , Tal- Malegaon, Dist.- Nashik

2) Year of Establishment: 1996

3) Total Number of Member in Village Council – 10

Total Number of Members of Village Council:

Table 2.1: Members of Village Council.

Sr. Name of the Member Designation

No

1 Usha Rajendra Khairnar Sarpanch

2 Ravita Bhausaheb Khairnar Deputy Sarpanch
3 Shewta Ganesh Khairnar Member
4 Rajendra Uttam Khairnar Member
5 Arun Devram Khairnar Member
6 Baban Ukha Sonawane Member
7 Nayna Bhausaheb Khairnar Member
8 Sumanabai Aananda Sonawane Member
9 Mandabai Bhivsan Pawar Member
1 Dala Dula Sonawane Member
0

14
2.2 Total Population of Village

Sr.No. Gender Total Population

1 Male 2338
2 Female 2125
Total Population 4463

Table No:2.2- Indicates the Total population of village is around 4463. In which 2338
are males and 2125 are females

Table 2.3: Demography of the Village

Sr. No. Family category Total No.

1 APL Families 192

2 BPL Families 302

Total No. of Families 494

Table No:2.3- Indicates the Demography of village in which are APL families and 192
are BPL families. So there are total 302 families in village

Table 2.4:Total house in the village

Sr. No. Particular Numbers

1 No.of Houses 494
2 Kutcha Houses 143
3 Pakka Houses 351
4 No.of Wadi / Vasti 03
Total No. of Houses 494

Table No:2.4- Shows the total houses in the village. There are 494 houses in the village
in which 143 are Kutcha house, 351 are pakka house and 03 wadi's.

15
Table 2.5: Geography of the village
Sr. No . Particulars Ha
1 Total Area of Village 918 ha
2 Agriculture Area 735 ha
a)Irrigated Area 612 ha
b)Unirrigated Area 123 ha
3 Gavthan Area 5.4 ha
4 Barren Land 57ha
5 Forest Area 113.40 ha

Table No:2.5 - It was observed about the general information of the village agricultural
area, Gavthan area, Barren land , Forest area.

Table 2.6: Community Building

Sr.No. Particulars Numbers
1 Village Panchayat 1
2 Anganwadi 03
3 Z.P. Primary School 1
4 Govt. Hospital 0
5 Private Human Clinics 1
6 Veterinary clinic 0
7 Secondary Schools and Colleges 06

Table No:2.6- Shows the information of community building. There is 1 village

panchayat, 03 Anganwadi, 01 Z.P primary school, 0 Government Hospital, 01 private
human clinic, 0 Veterinary Clinic, 6 sec. School and colleges.

16
Table 2.7: Major Crops Grown in the Village
Sr.No. Types of Crops Name
of Crop
1 Cereals Maize Wheat , Bajara
2 Pulses Soyabean Gram
3 Oilseeds Groundnut, Soybean
4 Flowers -
5 Vegetables Cabbage, tomato , brinjal
Onion
6 Fruits Guava, Anola
7 Spices Coriander ,ginger Chilli
onion
8 Cash Crops Cotton
9 Fodder Crops Maize Jawar, Nepier
ghas
10 Other(If any) -

Table No:2.7- Indicates the major crops grown in the village. which include different
cereals, pulses, oil seeds, flowers, vegetables, fruits, spices, cash crop, fodder crops etc.

Table 2.8 : Infrastructure of the village

Sr.No. Particulars Numbers
1 No. of Roads 10
Kutcha 06
Pakka 04
2 Markets -
3 Financial Institutes -
4 Temples 06
5 Post Office 1
6 Biogas Plant -
7 Cooperative Society 01
8 Others if any -

Table No:2.8- Reveals that the infrastructure of the village. Total no. Of roads are 10
(Kutcha 06 and parka 04) 0 Financial institutes,06 temples, 1 Post office, 06 biogas plant

17
Table 2.9: Schemes and program implemented by village
Sr.No. Name of Scheme / Program
1 Gharkul yojana
2 Various Agricultural Schemes
3 Rojgar Hami Yojana
4 P.M. kisan yojana
5 Swachhata Abhiyan program
6 Green revolution, tree plantation
7 Indira Gandhi awas yojana
8 Mazi Vasundhara

Table No:2.9- Shows the different schemes and programs implemented by Village

18
 CHAPTER III
SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY OF FARMER

19
 General Information of Host Farmer
Socio-economic Survey of Farmer
Name of the host farmer : Shri.Ashok Nanaji Nikam
Table No 3.1: - Information of farmer
a) Sex-Male/ Female Male
b)Age- (years) 52
c)Education 10th .
d)Category of the host farmer Medium: (2.20)

e)Address Village- kashti Post- Kashti

Tahsil- Nashik District- Nashik

Phone No.9881753879

Table no: 3.1: It was observed about the information of Name of host farmer which
includes the sex (male, female), Age, Education of farmer, category of the host farmer,
Address of farmer.

Table No:3.2. Information of the family members

Relation
Sr.
with head of
No. Name Gender Age Education Occupation
family
1 Ashok. N. Nikam Male Head 52 10th . farmer

2 Venubai.A.Nikam Female Wife 46 10th --

3 Ganesh .A.Nikam Male son 25 TYBA Farmer

Table No:3.2 it was observed that total 3 members in family as it was a small family
and there were 1 female and 2 male members in family.

20
 Assets of host farmer:

Table No. 3.3 Land:

Area (ha.) Present Value
Sr. Plot / Survey No. Soil Type
(Rs.)
Irrigated Un-irrigated
No.
1 269 1 - Black 5000000

2 269/2 1.20 - Black 6000000

Table No.3.3 Indicates information about land assets of host farmer. He 2.20 ha owns
total.

Table No.3.4 Source of Irrigation and Area Irrigated:

Sr.No Source Numbers Area Irrigated (Ha)

4Month 8Month Perennial

1 Well 1 - - 1

2 Borewell 1 - - 1

Table No3.4 Reveals information about sources of irrigation to the land area. It includes
well and Borewell Out of total 2.20 Ha land, All Total 2.0 Ha perennial area was
irrigated by well and water availability.

