N0.

2
2012

INTERNATIONAL MAGAZINE ON DISTRICT HEATING AND COOLING

The diversity
of biomass
Coverphoto © BWSC

DBDH - direct access to

district heating technology
www.dbdh.dk
CONTENTS

Focus The diversity of biomass

4 The column

5 Hundreds of Pages to Project Success

HOT|COOL is published
four times a year by:
10 Probably the world’s fastest implementation
DBDH
of an automatic meter reading project
Stæhr Johansens Vej 38
13 District humor
DK-2000 Frederiksberg
Phone +45 3818 5440
14 The harvest ends up in the radiator
dbdh@dbdh.dk
www.dbdh.dk
16 Utilizing local bio-resources in Solrød Municipality
Editor-in-Chief:
19 Renewable energy in the District Heating system in
Lars Gullev, VEKS
Greater Copenhagen
Coordinating Editor:
22 Biomass - a renewable and flexible energy source
Kathrine Windahl, DBDH
for heating towns

24 Results of the project TACIS ERUS 9404 in Tula

Total circulation:
7,000 copies in
26 LATEST NEWS
50 countries

28 MEMBER COMPANY PROFILE: AEROVIT

ISSN 0904 9681
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30 LIST OF MEMBERS
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Photo © BWSC

www.dbdh.dk

E N E R G Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N T
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The column
By Peter Heymann Andersen, Director, Ramboll Energy Power, and Board Member of DBDH
We cannot sustain the standard of living we have today
without access to a reliable generation and distribution
of electricity and heat. Hence, we must find the talent and
resources to develope our energy supply systems. The
major challenge today is to convert our energy system to
a direct or indirect solar driven supply. In Europe this is
mainly wind, biomass, photovoltaics (PV), wave energy, tidal
and hydropower for electricity production and additionally
solar thermal and geothermal heat supply. Currently, wind,
biomass, PV and solar heating are of a scale to be of interest
in our future energy system.
It is important to realize that there are limits to how much
the various types of energy can offer. Thus it is equally
important to be aware of the efficiency on the consumption
side and to focus on the efficiency in the production side.
Similarly, we have to realize that in particular the electricity
supply is Just In Time (JIT) and in our part of the world it is
demand driven; i.e. the supply must match the demand. The
type of power plants best suited for balancing supply with
demand are the thermal coal/oil/gas fired power plants
either based on a steam turbine, a gas turbine or both.
Therefore firing such plants with biomass instead of the
fossil fuels serves several purposes: the technological risk
is low, the economic risk is low, most of the infrastructure
can be maintained, and the ability to balance supply and
demand is also maintained.
One of the questions that we have found an answer to in
Denmark is on the size of the biomass plant: small plants
scattered all over the country to use a local biomass
resource with less electrical efficiency (maybe 30%) and
some larger plants using imported, industrialised biomass in
large quantities and generating power with a substantially
larger electrical efficiency (maybe 45%); in both cases the
energy utilization is high (85-95%) due to the coupling to a
district heating network. Biomass is a valuable resource and
as such conversion with the highest possible efficiency to
electricity is a goal; also, in order to recover the remaining
energy, a combined power and heat production with high
energy utilization is the only option.
Residual waste is often considered a renewable fuel due to
the fact that it contains some biomass, and can substitute
fossil fuels; further, if not used for energy purposes, it will
end up in a landfill where the biomass part will decompose
(rot) anyway. However, waste has some components that
reduce the possibilities for achieving a high electrical
efficiency. The combination with a DH system is therefore
important for WtE plants in order to increase the energy
efficiency and secure a low gate fee.
Although the use of biomass has been an active business
area for more than 20 years, we have seen few technological
barriers. The anticipated changes in the Danish Heat Supply
Act have started a process of converting major power
plants from fossil fuel firing to biomass firing. The process
began with the use of wood pellets on the Avedøre 2 power
station in Copenhagen, and with the continued focus on the
opportunities Denmark expects to get more than 1000 MW
high efficiency biomass fired electric power as CHP within
the next few years. The biomass stories in this issue of
Hot|Cool show that there is an intensive development to
improve both the growing of biomass and the technologies
to improve the efficiency of the conversion to power and
heat.
The high degree of PV solar and wind energy input to the
power system is expected to create large fluctuations
in our power systems. Hence, well functioning district
heating systems and thermal plants will continue to be the
important backbone of the energy system and would need
to be and integrated part of a smarter grid.
Our energy challenges can only be solved through integrated
solutions considering our energy system as a whole. The
experience from the district heating area demonstrates
that it is possible to create system based solutions to the
mutual benefit of environment, society, consumers and
producers.
E N E R G Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N T

