Chapter 1
characteristics.
Why do we study this subject?
- Mandated by R.A 1425
The “Rizal Law”
- Authored by Claro M. Recto
R.A 1425
Sec 1: his works and writings shall be
included in the curricula of all
schools, colleges and universities,
public or private.
Sec 2: obligatory to all schools to
have an adequate number of copies
of the 2 novels of rizal.
Sec 3: The board of National
Education shall cause the
translation.
Sec 4: prohibits the discussion of
religious doctrines by public school
teachers and other person engaged
in any public school.
Sec 5: 300,000 Php. Is hereby
authorized to be appropriated out of
any fund not otherwise
appropriated in the National
Treasury.
Sec 6: This act shall take effect upon
its approval.
Nationalism and its faces
The term ‘nation’ implies a group of
people identified as sharing any
number of real or perceived
These people have identified
themselves and persons who
belonged to one group with the
same desire to remain as a group.
“Nationalism”
signifies attitude, sentiment, and
behavior of the people who
identified themselves as a “nation”.
It consequently signifies the desire
of a nation to self-determination.
Nationalism is generally associated
with patriotism, and can also lead to
chauvinism (biased devotion),
imperialism, racism, xenophobia,
militarism, and Fascism.
Nationalism is an imagined political
community that us imagined as both
inherently limited and sovereign.
(it is imagined because members will never know most of
their fellow-members yet in the minds of each live the
image of their communion.)
(it is limited because it has finite, though elastic,
boundaries beyond which lies other nations.)
(it is sovereign because it came to maturity as a stage of
human history when freedom was a rare and precious
ideal.)
-Benedict Anderson
Features of Nationalism indicates culturally
defined identity imploring political
representation, legitimacy, or power.
1. Involves a strong identification of
society and the state. Often, it is
 the belief that an ethnic group 8. Liberal: liberal democracies need
has a right to statehood. national identity in order to
2. Used to describe a movement to function properly.
establish or protect a homeland 9. Religious: shared religion
for an ethnic group. 10. Pan: Ethnic or cultural
3. Nationalism is sometimes nationalism applies to a nation.
reactionary 11. Diaspora: where there is a
4. Nationalism emphasizes nationalist feeling among a
collective identity. diaspora, (an ethnic population
living outside their traditional
Types of nationalism
homelands)
1. Ethnic: defined in terms of 12. Stateless: an ethnic or cultural
ethnicity. minority within a nation-state
2. Civic: derives political legitimacy seeks independence on
from the active participation of nationalist grounds.
its citizenry 13. National Conservatism: a
3. State: a variant of civic, the political term to describe a
nation is assumed to be a variant of Conservatism which
community of those who concentrates more on national
contribute to the maintenance interests than standard
and strength of the state. Conservatism.
4. Expansionist: a radical form of
imperialism that incorporates
autonomous, patriotic
sentiments with a belief in
expansionism (military
aggression)
5. Romantic: a form of ethnic, the
state derives political legitimacy
as a natural consequence and
expression of the nation.
6. Cultural: Defined by shared
culture.
7. Third world: nationalist
sentiments result from
resistance to colonial domination
in order to survive.