21
 Table No.3.5 Buildings:
Sr. No. Category Type of Year of construction Construction value
Construction (Rs.)

1 Residential House RCC 2023 80,00,000

2 Cattle Byre Kaccha 2020 60000

3 Store Kaccha 2018 50000

Total 81,10,000

Table No:3.5. Indicates building owned by farmer which includes

residential house, store and cattle byre by having purchase value Rs
80,00,000 ,50000 and 60,000 respectively.

Table No.3.6 Livestock:

Sr. Category Breed No. of animals Present

Value
No.
1. Cows
a) Local cows
i) In Milk Jersey 1 50000
ii) Dry Jersey 1 25000
b) Buffaloes - -
i) In Milk murrah 2 60000
ii) Dry Jafarabadi 1 50000
2

Table No:3.6- Observes that farmer having a livestock with different breeds and cost.
farmer having Jerssy breed of Cow in that 1 is in Milk and 1 are dry and in buffaloes
farmer having 2 murha and 1 jafrabadi breed in that murha is in milk and 1jfrabadi are
dry

22
 Table no. 3.7

𝑃𝑢𝑟𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
Junk value = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 × 10

𝑃𝑢𝑟𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒−𝐽𝑢𝑛𝑘 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒

Depreciation= 𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑓𝑢𝑙 𝐿𝑖𝑓𝑒

Present value=Purchase value-Total Depreciation

Table No.3.8 Existing Cropping Pattern

Season Crop Variety Area(ha) Yield Per Plot(qt) Gross
Main By Income
Product
Soybean JS 335 1.20 30 05 206000
Kharif

Rabi Maize ADV-759 0.40 23 40 60600

Onion Panchaganga 0.40 170 - 239500
Wheat Ajit 102 1.20 40 - 116000

Table No.3.8 it was observed that general information of Existing Cropping

Pattern (2022-2023) of host Farmer in that the cropping pattern according the
seasons like Kharif ( Pearl Millet Soybean), Rabbi (Wheat, Onion And Maize)
Varity of crops, Area of crops in Ha, Yield of crop and gross income of that crop.
The farmer getting highest gross income from grapes crop which is a perennial
crop.

23
Table No: 3.09 Cropping Intensity:

Sr. No 0Particulars Area(Ha)

1 Total Land 2.20

2 Net Cultivated Area 2.0

3 Non Cultivable land 0.20

4 Gross Cropped Area 3.2

𝐆𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐬 𝐂𝐫𝐨𝐩𝐩𝐞𝐝 𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚

𝐂𝐫𝐨𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐲 = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝐍𝐞𝐭 𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚

= 𝟑.20 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟐

= 160%

Interpretation: The Cropping Intensity is Greater than 100 % which shows that land
is well utilized

24
 TableNo:3.10Implements and machinery:
Sr. Year of Purchase Value Useful Life
Category No.
No purchased (Rs.) (Years)

A Implement and Equipment

a ) Harrow 1 2009 60,000 25

c ) sprayer 3 2014 15,000 5

d) electric motor 2 2005 30,000 25

B Machinery:

a) Tractor 1 2008 310000 24

C Hand tools:

Sickle 5 2023 500 5

Axe 3 2020 900 10

Hoe 2 2021 200 5

Spade 2 2020 400 5

𝑃𝑢𝑟𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
Junk Value = 100 × 10

25
 𝑃𝑢𝑟𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒−𝐽𝑢𝑛𝑘 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
Depreciation=
𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑓𝑢𝑙 𝐿𝑖𝑓𝑒

Present value=Purchase value-Total Depreciation

26
 Crop wise depreciation Charges: 18564

Total Depreciation Charges

𝐂𝐫op wise Depreciation charges = × Plot area
Gross Cropped Area

Table No:3.11 Crop wise Depreciation Charges:

Sr.
Crops Plot Area (ha) Depreciation (Rs.)
Table No.
No:3.11- 1 Soybean 1.20 6961.50
Gives the
2 Wheat 1.20 6961.50
information
about Crop 3 Onion 0.40 2320.50

wise 4 Maize 0.40 2320.50

depreciation
Total 3.20 18564
charges.
Which shows that Wheat And Soybean required higher charge

Table No.3.12 Fixed Capital

Sr. No. Assets Purchase Value (Rs.)

1 Implements and Equipments 1,05,000
2 Machinery 3,10,000
3 Hand tools 2000
Total 3,87,000

Table No:3.12 - Shows the information about fixed capital of host farmer. Which
includes purchased value of implements, Machinery and hand tools .their total
value is Rs.3,87,000.

27
 Interest on Fixed Capital

Interest on Fixed Capital @ 10% on Fixed Capital

3,87,000
Interest 𝐨𝐧𝐟𝐢𝐱𝐞𝐝𝐜𝐚𝐩𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐥 = × 𝟏𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎
100
= Rs. 38,700

Table No.3.13 Crop Wise Interest on Fixed Capital

Interest on fixed capital

Crop wise interest on fixed capital = × Plot area
Gross Cropped Area

Table
No:3.13 - Sr. No. Crops Area (Ha) Intrest rate (Rs)
Reveals the 1
Soybean 1.20 14512.50
information
about crop 2
Wheat 1.20 14512.50
wise interest
on fixed 3
Onion 0.40 4837.50
capital .
Maize
4 0.40 4837.50
Total 3.20 38700

28
Table No:3.14 Crop Wise Incidental charges:

Incidental charges: Rs.2750

Total incidental charges

Crop wise interest on fixed capital = × Plot area
Gross Cropped Area

Crop Wise Incidental charges:

Sr. No. Crops Area (Ha) Incidental Charges

1 Soybean 1.20 1,031.25

2 Wheat 1.20 1,031.25

3 Onion 0.40 343.75

4 Maize 0.40 343.75

Total 3.20 2,750

Table No:3.14 -Gives information about crop wise Incidental charges. Total incidental
charges are Rs .2750 Which are divided into 4 crops.