By James R. Adams, PE – Director of Utilities, Cornell University
Hundreds of Pages
to Project Success
Cornell CHP plant from the inside
While engineering brilliance, financial acumen, and astute
administrative skills are necessities to a successful energy
project, more visceral characteristics may be equally
important: tenacity, patience, and perseverance. For while a
complex energy project is full of technical challenges, some
of the biggest challenges lie in overcoming the myriad of
environmental and contractual hurdles. A host of parties will
be involved, from administrators to regulatory agencies to
utility companies – some of which may be distrustful of even
your best intentions or, even worse, competitors who stand to
lose money if you are successful. In this article, I will touch on
some of the complex agreements and negotiations that helped
Cornell become more energy efficient and, in the process,
reduce our greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions more than 25%.
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Background:
Cornell University is located approximately 370 km (230 miles)
northwest of metropolitan New York City in rural upstate New
York. The 302 hectare (745 acre) campus is situated on a hill
between deep gorges overlooking Cayuga Lake. It consists of
approximately 250 buildings totaling 1.3 million square meters
(14 million square feet) of facilities for teaching, research
and engagement. The campus is served by district energy
systems for heating, cooling and electricity. For decades,
Cornell’s Department of Energy and Sustainability has strived
to create a highly efficient and sustainable system. Among
the many innovative projects completed is the Lake Source
Cooling system which began operation in 2000. This deep lake
cooling system cools all of campus. Cornell University, which
has pledged to reduce its GHG emissions, ultimately to zero
over 40 years, then focused on its power and heating systems
as the next step to improved energy reliability, economy, and
sustainability.
The Project:
In 2003, Cornell engineers conceived of a new 30 MW combined
heat and power (CHP) system that would burn natural gas
and supply the campussteam for heating and electricity. This
project, now completed (operational in late 2009), included
many sustainable features, including unique dual-temperature
heat recovery steam generators that help extract additional
energy from the system while maintaining the high-pressure
steam for existing steam turbines, an ability to “island” if
needed due to local weather emergencies, and extensive
emissions controls. Once approved and funded internally, the
duration of project to completion was approximately 4 years.
There were many factors, technical and otherwise, that were
critical to the successful project.
The Challenge:
The world of district energy is dominated by engineers who
love the challenge of interconnecting equipment, piping and
wires to create sophisticated, ultra-efficient production
and distribution facilities. But there is a realm unfamiliar to
most which entails an equal amount of attention in order
to be successful. These are the contractual and regulatory
aspects of our projects. For Cornell’s project this resulted in
hundreds of pages of formal permits and contract documents
– not including all of the informal or internal communication
documents . Unfortunately, these processes don’t follow the
laws of physics and often times they are not even rationally
constructed. The long term success of any project depends
on successfully maneuvering through a myriad of permits
and contracts to be allowed to purchase equipment, begin
www.dbdh.dk
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Hundreds of Pages to Project Success
construction, have an adequate fuel supply, begin production
and ultimately sell our products for the best value. Cornell
was able to complete all of the contractual and regulatory
agreements necessary (46 total) to attain all project goals,
but the path forward was often unclear or even unknown.
Setting the last stack section
Environmental Permits
Environmental permits are perhaps the most closely linked to
the technical aspects of any project. A full suite of detailed
information is needed to complete permit applications. This
means that before you can finish an application, you must
know the specific equipment you intend to purchase. You
must have exact technical and design details including a full
set of emission guarantees. These are normally the result of
the design effort of the equipment manufacturer, commonly
called vendor engineering. You may be asked to commit to
emission limits for which the manufacturer is unwilling to give a
guarantee. In this case, careful investigation and analysis must
be performed to assure that proposed permit limits can be
attained. Then there’s the timing. Permits often take over a
year or more from application to receipt of a permit. Cornell’s
air permit took over a year to prepare and 11 months to obtain,
despite the fact that the plant was dramatically reducing
both harmful emissions and GHGs compared to existing
equipment. Releasing the equipment supplier to manufacture
the equipment is risky and possibly not allowed without an air
emission permit in hand. Demolition and site preparation are
normally allowed but starting the installation of foundations
is not allowed prior to receipt of the final permit to construct.
All of this requires careful timing of equipment procurement
and construction contracts to avoid extra project costs and/
or delays.
Got Fuel?
Securing a reliable and cost effective natural gas supply is
essential to success. First, the method of physical delivery
must be determined. Supply can come from the local utility
or directly from an interstate pipeline. This decision happens
in a complex legal/regulatory environment which may involve
the state’s utility regulator and the Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission (FERC). It is wise to get legal counsel familiar
with both of these environments. Normally, if the utility can
demonstrate that they can provide the gas supply system in a
cost effective manner they have the right to serve the project.
If the utility cannot provide the infrastructure cost effectively,
then connecting directly to an interstate pipeline can be
considered if there is one located nearby. Other key drivers in
this decision are the gas pressure required and land availability.
Strategically obtaining required right-of–ways is critical. If
high pressure gas is available costly gas compressors can be
avoided. In Cornell’s case a 5.15 km (3.2 mile) pipeline carrying
3800 kPa (550 psi) gas was constructed to serve the facility.
View of CEP (Photo by jonreis photography)
The construction of this pipeline involved a contracting
process with the interstate pipeline company which is
regulated by FERC. First, a Precedent Agreement (PA) was
developed. The PA defines the boundary conditions for the
connection to the interstate pipeline such as the date the
pipeline must first deliver gas, the quantity and term of firm or
interruptible capacity required, the supply and receipt points,
the pressure requirements and the transportation tariff to be
applied. Each one of these items must be carefully considered
with a long term view in mind. This agreement commits the
project to pay delivery costs for the transport of gas and the
cost of any infrastructure improvements in the interstate
pipeline company’s system necessary to make the connection
and serve the new load. This agreement must be executed
far enough ahead of time for the modifications to be made.
In Cornell’s case this was executed 3 years prior to first the
use of gas because significant improvements were required. A
E N E R G Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N T

