Organ transplantations are very critical, and hence the success depends

on factors like matching the blood type, size of the organ, how long the
patient has been waiting, how severe is their condition and the
geographical distance between the donor and the recipient

Most noteworthy, a single donor can save up to eight lives.

Organ donation can also improve the quality of life of many people.
An eye transplant could mean the ability to see again for a blind
person. Similarly, donating organs could mean removing the
depression and pain of others. Most noteworthy, organ donation
could also remove the dependency on costly routine treatments.

give the recipient the opportunity of a longer and better quality of life.
The vital organs are those that a person needs to survive. A problem with any of these
organs can quickly become life threatening. It is not possible to live without these organs.
That said, in the case of the paired kidneys and lungs, a person can live without one of the
pair

Solid organ transplantations save lives in patients affected by terminal organ failures and
improve quality of life. Solid organ transplant programs provide excellent results in children
and young adults and are increasingly challenged by the expanding proportion of elderly
transplant patients. Solid organ transplant program activity has been growing in the last two
decades, and is essential for developed and mature health care systems.

Go to:

In most cases, a person will die if they do not have an organ transplant. On
average, 20 people die each day waiting for an organ.

In other cases, an organ transplant improves a person’s quality of life, such

as by removing the need for dialysis or restoring sight with a cornea
transplant.

Because people who need organs typically have very serious illnesses,
they may be very sick before the transplant.
The process will begin when a doctor puts a person on the organ transplant
list. This requires a doctor to examine the person, diagnose a serious
medical condition, and conclude that they are a suitable candidate for an
organ transplant.

Organ transplantation is a complex process that requires a close match

between the recipient and donor. The donor and recipient must have
compatible blood types, for example.

Depending on the organ involved, other factors may also be relevant. For
example, kidney donors and their recipients must have compatible
antibodies and similar body sizes.

Cause of failure of Liver :

Hepatitis B & C

Test

Heart : They will evaluate you on a physical and a mental level. This
team is usually made of a cardiologist, a cardiovascular surgeon, a
transplant coordinator, a social worker, a dietician, and a psychiatrist.
An assessment of your finances will be performed, and expect for you
and your family to be interviewed (this is just procedure to see whether
or not you have a good support system at home). Your medical
examination will consist of tests to determine your overall physical
condition. These tests can include but are not limited to: an
EKG, echocardiogram, cardiac catheterization, liver tests, kidney
tests, blood tests, skin tests, tests for cancer, exercise tests, dental
examinations, pulmonary function tests, and tissue and blood typing to
help prevent rejection. Other tests may also be performed to complete
a more thorough examination.

Lung: These tests include but are not limited to: a 6-minute walk, EKG,
Cardiac Catheterization, nuclear cardiology studies,
electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, chest CT scan, blood work, bone
density test, pulmonary function tests, and any others your team finds
necessary to complete a thorough evaluation. Your financial resources
will also be assessed to see if you meet the program requirements.

Risk in lung :

The purpose of your body’s immune system is to fight off any foreign bodies, such as bacteria or
viruses that may bring you illness. Your new transplant lungs will be considered “foreign” by
your body and as such your body’s immune system will produce anti-bodies in an attempt to
destroy them. This process is known as rejection. To prevent rejection, your doctor will put you
on medication that will help slow and control this process. These same drugs will likely weaken
your immune system, leaving you more susceptible to infection. Rejection and infection are two
of the major risks associated with transplantation. Other risks may result from long-term use of
the post-surgery medications you will be taking. Problems that may arise are diabetes, kidney
damage, and high cholesterolhi

Heart : The purpose of your body’s immune system is to fight off any foreign bodies, such as
bacteria or viruses that may bring you illness. Your body will consider your new donor heart as
“foreign,” and as such your body’s immune system will produce anti-bodies in an attempt to
destroy them. This process is known as rejection. In order to prevent rejection, you will be put on
medication by your doctor that will help slow and control this process. These same drugs will
likely weaken your immune system, therefore leaving you more susceptible to infection.
Rejection and infection are two of the major risks associated with transplantation. Other risks
may result from long-term use of the post-surgery medications you will be taking. Hardening of
the arteries may also occur post-transplant and may lead to further surgery.

Kidney : Risks may include kidney rejection, infection, bleeding, blood clots, heart attack, stroke,
damage to other organs, reaction to the anesthesia (which may include problems breathing), and
failure of the donor kidney.
There are different levels of rejection preceding transplant. After kidney transplantation, your
body will reject the kidney to some extent because your body sees the new organ as a foreign
object that it isn’t used to. It will take some time for the body to fully accept the new kidney. A
recipient can function quite well if there is a small amount of rejection in the kidney. However, if
the new liver is failing fatally, then a second or even third transplant may occur. Anti rejection
medication is also distributed to help the new kidney function.

Skin transplantation has a long history probably beginning in the sixth century BCE or in ancient
India a medical text from that time called the Sushruta Samhita describes a form of plastic
surgery of the nose or rhinoplasty that required rotating a flap of skin from the cheek or forehead
onto the nose while leaving the base attached to keep it supplied by the original blood vessel,once
the graft takes hold it is severed and sculpted into a new nose. This was used to replace the nose
who has lost them in sword fight example. Plastic surgery was considered to be very respectful at
that moment.after 2000 yrs later the operation were performed by artisan surgeons.

-=========

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S074907040800078X

Solid organ transplantation is one of the most remarkable and dramatic

therapeutic advances in medicine during the past 60 years. This field has
progressed initially from what can accurately be termed a “clinical
experiment” to routine and reliable practice, which has proven to be
clinically effective, life-saving and cost-effective. This remarkable evolution
stems from a serial confluence of: cultural acceptance; legal and political
evolution to facilitate organ donation, procurement and allocation;
technical and cognitive advances in organ preservation, surgery,
immunology, immunosuppression; and management of infectious diseases.
Some of the major milestones of this multidisciplinary clinical science are
reviewed in this article.

https://slideplayer.com/slide/5755805/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJavx_SwWr4

History very well explained by this doctor

============

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oOJ-W2R0xhU