29
Table No.3.15 . Land Revenues:

Total Land Revenues =

Total land revenue

Crop wise interest on land revenue = × Plot Area
Gross Cropped Area

Sr.
Crops Area (Ha) Land Revenue (Rs.)
No.

1 Soybean 1.20 -

2 Wheat 1.20 -

3 Onion 0.40 -

4 Maize 0.40 -

Total 3.20 -

Table No:3.15 -Gives information about crop wise Land revenue . Total Land revenue
are Rs. .Which are divided into 4 crops

30
Table No:3.16 Irrigation Structure (Excluding well and bore well ):

Deprecation Total Year of Purchase Usefull Junk Deprecation

on No. Purchase Value Life Value

Well 1 2002 120000 50 12000 2,160

Electric 2
Motor

5 HP 1 2005 15000 15 1500 900

5 HP 1 2008 15000 15 1500 900

Total 1,50,000 3,960

Table No:3.16 - Reveals the information of irrigation system. Which

shows source of irrigation .and also include the year of Purchase, useful
life, purchase value, junk value, depreciation and present value. Total
Purchase value of irrigation system is Rs. 1,50,000

Interest on irrigation structure = 1𝟎% 𝐨𝐟 𝐩𝐮𝐫𝐡𝐚𝐬𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞

1,50,000
Interest on irrigation structure = ------------------- × 10
100

Interest on irrigation structure = Rs. 15,000

31
Table No:3.17 Irrigation Charges

Sr. Crops Plot Area No of Irrigation Total Hours

No. (Rs)

1 Soybean 1.20 3 18

2 Wheat 1.20 9 54

3 Onion 0.40 8 52

4 Maize 0.40 4 24

Total 3.20 24 148

Table No:3.17 – Reveals the information about the total irrigation hours is 148 hrs.
Which is divided into 4 crops

Total Electricity Bill = Rs. 9000

Minor repair = Rs. 800
Total hours Utilized = 148 hr.

Crop Wise Irrigation Charges

{Electricity bill + Minor repairs}

Machine Maintenance charge =
Total hours utilized

{9000+800}
= 148

Machines Maintenance charge = 66.21 Rs

32
 𝐂𝐫𝐨𝐩𝐰𝐢𝐬𝐞 𝐢𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐬

MMC × Total irrigation Interest on. irrigation structure @

hours +{
10% × Plot area}
Gross cropped area

Table No.3.18 .Crop Wise Irrigation Charges:

Sr. Crops Area MMC Irrigation Interest on Gross Crop

No. (Ha) (Rs) hours irrigation cropped Wise
structure(Rs.) Area irrigation
charges
(Rs.)

Soybean 1.20 66.21 18 15,000 1.20 6,816.17

Wheat 1.20 66.21 54 15,000 1.20 9,200.34

Onion 0.40 66.21 52 15,000 0.40 5,317.92

Maize 0.40 66.21 24 15,000 0.40 3,464.04

Total 3.20 148 3.20 24,798.47

Table No:3.18 - Observes Crop wise irrigation charges.

33
 CROP WISE OVERHEAD COST:

Table No:3.19 Crop Wise Overhead Cost of existing crops

Table
No:3.19 Crop wise Incidental Interest on Irrigation Land
Sr.No. Crops Area(ha)
- Depreciation Charges fixed capital Charge Revenue

1 Soybean 1.20
6961.50 1,031.25 14512.50 6,816.17

2 1.20
Wheat 6961.50 1,031.25 14512.50 9,200.34

3 0.40
Onion 2320.50 343.75 4837.50 5,317.92

4 0.40
Maize 2320.50 343.75 4837.50 3,464.04

3.20
Total 18564 2,750 38700 24,798.47

Observe the Crop wise overhead cost .Shows the information about Crop wise depreciation, incidental
charges, interest on fixed capital, land revenue and crop wise irrigation charges.

34
Table no.-3.20 Household Assets:

Sr. No Particulars Numbers Value (Rs)

1 Two-Wheeler 1 80,000

3 Television 1 20,000

4 Refrigerator 1 15,000

5 Mixer Cum Grinder 1 5,000

Table no.-3.20- Indicates all the household assets of the host farmer. He having 1 two-
wheelers and other household appliance including their purchase value.

Table No: 3.21 Annual gross incomes (Previous year)

Sr. No. Source Amount (Rs.)

1 Crops 6,50,000

2 Livestock 70,000

Total 7,20,000

Table No: 3.21- Shows the information about the Annual gross
income of the Farmer which is about Rs.7,20,000. He earns Rs.6,50,000
from crops and Rs.70000 from livestock.

35
 Crop Wise Input Used By Farmer

1. Soybean (1.20ha)
Table no.3.22 - Crop wise inputs used by the host farmer:

Crop: Soybean Variety: JS-335 Season: Kharif Area: 1.20 ha

CROP WISE INPUTS USED BY HOST FARMER

Sr. Per Plot Per Hectare

Iitem of Cost Unit
No. Value Value
Qty. Rate (Rs.) Qty. Rate (Rs.)

Hired Human Labour

1
a) Male Days 24 350 8400 20 350 7000

b) Female Days 30 250 7500 25 250 6250

i) Hired Bullock Labour Days 0 0 0 0 0 0

2
ii) Owned Bullock Labour Days 0 0 0 0 0 0

i) Hired Machinery Used Hour 0 0 0 0 0 0

3

ii) Owned Machinery Used Hour 10 800 8000 8.33333 800 6666.6667

i) Seed Purchased Kg. 90 150 13500 75 150 11250

4

ii) Value of owned Seed Kg. 0 0 0 0 0

0

5 Manure 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fertilizers
6
i) N Kg. 57.6 7 403.2 48 7 336

ii) P Kg. 84 28 2352 70 28 1960

36
 iii) K Kg. 42 25 1050 35 25 875

iv) Water - Soluble Kg. 0 0 0 0 0 0

v) Micronutrient Kg. 0 0 0 0 0 0

Insecticide

i) Insecticide (karate) ml. 600 0.8 480 500 0.8 400

Insecticide coragen ml 90 18.5 1665 75 18.5 1387.5

7
iii) Weedicide ml 750 0.9 675 625 0.9 562.5

iv) Hormonal Spray Persuit Lit. 0 0 0 0 0 0

v) Other Lit. 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 Irrigation Charges Rs. 6816.17 5680.1417