LSC Ithaca NY on Cayuga Lake
Construction and Reimbursement (C&R) agreement (executed
2 years ahead of time) and a final service agreement (SA) were
executed prior to the delivery of gas. The C&R agreement
defines the construction cost to be paid for the connection and
metering point and its ownership transfer to the interstate
pipeline company. The SA finally determines the transportation
rate to be charged for physical gas delivery based on the
actual costs of improvements the pipeline company makes to
accommodate your project and the FERC tariff.
Once the gas pipeline and transportation are defined, work
must begin on the procurement and delivery of the actual
volumes of natural gas required for the project. In Cornell’s
case, a transition from coal as a primary fuel to natural gas
dictated that a large quantity of gas would be burned 3.12 GJ/
year (2.7 million dekatherms per year). A request for proposal
was developed for gas procurement. The gas supplier’s role is
to assure the procurement of the transportation and physical
commodity on a day to day basis and to execute hedges as
requested. The culmination of the RFP is the industry standard
North American Energy Standards Board (NAESB) contract
which governs the activities of the supplier.
Natural gas is traded in a well-established transparent
market and is a storable commodity; hence there are many
alternatives to hedge risk. Corporate risk tolerance is the
driver that determines the strategy to be employed. Cornell
developed an energy procurement policy to define the envelope
within which energy procurement may occur. It includes
items such as the time and financial duration of the energy
portfolio, single transaction limits, types of instruments to be
used, credit worthiness of counterparties, program oversight
requirements and reporting requirements. The policy also
delegates the authority of fuel purchasing to the department
to allow for quick decision making in a fluid market. Discussions
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with the senior administration were held to determine
corporate risk tolerance and a hedge strategy was developed.
For Cornell this was a 3 year rolling purchase program with a
based hedge of 40% for year one, 30% for year two and 20%
for year 3. Cornell policy limits the maximum hedge amount to
80% of the expected usage.
Electrical Issues
The necessary agreements must be in place to provide a
connection to the local utility’s power system. Cornell owns
the substation which takes 115,000 volt transmission power
and transforms it to 13,200 volts for delivery to campus. It
was necessary to completely renovate this facility to accept
the relatively large quantity of new generation. In the summer
the connection imports power from the grid and in the winter
power is exported to the grid. The financial implications of
the local utility’s standby electric service tariff must be fully
understood. This tariff defines the cost to be paid for the
utility to provide power in the event that the generators are
not operating. A utility interconnection agreement is also
required by the state regulatory authority. This is a highly
technical document which dictates a myriad of requirements
to assure that the new generation cannot cause harm to the
utility’s electric grid that the system is properly monitored and
that requirements for metering are met. During the design of
the interconnection, very close attention must be paid to the
utility’s design requirements. If these are not followed carefully
there is a significant risk that the connection cannot be
energized. Checking and re-checking with the Utility to assure
the adequacy of the design is advised. This agreement often
specifies that under certain extreme conditions the Utility
can remotely shut down the generators without notice. In the
end the Utility Company’s personnel perform testing, proving
proper system operation. Adequate time must be provided in
the schedule for this work.
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Hundreds of Pages to Project Success

The agreement also includes many legal aspects such
as indemnification, force majeure, dispute resolution,
consequential damages, insurance requirements and terms
of termination to name a few. Generally, the language in this
document is driven by regulation so modification is possible
but difficult. It is important that the draft interconnection
agreement be obtained as early as possible in the project
so the legal team can seek to understand and attempt to
address aspects of the contract that are normally not agreed
to and are difficult to accept. It is important to note that the
Utility will not allow the interconnection to be energized or
the generator to be synchronized until the agreement is fully
executed. In Cornell’s case, it was just minutes between the
time this contract was executed and first synchronization! The
last agreement executed by Cornell was the power purchase
agreement. This sets the terms by which the Utility will accept
power (kilowatt-hours) exported to the grid and compensate
the generator. It does not address the value of generator
capacity (grid demand reduction). It should not be assumed
that the utility will agree to compensate for this power. State
electric tariffs or federal regulation may dictate the value of
the power produced and whether the Utility is obligated to
take the power. In Cornell’s case, the
Utility resisted taking power due to
its interpretation of FERC rulings.

Power your Communication

FERC upheld Cornell’s challenge to
this interpretation. It is strongly
advisable that specialty legal counsel

– with MULTICAL 602 ® familiar with state and

regulatory law be consulted. This
federal

contract outlines the scheduling

requirements for the exported
power and identifies imbalance
penalties. It identifies the base
value of the power exported and the
reduction in value to compensate
the Utility for the work required
to take the power. The alternative
to this agreement depends on the
regulatory environment of the
State. The deregulated environment
within New York State allows for
power to be sold directly to the
wholesale market. Cornell chose not
to pursue this avenue because of
the relatively small amount of power
exported (30,000 MWe per year)
and the complexity of being a direct
customer in the wholesale market.

