U verbs/Group 1

Root Masu
Masen
Present/future (Present/future Past English
(polite negative)
polite)

to work

*to go

to return home
/ to go home

to drink

to read

to buy

to listen

to write

to take (a
picture)

to meet

to smoke

to cut

to finish

to learn
 to lend

to receive

to laugh

to hand over

to scold

to sing

to dance

to play (piano,
gitar)

to cry

to get angry

to say

to speak / to
talk

to stand up

to sit down

to put out

to live

to make

to sell
 to use

to play

to cost / to
take (time)

to hurry

to get hungry

to get thirsty

to turn off

To understand

To ride

To walk

To run

To wait

To die

To rest
 Ru verbs /Group 2
-

Masu Masen
Root
[Present/future (polite Past English
Present/future
polite] negative)

to wake up

to sleep

to eat

to watch /
see / look

to show

to go out

to take (a
shower)

to make a
call

to start

to teach

to borrow

to give

to put in
 to be
enough

to work for

to open

to close

to turn on

To wear

To get
off/get
down
 Irreg/Suru verbs /Group 3

Root mashita
masu [formal] past English
Present/future [formal]

to study

to have a meal

to come

to play (sports)

to play

to do

to practice

to review

to marry

To depart