9 Incidental Charges Rs. 1031.25 859.375

Table No.3.22 -Shows the information about Input used for per plot of Soybean crop
by far

37
Table No.3.23
PER HECTARE COST OF CULTIVATION

Sr.
Quantit Value Value % Share in
No Item of Cost Unit Rate/Unit
y (Rs./Plot) (Rs./Ha.) Cost C3
.
Hired Human Labour
1 a) Male Days 24 350 8400 7000 5.260292255
b) Female Days 30 250 7500 6250 4.696689513
i) Hired Bullock
Days
Labour 0 0 0 0 0
2
ii) Owned Bullock
Days
Labour 0 0 0 0 0
i) Hired Machinery
Hour 0 0 0 0 0
Used
3
ii) Owned Machinery
Hour
Used 10 800 8000 6666.666667 5.009802148
i) Seed Purchased Kg. 90 150 13500 11250 8.454041124
4
ii) Value of owned
Kg. 0 0 0 0 0
Seed
5 Manure 0 0 0 0 0
Fertilizers
i) N Kg. 57.6 7 403.2 336 0.252494028
ii) P Kg. 84 28 2352 1960 1.472881831
6
iii) K Kg. 42 25 1050 875 0.657536532
iv) Water - Soluble Kg. 0 0 0 0 0
v) Micronutrient Kg. 0 0 0 0 0
Insecticide
i) Insecticide (karate) ml. 600 0.8 480 400 0.300588129
Insecticide coragen ml 90 18.5 1665 1387.5 1.042665072
7 iii) Weedicide ml 750 0.9 675 562.5 0.422702056
iv) Hormonal Spray
Lit.
Persuit 0 0 0 0 0
v) Other Lit. 0 0 0 0 0
8 Irrigation Charges Rs. 6816.17 5680.141667 4.268457888
9 Incidental Charges Rs. 1031.25 859.375 0.645794808
Repairs on implement
Rs.
10 & Machinery 200 166.6666667 0.125245054
Crop Insurance
Rs.
11 Premium 0 0 0
Miscellaneous
Rs.
12 Expenses 500 416.6666667 0.313112634
Total Working
Rs.
13 Capital (Total 1 to 52572.62 43810.51667 32.92230307
38
 12)
Interest on Working
Capital @ Prevailing
14 Rs. 0 0 0
Bank Rate for full
Crop Period
Land Revenue &
Rs.
15 Other Cesses 0 0 0
Depriciation on
Implement,
16 Rs. 18564 15470 11.62524588
Machinery &
Building
Cost A1 (13 + 14 +
Rs.
17 15 +16) 71136.62 59280.51667 44.54754896
Rent Paid for Leased
Rs.
18 in Land 0 0 0
19 Cost A2 (17 + 18) Rs. 71136.62 59280.51667 44.54754896
Interest on Fixed
Capital Excluding
20 Rs. 38700 32250 24.23491789
Land (10 % on Fixed
Investment)
Amortization Value
in Case of Fruit Rs.
21 Crops 0 0 0
Cost B1 (17 + 20 +
Rs.
22 21) 109836.62 91530.51667 68.78246684
Rental Value of
owned Land (1/6 th
23 Rs. 34333.33 28611.10833 21.5003988
of Gross Return -
Land Revenue)
Cost B2 (18 + 22 +
Rs.
24 23) 144169.95 120141.625 90.28286564
Imputed Value of
Rs.
25 Family Labour 1000 833.3333333 0.626225268
26 Cost C1 (22 + 25) Rs. 110836.62 92363.85 69.40869211
27 Cost C2 (24 + 25) Rs. 145169.95 120974.9583 90.90909091
Manegerial
Allowance (10 % of Rs.
28 Cost C2) 14516.995 12097.49583 9.090909091
Cost C3 (27 + 28) i,e
Rs.
29 Total Cost 159686.945 133072.4542 100

Table No.3.23-Gives the information about the per hector cost of cultivation .it include
all the cost i.e. Cost A1, Cost A2, Cost B1, Cost B2, Cost C1, Cost C2 ,Cost C3.

39
 YIELD:

Table no.3.24 Yield of Soybean:

Sr. Value Value

Item of Yield Unit Quantity Rate/Unit
No. (Rs./Plot) (Rs./Ha)

1 Main Product Qtl. 30 6700 201000 167500

2 By Product trolly 5 1000 5000 4166.666667

Gross Income 206000 171666.6667

Table no. 3.24 reveals the information about the Yield and value of the produce. Total
Gross income of Soybean is 2,06,000.

40
 Table No. 3.25 Analytical tools or estimated income measures used

Income Measures Formula Total (Rs.)

Farm Business Income

134863.38
(F.B.I) Gross Income - Cost A1
Owned Farm Business
134863.38
Income Gross Income - Cost A2
Family Labour Income
61830.05
(F.L.I) Gross Income - Cost B2
46313.055
Net Income (N.I) Gross Income - Cost C3
Farm Investment Income
133863.38
(F.I.I) F.B.I - Imputed Value of Family Labour

Net Income + Rental Value of Owned Land +

Intensive Income 119346.385
Interest on Fixed Capital

1.290024053
Benefit - Cost Ratio Gross Income ÷ Cost C3

Cost of Production (Cost C3 - Value of By Product) ÷ Yield (in 5156.2315

qtl.)
(Cost C3 - Value of By Product) ÷ Area (in
Cost of Cultivation 128905.7875
Ha.)

41
 2. Wheat (1.20ha)-

Table no. 3.26 Crop wise inputs used by the host farmer:

Crop: Wheat Variety: Ajit 102 Season: Rabi Area: 1.20 ha

Variety: Ajit
Area:
Crop: Wheat 102 Season: Rabbi 1.2

Sr. Per Plot Per Hectare

Iitem of Cost Unit
No. Value Value
Qty. Rate (Rs.) Qty. Rate (Rs.)