The new MULTICAL® 602 gives you a staggering choice of com-

munication technologies.
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ated, wired or wireless, MULTICAL® 602 is the first choice for
accurate metering and powerful data communication.

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munication.

Kamstrup A/S · Industrivej 28 · DK-8660 Skanderborg · Tel: +45 89 93 10 00 · www.kamstrup.com

HotCool MC602 120 x 200.indd 1 01-09-2011 13:55:15

E N E R G Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N T
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Looking Back
As we learned at Cornell, there are significant activities that are
part of energy projects that do not involve just the pipes and
wires. I hope that by describing Cornell’s experience this article
will assist in the success of other projects. Technical expertise,
astute organization, and human and financial resources are
needed as each of these agreements is completed. In addition,
you will need a tenacity and perseverance! No two projects
are the same; therefore you will have your own set of issues
to discover. But hopefully, this explanation provides enough
of a road map to aid in determining what is required for your
particular situation. We often become consumed by the details
of the projects we build. We must remember that somehow
by aligning all of the different project components we create
systems which are part of the solution to many of the energy
and climate issues we face, both today and in the future.

For further information please contact:

Cornell University
Att.: James R. Adams, P.E.
Cornell University
Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
3.2 mile gas line route
Phone: (607)255-6648
jra4@cornell.edu
www.utilities.cornell.edu

About Cornell University

Founded in 1865, Cornell University is the land, sea and space-grant institution of New York State. It is the most educationally
diverse member of the Ivy League. Forty-one Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Cornell as faculty members or alumni.

Number of Ithaca Campus Buildings Over 250 buildings, 1.3 million m2 (14 million SF)
Size of Ithaca Campus 302 hectares (745 acres)
Number of customers on Over 20,000 students representing every state and 110 nations
the Ithaca campus Over 9,600 staff and faculty members
Number of Colleges on Ithaca Campus Eleven (7 undergraduate, 4 graduate and professional)
Number of Courses Available 4.000

System Snapshot: Cornell University Utilities; Ithaca, New York

The central campus utility systems serve approximately 13 million square feet of space housed within approximately 250
buildings. Cornell owns and operates a new combined heat and power plant, the innovative Lake Source Cooling system, a
four million gallon thermal storage tank, a 115 kV substation, a 2 mW hydroelectric plant, a potable water filtration plant, a
cogeneration facility and many miles of underground design distribution systems for each utility. An energy intensive operation,
Cornell requires ~ 3.35 GJ/yr (2.9 trillion BTUs/year) in fuel and electricity.

Steam/CHP System
Year the Steam District Energy System Was Installed 1922
Gas Turbines 2 - 15 mw Solar Titan w/ 19 kg/sec
(150,000 pound per hour) HRSG and duct burners
Boilers 3 - 12.6 kg/sec (100,000 pound per hour) D-type
Annual Steam Production /Peak 500 million kg (1.1 billion pounds)/52 kg/s
(410 thousand pounds per hour)
Annual Cooling Production /Peak 46 million ton-hrs/25,000 tons
Annual Electricity Use/Peak 250 GWH/35 MW
Annual Steam/Electricity proguced by Cogen System 340 million kg (750 million pounds) / 180GWH
Cooling produced by Lake Source Cooling 98%
Steam Distribution Piping /# of Vaults 21km (13 miles) / 186

J O U R N A L N 0 . 2 / 2 0 1 2 www.dbdh.dk
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By Gert Skriver, Corporate Editor, Kamstrup
Probably the world’s
fastest implementation
of an automatic meter reading project
The energy and water provider Guldborgsund Forsyning in
Denmark installed 15,600 smart heat and water meters with
remote meter reading in six months.
From signing the contract with the solution provider on 18 May
2011 till installation of the last meter, just six months went by;
and the project was officially finalized on 15 December 2011.
The project was carried through by an extraordinary will to
cooperate which has been absolutely essential for keeping
up with the extremely tight schedule. From Guldborgsund
Forsyning CEO Flemming Bach expresses his happiness with a
unique cooperation. But he himself deserves not least a great
deal of credit for reaching the goal in time.
Some of the most important learning points for all parties are
that good project management and keeping a close dialogue
are factors of great importance for a quick and hassle free
implementation. Under tough conditions like a tight schedule,
the values that secure a successful project are openness
about occurring problems and mutual trust in everybody
taking responsibility for the common best.
Customers in focus
For Guldborgsund Forsyning, the Automatic Meter Reading
(AMR) implementation is the preliminary culmination of a
process which began in 2010. At that time, the utility laid out
an ambitious strategy plan with the aim of moving the energy
provider into the league of the 25 most efficient utilities in
Guldborgsund Bridge
Denmark measured by price, operational reliability, security,
environmental impact and service. The parameters are carefully
chosen for being of most importance for the customers in the
supply area. The strategy plan concerns both heat and water
supply as well as waste water treatment and stretches until
2014. The plan is an overall investment plan of hundreds of a
three-digit million amount of which the AMR project is just the
first preliminary goal that has now been reached.
According to Flemming Bach remote reading of water and heat
is an absolute necessity to achieve efficient administration and
a high degree of customer satisfaction. ”Our plan promises
to reduce waste of water and heat and to inform customers
about how to use water energy in a better way. This requires
a good overview of the consumption and thus many readings
of the meters.”
Remote reading does not only relieve customers of the
troubles with self-readings, it also makes it possible to offer
a range of services such as targeted energy consultancy and
leak monitoring.
In general, self-reading causes some administrative problems,
as it may be difficult for customers to read the meters correctly
– and in some cases, for the utilities to make customers read
the meters at all. Because Guldborgsund Forsyning can now
collect the correct data on time, the simplified administration
is in addition resulting in a more solidary arrangement with
fewer costs being divided among the customers.
E N E R G Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N T

