- ELEN3024 -

Communication Fundamentals
Introduction to Communication Systems
School of Electrical and Information Engineering
University of Witwatersrand

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 Communication Systems
• Communication system is system that is capable of transferring of
information between source and destination

• Transfer can be through:

o Point to point single link
o Point to multi point (broadcast)
o Point to point through a network.

• Information can be
o Analogue
o Digital

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 Communication systems
• Types of Communication systems are:
o Analogue
o Digital

• Examples of communication systems or concepts

o TV broadcasting
o Radio broadcasting
o Teleconferencing
o Telephone
o Data communications between links
o Mobile cellular
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 Elements of a Communication System
• Transmitter
o Filtering
o Modulation
o Amplification

• Receiver
o Filtering
o Demodulation
o Amplification

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 Elements of Digital Communication System

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 Communication Channel
• A communications channel can be defined as a pathway over which
information can be conveyed.
o Wireline (Twisted pair)
o Coaxial cable
o Optic Fibre cable
o Visible Light Communication (VLC) channels

• Communication Modes
o Simplex – Radio Broadcasting
o Half Duplex – Telephone calls
o Full Duplex – Modern Communication systems

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 Channel Capacity
• According to Shannon’s theory, the capacity of a channel are affected
by three constraints – bandwidth, power and noise (plus
interference). The channel capacity can be mathematically
represented as follows:

𝑃
𝐶 = 𝑊 log 2 1+ 𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑠/𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑊𝑁0

Where 𝑃 is average transmitted power, 𝑊 is the bandwidth and 𝑁0 is

the power spectral density of the additive noise.

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