Hired Human Labour

1
a) Male Days 9 300 2700 7.5 300 2250

b) Female Days 20 250 5000 16.6667 250 4166.6667

i) Hired Bullock
Labour Days 0 0 0 0 0 0
2
ii) Owned Bullock
Labour Days 0 0 0 0 0 0

i) Hired Machinery
Hour 3 1700 5100 2.5 1700 4250
Used
3
ii) Owned Machinery
Used Hour 4 800 3200 3.33333 800 2666.6667

i) Seed Purchased Kg. 120 50 6000 100 50 5000

4
ii) Value of owned
Kg. 0 0 0 0 0
Seed 0

5 Manure trolly 1.5 3500 5250 1.25 3500 4375

Fertilizers
6
i) Straight urea Kg. 96 7 672 80 7 560

ii) Mixed Kg. 48 28 1344 40 28 1120

42
 iii) Complex
20.20.0.13 Kg. 48 25 1200 40 25 1000

iv) Water - Soluble Kg. 0 0 0 0 0 0

v) Micronutrient Kg. 0 0 0 0 0 0

Insecticide

i) Pesticides ml. 0 0 0 0 0 0

ii) Fungicide (m45) mg 600 0.7 420 500 0.7 350

7
iii) Weedicide
weedmer ml. 1100 0.75 825 916.667 0.75 687.5

iv) Hormonal Spray Lit. 0 0 0 0 0 0

insecticide hamla ml. 1200 0.8 960 1000 0.8 800

8 Irrigation Charges Rs. 9200.34 7666.95

9 Incidental Charges Rs. 1031.25 859.375

Table No.3.26 -Shows the information about Input used for per plot of Wheat crop by
farme

43
 Per hector cost of cultivation
Table No.3.27

Sr.
Quantit Rate/ Value Value % Share in
No Item of Cost Unit
y Unit (Rs./Plot) (Rs./Ha.) Cost C3
.

Hired Human Labour

Day 2.90448080
1 a) Male s 9 300 2700 2250 2
Day 4166.66666 5.37866815
b) Female s 20 250 5000 7 3
i) Hired Bullock Day
Labour s 0 0 0 0 0
2
ii) Owned Day
Bullock Labour s 0 0 0 0 0
i) Hired Hou 5.48624151
3 1700 5100 4250
Machinery Used r 6
3
ii) Owned Hou 2666.66666 3.44234761
Machinery Used r 4 800 3200 7 8
6.45440178
i) Seed Purchased Kg. 120 50 6000 5000
3
4
ii) Value of
Kg. 0 0 0 0 0
owned Seed
5 Manure 1.5 3500 5250 4375 5.64760156
Fertilizers
i) Straight urea Kg. 96 7 672 560 0.722893
1.44578599
Kg.
ii) Mixed 48 28 1344 1120 9
6 iii) Complex 1.29088035
Kg.
20.20.0.13 48 25 1200 1000 7
iv) Water -
Kg.
Soluble 0 0 0 0 0
v) Micronutrient Kg. 0 0 0 0 0
Insecticide
i) Pesticides ml. 0 0 0 0 0
ii) Fungicide 0.45180812
7 mg
(m45) 600 0.7 420 350 5
iii) Weedicide 0.88748024
ml.
weedmer 1100 0.75 825 687.5 5
iv) Hormonal Lit. 0 0 0 0 0
44
 Spray
1.03270428
ml.
insecticide hamla 1200 0.8 960 800 5
Irrigation
Rs.
8 Charges 9200.34 7666.95 9.89711515
Incidental 1.10935030
Rs.
9 Charges 1031.25 859.375 6
Repairs on
implement & Rs. 0.32272008
10 Machinery 300 250 9
Crop Insurance
Rs.
11 Premium 0 0 0
Miscellaneous
Rs.
12 Expenses 0 0 0
Total Working
Capital (Total 1 Rs. 36002.1583 46.4744789
13 to 12) 43202.59 3 9
Interest on
Working Capital
14 @ Prevailing Rs. 0 0 0
Bank Rate for full
Crop Period
Land Revenue &
Rs.
15 Other Cesses 0 0 0
Depriciation on
Implement, 5800.83333 7.48818180
16 Rs. 6961
Machinery & 3 2
Building
Cost A1 (13 + 14 41802.9916 53.9626607
Rs.
17 + 15 +16) 50163.59 7 9
Rent Paid for
Rs.
18 Leased in Land 0 0 0
Cost A2 (17 + 41802.9916 53.9626607
Rs.
19 18) 50163.59 7 9
Interest on Fixed
Capital Excluding
12093.3333 15.6110464
20 Land (10 % on Rs. 14512
3 5
Fixed
Investment)
Amortization
Value in Case of Rs.
21 Fruit Crops 0 0 0
Cost B1 (17 + 20 69.5737072
Rs.
22 + 21) 64675.59 53896.325 4
Rental Value of
owned Land (1/6
19333.3333 16111.1111 20.7975168
23 th of Gross Rs.
3 1 6
Return - Land
Revenue)
45
 Cost B2 (18 + 22 84008.9233 70007.4361 90.3712240
Rs.
24 + 23) 3 1 9
Imputed Value of 416.666666 0.53786681
Rs.
25 Family Labour 500 7 5
Cost C1 (22 + 54312.9916 70.1115740
Rs.
26 25) 65175.59 7 5
Cost C2 (24 + 84508.9233 70424.1027 90.9090909
Rs.
27 25) 3 8 1
Manegerial
Allowance (10 % Rs. 8450.89233 7042.41027 9.09090909
28 of Cost C2) 3 8 1
Cost C3 (27 + 92959.8156 77466.5130
Rs.
29 28) i,e Total Cost 7 6 100

Table No.3.27 - Gives the information about the per hector cost of cultivation .it
include all the cost i.e. Cost A1, Cost A2, Cost B1, Cost B2, Cost C1, Cost

Yield:

Table no.3.28 Yield of:

Sr. Value Value

Item of Yield Unit Quantity Rate/Unit
No. (Rs./Plot) (Rs./Ha)

1 Main Product Qtl. 40 2900 116000 96666.66667

2 By Product Qtl. 0 0 0 0

Gross Income 116000 96666.66667

Table no.3.28 reveals the information about the Yield and value of the produce. Total

46
Gross income of Wheat is 116000

47
 Table No:3.29 Analytical tools or estimated income measures used

Income Measures Formula Total (Rs.)