Worn out mechanical water meters.
Ambitious time schedule
The strategy plan is, however, also very ambitious in terms
of time. In the tender documents from February 2011, it was
a requirement that meter installation and commissioning of
the system was completed by the end of 2011. This mandatory
deadline occurred in connection with a change of the financial
year to follow the calendar year, and in contrast with the wide
range of projects that Guldborgsund Forsyning has carried
out so far, no plan B was formulated for the remote reading
project. This time around, approx. 500 new customers should
also be connected to district heating, and they should too be
part of the meter replacement.
This put high requirements on the tenderers, and ultimately,
Kamstrup was the only one of the invited meter and system
providers to make a bid for the tender.
”We did have second thoughts about the providers' ability to
meet the requirements,” Flemming Bach says and continues:
”We were however presented with a convincing and well-
proven project plan with short delivery time.”
To carry out the installation, Guldborgsund chose the company
Intego, which has great knowledge and experience from similar
projects and which was ready to carry out the task within the
defined time schedule.
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Battery driven ultrasonic water meter, MULTICAL 21, with remote meter
reading for installation in outdoor meter shafts. The ultrasonic metering
principle has higher accuracy than mechanical metering and is thus a means
of securing that all consumed water is accounted for.
Flexible system for meter replacement
Project manager at Intego, Thomas Pedersen had no doubt
that Intego could perform the task, but he was also aware of
the fact that the project should be carried out according to
plan and without too many obstacles. ”We have replaced quite
a lot of meters and know how tricky things can be, but it has
been of great pleasure to work with Kamstrup's digital meter
exchange system, DES. It is one of the most flexible systems
that I have ever worked with. This is clearly one of the reasons
why everything went so well. This is probably the world’s fastest
implementation of an AMR project.”
Good project management
Maybe Kamstrup was a bit sceptical when entering the project,
and in the process, there have been many negotiations about
deadlines, but they took place in a good atmosphere. Head of
Bid & Process Management at Kamstrup, Lis Lange credits
Guldborgsund Forsyning headed by Flemming Bach for this.
”We always had a clear sense that we would reach the goal, and
this is especially due to Guldborgsund's actively supporting
attitude. All along, they have been very careful to make the
process as easy and hassle-free as possible for both Intego
and us.”
www.dbdh.dk
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Probably the world’s fastest implementation of an automatic meter reading project

Project scope:
Total number of metering points: 15,600
Heat meters MULTICAL 601
with RadioRouter module: approx. 5,500
Heat meters MULTICAL 6
with radio module: approx. 10,000
Water meters MULTICAL 21
for installation in meter wells: approx. 800
Contract signed: 18 May 2011
First delivery: 1 June 2011
Last delivery: 1 October 2011
Project closed: 15 December 2011

About Guldborgsund Forsyning

Guldborgsund Forsyning is a modern utility supplying
district heating and tap water and securing efficient
waste water discharge and treatment. The activities of For further information please contact:
the utility are divided into four individual companies and Kamstrup
one holding company. Three of the companies are occupied Att.: Gert Skriver Phone: +45 8993 1000
with water supply, heat supply and waste water treatment, Industrivej 28 Fax: +45 8993 1001
respectively. The fourth company handles administration DK-8660 Skanderborg ges@kamstrup.dk
and customer service for all activities of the company.
Guldborgsund Forsyning is 100% owned by the municipality
of Guldborgsund. www.guldborgsundforsyning.dk.

Termis Operation
Real-time information about your network
By using Termis Operation in your daily work, all employees can
focus on delivering the best possible service to the consumers.

With Termis Operation you get:

Complete overview
Optimized production and reduced
energy consumption
Improved customer service
CO2 reduction

is becoming

Read more: www.7T.dk/TERMIS

E N E R G Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N T
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DISTRICT HUMOR

download more news and

articles from Hot | cool at
www.dbdh.dk

J O U R N A L N 0 . 2 / 2 0 1 2 www.dbdh.dk
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focus
The
diversity
of biomass
The harvest ends up in the radiator
Text originally published in “Fjernvarmen” by journalist Flemming Rasmussen, the Danish District Heating Association

Energy willow is gaining a footing as a supplement to wood chip.

