Warm up:

What is network and how to network

Idiom: Backbone of the network

Question: “How do you think what is network configurations and who typically use
them?”

Today we are gonna talk about Computer Networks and Network configuration.
Vocabulary:
1. Intermediary devices a. all computers that are connected to a
network and participate directly in network
communication.
2. End devices b. computers with software that allow them to
provide information, like email or web pages, to
other end devices on the network.
3. Servers c. the source or destination of a message
transmitted over the network with specific
address.

4. Hosts d. connect the individual end devices or multiple

individual networks to form internetwork.
5. Network Media e. the physical infrastructure that enables
communication between devices in a network.

Fill the gaps:

The network devices that people are most familiar with are _______1.
To distinguish one end device from another, each end device on a network has an ______2.
An end device is either the ______3or destination of a message transmitted over the network.
When an end device initiates communication, it uses the address of the _______4 end device to
specify where to deliver the message.
_______5 connect the individual end devices to the network. They can connect multiple individual
______6 to form an internetwork. These intermediary devices provide ______7 and ensure that
data flows across the network.
Communication transmits across a network on ______8. It provides the ______9 over which the
message travels from source to destination.
end devices source address intermediary devices media
networks channel destination connectivity
Connect descriptions with pictures:
Modern networks primarily use three types of media to interconnect devices:
1. Metal wires within cables - Data is encoded into electrical impulses.
2. Glass or plastic fibers within cables (fiber-optic cable) - Data is encoded into pulses of light.
3. Wireless transmission - Data is encoded via modulation of specific frequencies of
electromagnetic waves.
Network architects and administrators must be able to show what their networks will look like.
They need to be able to easily see which components connect to other components, where they
will be located, and how they will be connected. Diagrams of networks often use symbols, like those
shown in the figure, to represent the different devices and connections that make up a network.

Reading:
In multiaccess LANs, end devices (i.e., nodes) are interconnected using star or extended star
topologies. In this type of topology, end devices are connected to a central intermediary device, for
example, an Ethernet switch. An extended star extends this topology by interconnecting multiple
Ethernet switches. The star and extended topologies are easy to install, very scalable (easy to add
and remove end devices), and easy to troubleshoot. Early star topologies interconnected end
devices using Ethernet hubs.
At times there may be only two devices connected on the Ethernet LAN. An example is two
interconnected routers. This would be an example of Ethernet used on a point-to-point topology.

Early Ethernet and legacy Token Ring LAN technologies included two other types of topologies:

• Bus - All end systems are chained to each other and terminated in some form on each end.
Infrastructure devices such as switches are not required to interconnect the end devices.
Legacy Ethernet networks were often bus topologies using coax cables because it was
inexpensive and easy to set up.
 • Ring - End systems are connected to their respective neighbor forming a ring. The ring does
not need to be terminated, unlike in the bus topology. Legacy Fiber Distributed Data
Interface (FDDI) and Token Ring networks used ring topologies.

Which schema pictures which topology?

Grammar:
Relative clauses give us information about the person or thing mentioned.
Defining relative clauses give us essential information – information that tells us who or what we
are talking about.

The woman who lives next door works in a bank.

These are the flights that have been cancelled.

We usually use a relative pronoun or adverb to start a defining relative clause: who, which, that,
when, where or whose.

Sometimes we can leave out the relative pronoun. For example, we can usually leave out who,
which or that if it is followed by a subject.
The assistant [that] we met was really kind.
(we = subject, can omit that)
We can't usually leave it out if it is followed by a verb.
The assistant that helped us was really kind.
(helped = verb, can't omit that)
Non-defining relative clause gives us extra information about something. We don't need this
information to understand the sentence.
My father, who lives separate us, changes a job.
The movie by Steven Spielberg, which I have just seen, impressed me.
Unlike Defining relative clauses, it is separated by commas indicating that the information stated
can be dispensed with and the context of the phrase/sentence will not change.

Grammar test
Rewrite the sentences using the relative clauses:

Speaking:

“Imagine a scenario where you as a student encounter a network configuration challenge in

university or community.”