Farm Business Income 65836.41

(F.B.I) Gross Income - Cost A1
Owned Farm Business 65836.41
Income Gross Income - Cost A2
Family Labour Income 31991.07667
(F.L.I) Gross Income - Cost B2
23040.18433
Net Income (N.I) Gross Income - Cost C3
Farm Investment Income 65336.41
(F.I.I) F.B.I - Imputed Value of Family Labour

Net Income + Rental Value of Owned Land +

Intensive Income 56885.51767
Interest on Fixed Capital

1.247851011
Benefit - Cost Ratio Gross Income ÷ Cost C3

Cost of Production 2323.995392

(Cost C3 - Value of By Product) ÷ Yield (in
qtl.)
Cost of Cultivation (Cost C3 - Value of By Product) ÷ Area (in 77466.51306
Ha.)

48
 3. Onion (0.40 ha)-

Crop: onion Variety: Panchaganga Season: Rabi Area: 0.40 ha

Table no.3.30 Crop wise inputs used by the host farmer:

CROP WISE INPUTS USED BY HOST FARMER

Sr. Per Plot Per Hectare

Iitem of Cost Unit Value Value
No.
Qty. Rate (Rs.) Qty. Rate (Rs.)
Hired Human Labour
1 a) Male Days 5 300 1500 12.5 300 3750
b) Female Days 30 250 7500 75 250 18750
i) Hired Bullock Labour Days 0 0 0 0 0 0
2
ii) Owned Bullock Labour Days 0 0 0 0 0 0

i) Hired Machinery Used Hour 0 0 0 0 0 0

3
ii) Owned Machinery Used Hour 7 800 5600 17.5 800 14000

i) Seed Purchased Kg. 3 2000 6000 7.5 2000 15000

4
ii) Value of owned Seed Kg. 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 Manure 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fertilizers
N Kg. 38 7 444.6 95 11.7 1111.5
P Kg. 18.2 28 1092 45.5 60 2730
6
K Kg. 19.2 25 620.16 48 32.3 1550.4
iv) Water - Soluble Kg. 0 0 0 0 0 0
v) Micronutrient Kg. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Insecticide
i) Pesticides ml. 0 0 0 0 0 0
ii) Fungicide (Carbriotop) gm. 600 2.44 1464 1500 2.44 3660
7
iii) Weedicide ( Goal) ml. 180 2.8 504 450 2.8 1260
iv) Hormonal Spray (lihocin) ml 200 1.2 240 500 1.2 600
v) insecticide (karate) ml. 250 0.8 200 625 0.8 500
49
 Table No. 3.31 PER HECTARE COST OF CULTIVATION
8 Irrigation Charges Rs. 5,317.92 13294.8
9 Incidental Charges Rs. 343.75 859.375
Sr. Value Value % Share in
Item of Cost Unit Quantity Rate/Unit
No. (Rs./Plot) (Rs./Ha.) Cost C3
Hired Human Labour
Day
1 a) Male s 5 300 1500 3750 1.214313128
Day
b) Female s 30 250 7500 18750 6.071565641
Day
i) Hired Bullock Labour s 0 0 0 0 0
2
ii) Owned Bullock Day
Labour s 0 0 0 0 0
i) Hired Machinery Hou
0 0 0 0 0
Used r
3
ii) Owned Machinery Hou
Used r 7 800 5600 14000 4.533435679

i) Seed Purchased Kg. 3 2000 6000 15000 4.857252513

4
ii) Value of owned Seed Kg. 0 0 0 0 0
5 Manure 0 0 0 0 0
Fertilizers
N Kg. 38 7 444.6 1111.5 0.359922411
P Kg. 18.2 28 1092 2730 0.884019957
6
K Kg. 19.2 25 620.16 1550.4 0.50204562
iv) Water - Soluble Kg. 0 0 0 0 0
v) Micronutrient Kg. 0 0 0 0 0
Insecticide
i) Pesticides ml. 0 0 0 0 0
ii) Fungicide
gm.
(Carbriotop) 600 2.44 1464 3660 1.185169613
7
iii) Weedicide ( Goal) ml. 180 2.8 504 1260 0.408009211
iv) Hormonal Spray
Lit.
(lihocin) ml 200 1.2 240 600 0.194290101
v) insecticide (karate) ml. 250 0.8 200 500 0.161908417
8 Irrigation Charges Rs. 5317.92 13294.8 4.305080047
9 Incidental Charges Rs. 343.75 859.375 0.278280092
Repairs on implement &
Rs.
10 Machinery 200 500 0.161908417
Crop Insurance
Rs.
11 Premium 0 0 0
12 Miscellaneous Expenses Rs. 0 0 0
Total Working Capital
Rs. 50
13 (Total 1 to 12) 31026.43 77566.075 25.11720085
Interest on Working
Capital @ Prevailing
14 Rs. 0 0 0
Bank Rate for full Crop
Period
Table No.3.31 -Gives the information about the per hector cost of cultivation .it include all the cost
i.e. Cost A1, Cost A2, Cost B1, Cost B2, Cost C1, Cost C2

Table No. 3.32 YIELD OF ONION

Sr.
Item of Yield Unit Quantity Rate/Unit Value (Rs./Plot) Value (Rs./Ha)
No.

1 Main Product Qtl. 170 1350 229500 573750

2 By Product Qtl. 0 0 0 0
Gross Income 229500 573750
Table no.3.32 reveals the information about the Yield and value of the
produce. Total Gross income is 22950

Table No.3.33 Analytical tools or estimated income measures used

Income Measures Formula Total (Rs.)