In Djursland, an area in Mid-Jutland, Denmark, a local district
heating plant, Trustrup-Lyngby heating plant, gets part of its
fuel from the fields of a local farmer. Eight hectares of the
farmer’s fields are made up of willow.

According to the farmer, energy willow is a possibility of

utilizing some soil which would otherwise not be easy to find
use for. And at the same time it really does need any tending.

The willow ends up in the boiler room at the heating plant, by

the help of the company M-R Skovteknik (M-R Wood Technique)
which has the contract on supplying all of the heating plant’s
fuel. A local machine station is hired to be responsible for the
harvesting, and thus, there are a number of links in the chain
that brings the willow from field to radiator.

District heating plant with ambitions

Of more than 4,000 tons of biomass that Trustrup-Lyngby
District Heating Plant combusts every year the main part is
by far traditional wood chip. The plants’ operation manager,
Michael Meldgaard Christensen, estimates that the energy
willow from these fields will amount to 270 tons. This will be used
in the summer months where the heat load is low. According to
Michael Meldgaard Christensen there is a lot of potential in
energy willow but it cannot be used as winter fuel. The willow
does not have quite the same calorific value as wood chip and
the willow’s solid waste is also lower than the solid waste of
wood chips. This has consequences when the plant needs to
run full steam, because then there simply is not enough space
on the grid of the boiler to combust enough willow chip.

So the use of wood chip does hold some challenges. Another

challenge is to comply with the demands regarding emission of
cadmium. However, despite the challenges Michael Meldgaard
Chistensen is firmly set on participating to promoting the use
of willow. Not least because it is likely that the coming years
will see a huge pressure on the market for Danish wood chip
as more plants are switching to biomass, including plants in
the big cities.

Christensen says that he would like to support the development

Photo: Torben Skøtt, Biopress

of new bio fuels, preferring to use local fuels when possible,
and because of the willow’s rate of turnover, which is only a
few years from when it is sowed until harvested as opposed to
wood which grows slowly.

E N E R G Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N T

Breakthrough takes collaboration
Trustrup-Lyngby District Heating Plant participates in a
project ruled by AgroTech, which is an authorized technological
service institute which offers impartial consultancy and
provides technological services, and supported by The Danish
District Heating Association’s F & U account. This means
that the combustion of the willow that is reaped today will
be followed closer, partly by recurrent measurements. The
aim is to gather more information and knowledge about how
willow burns in wood chip boilers. So he urges district heating
plants and farms to be active co-players in order to help the
development on its way.
For further information please contact:
Dansk Fjernvarme
Att.: Flemming Linnebjerg Rasmussen Phone: +45 7630 8000
Merkurvej 7 Fax: +45 7552 8962
DK-6000 Kolding fr@danskfjernvarme.dk
World-class climate friendly heating
CTR – Metropolitan Copenhagen Heating Transmission Company
Staehr Johansens Vej 38 • DK - 2000 Frederiksberg
Phone +45 3818 5777 . • Fax +45 3818 5799 • ctr@ctr.dk • www.ctr.dk
J O U R N A L N 0 . 2 / 2 0 1 2
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Only a few years ago many considered energy willow as a
fuel on trial stage. Today it seems as if the energy willow
is here to stay, even if there still are some challenges. So
is the assessment for technical consultant at the Danish
District Heating Association Henrik Andersen, who follows
the biomass area closely.
"The energy willow has shown potential as fuel and it is so
widespread that it is no longer considered an experiment
but instead real production. But, as is the case with all
new types of fuel, there is still a lot to be learnt when it
comes to use the willow in the best possible way - and
in this case also how the willow can interact with other
types of biomass in the best possible way."
Development has to take place, e.g. regarding the emission
of cadmium. However, Henrik Andersen thinks that in
spite of all, energy willow is indeed growing. He estimates
that about 25 district heating plants have experience in
combusting willow in wood chip boilers and he expects
that this number will increase.
www.dbdh.dk
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focus
The By Anders M. Fredenslund, Post doc and
diversity Thomas Budde Christensen, Associate Professor,
of biomass Department of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change, Roskilde University

Utilizing local bio-resources

in Solrød Municipality

Biogas project Several problems, one solution

One of several biogas projects in preparation in Denmark
is a project led by Solrød Municipality, where a mix of locally
available materials is planned to be used for anaerobic
digestion supplying electricity as well as heat to the VEKS
district heating grid.
The municipality of Solrød is situated 20 km south of
Copenhagen, Denmark alongside the strait of Øresund. As a
signatory of the Covenant of Mayors (an EU initiative to support
local governments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions), the
city council passed a so-called Strategic Energy Action Plan,
where concrete actions and their projected effects were
listed. The overall objective was to reduce total green house
gas emissions in the municipality by 50 % in 2025 compared
to the baseline year 2007. One of the most important actions
listed was construction of a biogas plant using locally available
materials – including cast seaweed.
The nearby pectin production facility CPKelco was facing
another problem: costs of handling byproducts from
production of pectin, which is a food additive extracted from
citrus peel, were rising. These byproducts - pectin waste - can
be used as cattle feed, but transportation costs led to a net
expense for the company.
An evaluation of using pectin waste as a biogas raw material
was performed on initiative from the company, but it was
clear that it was necessary to use pectin waste as part of a
mix – not as a so-called mono-substrate. Thus, plans were put
on hold.
On this background, Solrød Municipality initiated a feasibility
study in collaboration with CPKelco, Ramboll Denmark, and
several research institutions to evaluate the possibility of
establishing a biogas plant in the area.

