Sake! Vom Pharmaceutics-I (@aiit) (Subject Code: 2111) Section A (Q.1 to 0.10) 10 Very short questions of one mark each and all questions are compulsory. (The answer may be in one word, one number or 1 to 2 lines) Question 1. Question 2. Question3. Question 4. Question 5. Question 6. Question 7. Question 8. Question 9. Question 10. What Is the full form of B.P.C.? British Pharmaceutical Codex Fluid energy mill operates on which mechanism of size reduction? ‘Combined mechanism of impact and attrition Define linctuses. Viscous liquids with high concentration of sucrose for cough relief ‘The concentration of sucrose in simple syrup is % w/w. 66.67% w/w What is the full form of TAF? Toxoid Antitoxin Floccules 1 teacupful = mL. 120 mL 1 milligram = microgram. 1000 microgram Define sterilization. ‘A process of complete destruction of viable forms of microorganisms Define sublingual tablets. ‘These are designed to be kept under the tongue for rapid absorption of the drug through oral mucosa What is the meaning of 5% w/v dextrose solution? 5 g of dextrose dissolved in 100 mL of waterion B 7 Short que: Question 11. Question 12. Question 13. Question 14. 1 ns of 3 marks each out of which 5 are to be attempted. Why is the speed of ball mill critical for effective size reduction? ‘At the optimum speed, the centrifuging occurs, the balls in the mill are carried to the top and they fall in a cascade across the diameter of the mill resulting in the size reduction of the drug through impact and attrition. (May be supported by diagram — optional) Differentiate between gargles and mouthwashes one example each. { Gargles [These are aqueous solutions employed for local action in throat. form with directions for dilution with |Fhese are dispensed in concentrated | Mouthwashes | [These are liquid preparations for | treating oral infections _and bad | breath and providing feeling of | freshness. ‘These preparations are usually | supplied in concentrated form and | | Like-warm water before use. __ diluted before use. | Potassium chlorate & Phenol Gargle| Compound sodium chloride LBP.C. mouthwash B.P.C. Differentiate between sera and vaccines with one example each. en eee _ Sera Vaccines Fils defined as an amber-colored, | It is defined as a substance used to | protein-rich liquid that separates out stimulate the production of ‘when blood coagulates. | | antibodies and provide immunity against one or several diseases. Serum induces passive immunity which last for short time. ‘Vaccine induces active immunity which lasts for a long time. ‘Serum contains pre-formed / readymade antibodies which on injecting into the body immediately fights the infecting agents, Diptheria antitoxin, rabies tiserum When injected into the body | stimulates the production of antibodies which attack the infecting | agents in future. BCG Vaccine, Cholera Vaccine Differentiate between maceration and percolation. ‘Maceration placed / soaked in a solvent | (menstruum) in a closed vessel and allowed to stand for seven days with I Percolation Tn this process, the menstruum | Vit is the process in which the drug Is passes slowly through the drug column under the Influence of | gravity dissolving a particular occasional shaking. | component. J[The menstruum is strained, marc is |The extract obtained is clear and | pressed (only in case of organized | does not require filtration | | drugs) and the extract is clarified by] | filtration. u | S Eg, Tea Bags —__[Eg., Brewing Coffee Question 15. Which process will be used to separate two miscible liquids and why? Fractional distillation / rectification is used to separate two miscible liquids. The principle of fractional distillation is that different liquids boil at different temperature. The miscible liquids boil at different temperature and evaporate at different temperature. When the mixture is heated, the liquid with lower boiling point boils and turns into vapors which results in separation of the components of the mixture with the help of fractionating column. The function of the fractionating column is to facilitate condensation of the vapors of I volatile component into the still, whereas the vapors of more volatile component pass through the condenser and are collected in the receiver. Question 16. What are the ideal characteristics of a container? i. These must protect the preparation from the environmental conditions. Il, These should be non-reactive towards the product. ili, These should not leach their color, odor or taste to the product. iv. These should be non-toxi These must meet legal requirements of FDA. vi, These must possess enough strength to withstand temperatures variation during transportation and move smoothly in the high speed packaging machinery. v Question 17, Describe any three factors affecting size reduction. Any three out of the following may be elaborated in detail: i. Hardness ll. Toughness ili, Abrasiveness iv. Stickiness v. Softening Temperature Material Structure Moisture Content Physiological Effect Purity x. _ Ratio of Feed Size to Product Size