Farm Business Income (F.B.I) Gross Income - Cost A1 196153.07

Owned Farm Business Income
Family Labour Income (F.L.I)
Net Income (N.I)
Farm Investment Income
(F.I.I)
Intensive Income
Benefit - Cost Ratio
Gross Income - Cost A2 196153.07
Gross Income - Cost B2 119203.07
Gross Income - Cost C3 105973.377
194153.07
F.B.I - Imputed Value of Family Labour
Net Income + Rental Value of Owned Land
182923.377
+ Interest on Fixed Capital
Gross Income ÷ Cost C3 1.857899086

Cost of Production (Cost C3 - Value of By Product) ÷ Yield (in 726.6271941

qtl.)
(Cost C3 - Value of By Product) ÷ Area (in
Cost of Cultivation 308816.5575
Ha.)

51
 4. Maize (0.40ha)

Crop: Maize Variety: ADV-759 Season: Kharif Area: 0.40 ha

Table No.3.34

Per Plot Per Hectare

Sr. No. Rate Value Rate Value

Item of Cost Unit Qty (Rs.) (Rs.) Qty (Rs) (Rs.)

1. Hired Human Labour

a) Male Days 7 300 2100 17.5 300 5250
b)Female Days 5 250 1250 12.5 250 3125
2. i) Hired Bullock labour Days - - - - - -
ii) Owned Bullock labour Days - - - - - -
3. i) Hired Machinery Used Hour 1 800 800 2.5 800 2000
ii) Owned Machinery Used Hour 6 800 4800 15 800 12000
4. i) Seed Purchased Kg. 8 400 3200 20 400 8000
ii) Value of owned seed Kg. - - - - - -
5. Manure Trolly 0 0 0 0 0 0
6. Fertilizers
i Nitrogen (N:46%) Kg. 44 7 514.8 110 7 1278
ii SSP ( P) Kg. 22 28 1320 55 28 3300
iii MOP (K) Kg. 15.2 25 490.96 38 25 1227.4
iv Water-soluble Kg. - - - - - -
v Micronutrient Kg. - - - - - -
7. Insecticides
i Pesticides ml. - - - - - -
ii Fungicide gm. - - - - - -
iii Weedicide ml. 30 45 1350 75 45 3375
iv Hormonal spray Lit. - - - - - -
v Other Lit. - - - - - -
8. Irrigation Charges Rs. 52- - 3464.04 - - 8660.1
9. Incidental Charges Rs. - - 343.75 - - 859.375
Table No.3.34 -Shows the information about Input used for per plot Of Maize crop by
farmer

53
 Per hector cost of cultivation
Table No 3.35

Rate/
Value(Rs %
Unit Value
Sr. Item of Cost Unit Quantity Share in
./Plot) (Rs./ha.
No. (Rs) Cost
) C3
1. Hired Human Labour
a) Male Days 7 300 2100 5250 4.56812
b)Female Days 5 250 1250 3125 2.7191
2. I) Hired Bullock labour Days - - - - 0
ii) Owned Bullock labour Days - - - - 0
3. i) Hired Machinery Used Hour 1.7402
1 800 800 2000
3
ii) Owned Machinery Used Hour 6 800 4800 12000 10.4414
Value of Seed (Purchased
4. &Owned) Kg. 6.9609
8 400 3200 8000
5
Manure (Both owned
5. andhired) Trolly 1 3500 3500 8750 7.61354
6. Fertilizers - - - - -
i N Kg. 1.1198
44 7 514.8 1287 4
ii P Kg. 22 28 1320 3300 2.87139
iii K Kg. 1.0679
15.2 25 490.96 1227.4 8
iv Water-soluble Kg. - - - - 0
v Micronutrient Kg. - - - - 0
7. Insecticides - - - - - -
i Pesticides ml. - - - - 0
ii Fungicide gm. - - - - 0
iii Weedicide ml. 2.9366
30 45 1350 3375 5
iv Hormonal spray Lit. - - - - 0
v Other Lit. - - - - 0
8. Irrigation Charges Rs. - - 3464.04 8660.1 7.535320
9. Incidental Charges Rs. - - 343.75 859.375 0.747758
Repairs on implements and
10. machinery Rs. - - 0.4350
200 500 5
11. Crop Insurance Premium Rs. - - 0 0 0

54
 12. Miscellaneous expenses Rs. - - 0.4350
200 500 5
Total Working Capital
13. (Total of 1to12) Rs. - - 23533.55 58833.8 51.1924
Interest on Working Capital
14. @ Rs. 0
prevailing bank rate for full - - 0 0
Crop Period
15. Land Revenue & Other Rs. - - 0 0 0
cesses
Depreciation on Implements,
16. Rs.
Machinery & Building - -
2320.5 5801.25 5.0477

17. Cost A1 (13+14+15+16) Rs. - - 25854.05 64635.12 56.2402

18. Rent Paid for Leased in - - - - -

Land
19. Cost A2 (17+18) Rs. - - 25854.05 64635.12 56.2402

Interest on Fixed Capital

20. Excluding land(10% on Rs. 4837.5 12093.75 10.523005
- -
Fixed Investment)
Amortization Value in Case - - - - 0
21. Rs.
of Fruit Crops
22. Cost B1 (17+20+21) Rs. - - 30691.55 76728.87 66.763278
Rental Value of own land
23. (1/6thof gross Return – Land Rs. 10100 25250 21.970513
- -
Revenue)
24. Cost B2 (18+22+23) Rs. - - 40791.55 101978.8 88.73379
Imputed Value of Family
25. Labour Rs. - - 2.175298
1000 2500 3
26. Cost C1 (22+25) Rs. - - 31691.55 79228.87 68.938577
27. Cost C2 (24+25) Rs. - - 41791.55 104478.8 90.909090
Managerial Allowance
28. (10% of cost C2) Rs. - - 4179.155 10447.88 9.090909
Cost C3 (27+28) i.e.
29. Total Cost Rs. - - 45970.705 114926.7 100
62