The bay of Køge Bugt is, like many other coastal waters in Solrød Biogas - key figures
Denmark, nutrient rich. This leads to a large amount of seaweed
Raw materials 154,800 tons/year (14,600 tons sand
washing up on the shores of the bay each year. A thick “blanket”
is removed from cast seaweed)
of decomposing seaweed sometimes extends 50 meters into Digester biomass input/ 140,000 tons /
the bay. Due to bad odor, and since the seaweed prohibits output pr. year 132,000 tons
recreational use of the sandy beaches, local inhabitants have Biogas production 5.4 mil. m3 CH4/year
a strong wish to have the material removed from the beach Heat produced 28.5 GWh/year
and water. This is now being done, causing several thousands Electricity produced 24.5 GWh/year
Heat use 2.2 GWh/year
of tons of organic waste, which needs to be treated each year.

E N E R G Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N T
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The overall aim of the study was to develop a bioenergy concept
in a region with a relatively low amount of livestock, and thereby
manure, by including “alternative” biomass fractions such as
cast seaweed and organic waste from production of pectin
and carrageenan. Specific aims included:
• Determination of availability and suitability of organic
materials for biogas production
• Optimization of collection and pre-treatment of organic
materials
• Development of technological and economical optimal
incorporation of energy production in the local energy
supply infrastructure
• Environmental assessment
• Evaluation of possibilities of utilization of de-gassed
biomass
Green house gas reductions
45000
40000
From these assessments it was concluded that 154,800 tons
(wet weight) of raw materials were available for anaerobic
digestion, where app. half of this was pectin waste from
CPKelco. Gas formation tests were performed of the “new”
types of raw materials: pectin waste and cast seaweed. From
measured gas production rates and amounts of available
materials it was possible to predict the amount of gas
produced at the facility, which formed the basis for economical
and environmental feasibility assessments.
Choice of gas utilization
Three biogas plant concepts were developed, which differed in
type of energy utilization:
• Use for process energy at the pectin production facility
(Concept A).
• Biogas upgrade and supply to the natural gas grid (Concept
B)
• Production of electricity and heat in a gas engine, where
the heat energy is supplied to the VEKS district heating
grid (Concept C).

35000 Fertilizer substitution Various factors had to be taken into consideration when
Reduction of methane choosing between the three “concepts” and the final choice
30000
emissions
was combined heat and power (CHP), with the heat energy to
25000 Heat productions be utilized in the large VEKS district heating grid.
20000 Transport of biomass

15000 Electricity use
10000
5000
0 a biogas plant compared to the present situation. Positive
Net reduction (t CO2 eq. year -1)
-5000
Availability of raw materials
The three main raw materials considered were: pectin waste,
cast seaweed and manure. A local entrepreneur has collected
cast seaweed along the entire 3.7 km coastline in Solrød
Municipality in recent years. According to the entrepreneur,
the amount collected in 2009 was 4,000 tons of material
corresponding to 1,080 tons/km. Interviewing the production
manager at the local pectin and carrageenan manufacturer
provided data on amounts and compositions of pectin and
carrageenan wastes, which were available for anaerobic
digestion.
The Danish Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries
maintains a database on livestock covering every farm in
Denmark. This data is publicly available, and was used to
determine the number of pigs and cattle within a radius of 15
km of the proposed site of the biogas plant. Multiplying the
number of cattle and pigs retrieved from the database (online
at http://www.glr-chr.dk) with data from the same authority
on average amount of manure per animal, a potential for pig
and cattle manure for use for biogas production was found.
One factor in making this choice was an evaluation of the
effects on green house gas emissions of each of the three
plant concepts. A baseline method was used where positive
and negative effects were quantified in case of constructing
effects included in the calculations were substitution of fossil
fuel use, substitution of fertilizer with degassed biomass, and
reduction of methane emissions caused by anaerobic decay
of seaweed and other biomass fractions. Negative effects
included electricity use at the biogas plant, and transport of
biomass to and from the biogas plant.
Environmental benefits
Assessments of net reduction of green house gas emissions
suggest that production of CHP for supply to the local district
heating grid would result in the highest net reduction in
greenhouse gas emissions. The least favorable plant concept
was found to be upgrade of biogas for injection to the natural
gas grid. This is partly due to a considerable electricity use of
the upgrade process.
The assessment shows that reduction of uncontrolled
methane emission results in app. 30% of the net reduction
of green house gas emissions. The calculations behind these
figures are, however, based partly on rough estimates.