This Table No 3.35 reveals per hectare cost of cultivation of Maize crop Farmer had
cultivated the ADV-759 variety of Maize crop on 0.40 Ha area. The total cost required for
55
 cultivate Maize crop on 0.40Ha area is Rs.45970.70 In total cost C3

Table No 3.36
YIELD: Maize Crop

Crop: Maize Variety: ADV-759 Season: Kharif Area: 0.40 ha

Rate/ Value Value

Sr.No. Item of Yield Unit Quantity
Unit (Rs./Plot) (Rs./ha.)
(Rs)

1. Main Product Qtl

23 2200 50600 126500

2. By Product Qtl

40 250 10000 25000

Gross Income 60600 151500

This Table No 3.36 gives information about yield of Maize crop. Farmer produces 23Qtl. of
main and 40Qtl of by product. The gross income received by farmer is Rs 60600 from 0.40H

56
 Analytical tools or estimated income measures used

Table 3.37

Income Measures Formula

Total (Rs.)
Farm Business Income (F.B.I.)
Gross Income - Cost A1
34745.95

Owned Farm Business Income Gross Income- Cost A2

34745.95
Family Labour Income (F.L.I.) Gross Income - Cost B2
19808.45
Net Income (N.I.) Gross Income - Cost C3
14629.295

Farm Investment Income (FII) FBI - Imputed Value of Family labour

33745.95

Net Income + Rental Value of Owned Land

Intensive Income
+ Interest on fixed capital
29566.795

Benefit -Cost Ratio Gross Income ÷ Cost C3

1.318230817

(Cost C3 - Value of by Product)

Cost of Production
÷ Yield (in qtl.)
1563.943696

(Cost C3 -Value of by Product)

Cost of Cultivation
÷ Area (in Ha.)
89926.7625

57
 Marketing Channel

Onion

Farmer
Farmer

Wholesaler Retailer

Retailer Consumer

Consumer

58
G Yield – 50 q
No of crates -50 q
Table no. 4.1

Channel no :1 Channel no : 2
Sr. No Particulars
Rs / Quintal Rs / Quintal
Cost incurred by
A
Producer
1. Cost of gunny bags 30 30
2. Labour for sorting 20 20
Labour for loading
3. 25 25
and unloading
4. Transportation cost 30 30

Subtotal 105 105

B Wholesaler
2. Transportation 30
loading unloading
3. 20
charges
4. Storage charges 12

Subtotal 62
D) Retailer
Transportation 15 20

Loading unloading 12 15
Spoilage /storage 7 10

Sub- total 34 45

59
 1. Producer’s Price = Selling Price - Cost Incurred by Producer
2. Market Margin = Selling Price – (Purchased Price + Cost Incurred)
3. Producer Share in Consumer Rupee = Price Received by Producer × 100
Price Paid by Consumer
4. Price Spread = Price Paid by Consumer – Price Received by Producer
Table No.4.2

Channel no :1 Channel no : 2
Sr. No Particulars
Rs / Quintal Rs / Quintal

A) Producer

1. Gross Price Received 1350 1350

2. Marketing Cost 105 105

3. Net Price Received 1245 1245

B) Wholesaler

1. Purchase price 1350

2. Marketing cost 62

3. Selling price per quintal 1562

4. Market margin 150

D) Retailer

1. Purchase price 1562 1350

60
2. Marketing cost 34 45

3. Selling price per quintal 1796 1645

4. Market margin 200 250

Consumer Purchase Price/

C Retailer Selling Price Per 1796 1645
Quintal of onion

D Total Cost Incurred 201 150

Percent Share in Consumer

E - -
Price (%)

F Price Spread (C p- P p) 551 400

Producer Share in Consumer

H 75.17 82.1
Price %

61
 SWOT Analysis
STRENGTH –

a. Diversity in climatic condition

b. Varity of crop

WEAKNESS –

a. Lack of timely availability of capital

b. Seasonal product
c. High cost of input
d. High middleman margin

OPPORTUNITY –

a. Adaption of latest crop and variety

b. Improved technology
c. Adaption of government scheme
d. Setting up Agri Allied Business

THREAT –

a. Climatic factor
b. Attack of pest and disease
c. Rise and fall in prices of input and product

62
 Summary and Conclusion

 Total area of the farmer is 2.20 ha

 Gross area of farmer is 3.20 ha

 10 member body in gram panchayat

 2338 male and 2125 female in the village

 Total 494 house is in the village

 Farmer grow wheat onion in Rabi ,Maize and Soyabean in Kharif.

 Total gross income of previous year is 6,22,100

 Cropping Intensity is 160% .

 Gram panchayat run different scheme for development of village

 BCR Ratio for wheat is 1.24

 BCR Ratio for soyabean 1.29

 BCR Ratio for onion is 1.8557

 BCR Ratio for Maize is 1.3182

63
 Conclusion –

Village attachment programme help the student to know about the cropping pattern of
the farmer and to collect the data. From the above data which we have collected in last 7
week in the RAWE programme we can conclude that the tomato is crop which is more
beneficial to the farmer ,but there are so many factor which affect the cost of cultivation
and the income source of the farmer i.e. cost of input , selling price of farmer ,
environmental factor , Quality of yield etc.

From this programme we came to know the cost of cultivation of the crop which is grow
by the farmer in there field, we got an information about the village member team ,No of
houses in village , sex ratio, road , Temples ,Scheme for the development of the village
etc.

This programme help me to improve my communication skill with the farmer and other
people. This help me to build my confidence level and to improve technical skill with the
help of this programme we got the knowledge about the farmer skill which they are using
in there farm to grow the crop ,use of fertilizer there dose etc. .

64
 Photo Gallery

Host Farmer Soyabean Plot Of Shri.Rajendra Khairnar

Grampanchayat Office Of Kashti

65
Spraying Of Weedicide On Maize Crop

Tree Plantation

66
E- Pik Pahani

67
Independence Day Celebrate At Kashti

68
Attack Of Army Worm On Maize Crop Of Host Farmer Field

69
Participate In Bailpola Festival At Kashti

70
STUDENT “READY” PROGRAMME - 2023-24

71
72