J O U R N A L N 0 . 2 / 2 0 1 2 www.dbdh.dk
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Utilizing local bio-resources in Solrød Municipality
A valuable environmental benefit is the removal of nutrients
from the coastal area caused by removal of cast seaweed.
From assessment of amounts and measured nutrient content
of the collected seaweed it was found that collection of
seaweed from Køge Bugt can remove 120 tons N/year. The
entire input to Køge Bugt of nitrogen including both natural
and anthropogenic sources is estimated to be app. 1,800 tons
N/year. An action plan to reduce the nutrient load to Køge
Bugt has been laid out. The action plan lists initiatives that will
reduce the nitrogen load to Køge Bugt by app. 86 tons N/year
at a yearly cost of 5.7 million €. The cost of collecting and pre-
treating cast seaweed for production of biogas is estimated
to be app.1/10 of that, and furthermore result in revenue due
to energy production.
Stage of the project
The feasibility study was finalized December 2010. Based on
the findings of the City Council Solrød decided to proceed in
constructing a biogas plant based on the mentioned waste
fractions. A formal agreement between the municipality and
CPKelco has been signed, ensuring that pectin waste will be
supplied to the biogas plant. Economic evaluation of the
concepts showed that a biogas plant using the described mix
of organic material could be built and operated with a sound
economic performance.
Since then, an environmental impact assessment was
completed where the precise location of the construction
site was specified. Gas production of the mix of materials was
tested in pilot scale digesters.
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The next steps towards realization of the bioenergy concept
include preparation of a final, detailed plant design, securing
contracts with biomass suppliers and energy companies,
securing necessary permits and establishing a bioenergy
company, which will be responsible for building and operating
the biogas facility. Solrød Municipality is presently negotiating
with the EU with regards of financial support of these activities
under the Intelligent Energy Europe Program.
Lessons learned
Several positive effects of realization of the biogas plant
were identified: net CO2 reduction of app. 40,000 tons CO2/
year, utilization of nutrients from cast seaweed and pectin
waste, income from energy production, improving conditions
for recreational use of the local beaches and removal of
considerable amounts of nutrients from the local coastal
waters, which suffer from eutrophication.
Cast seaweed may not prove to be the ideal raw material from
a biogas plant operator perspective: its availability varies
greatly over the year (and from year to year); it may contain
large amounts of sand and may need pre-treatment. However,
recycling of nutrients and reduction in methane emissions are
considerable advantages of using it for biogas production.
For further information please contact:
Anders M. Fredenslund
Thomas Budde Christensen
Roskilde University
Universitetsvej 1 DK-4000 Roskilde
Institut for Miljø, Samfund og tbc@ruc.dk
Rumlig Forandring (ENSPAC) andersf@ruc.dk
E N E R G Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N T

focus
The
diversity
of biomass
By Mr. Lars Gullev, Managing Director, VEKS
Renewable energy in the District Heating
system in Greater Copenhagen
Within a few years, the majority of district heating (DH) in
Greater Copenhagen will be CO2-neutral. This will once again
put Copenhagen on the world map.
A DH system based on 100% biomass is a cornerstone in the
energy and climate strategy in the majority of municipalities
in Greater Copenhagen. This will also ensure that Copenhagen
in 2025 will become one of the first capitals in the world to
be CO2-neutral. It is a very ambitious goal, but it is possible
if all stakeholders make a targeted effort and the political
framework guarantees a feasible economy works.
Heat Plan Greater Copenhagen as well as Copenhagen
Municipality’s climate plan indicate that it is possible and
economically sensible to convert the DH production at the
large central CHP plants from fossil fuels - coal, oil and natural
gas - into biomass within the next 4-5 years. Although biomass
- as fuel alone - is more expensive than coal, the economy is
sound since the Danish government rewards the production of
DH based on biomass with subsidies for electricity production.
The secret is that the central CHP-plants that are 20-30
years old were originally built to use coal, which means that the
investments in conversion to biomass are relatively modest.
Denmark has in recent years at world-level evolved to be in the
forefront when it comes to the use of biomass in existing large
coal boilers - a competence that now is also to the benefit of
Greater Copenhagen.
J O U R N A L N 0 . 2 / 2 0 1 2
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Køge CHP plant
Is conversion to biomass sustainable?
When the shift from fossil fuels to biomass has been
completed in about 4-5 years, about 2 million tons of biomass
will be used annually in Greater Copenhagen. The Danish green
think tank Concito published on 25 November 2011 a report
that questioned whether biomass really is completely CO2-
neutral. 25 November 2011 was also the day when the Danish
government presented its strategy where conversion to
biomass in CHP plants is an important step!
In the DH sector - including VEKS - we welcome the debate on
the sustainability of biomass. VEKS – as a company owned by
12 municipalities - has a special responsibility to ensure that
the solutions we choose are sustainable. Therefore we have in
recent years followed the debate and in 2010 together with
Copenhagen Energy and CTR we hosted a workshop where
biomass resources and sustainability were a central theme.
Therefore, the new messages from Concito do not come as a
surprise to us:
• Not all biomass is sustainable, and a set of tight and
reasonable sustainability criteria must be developed.
• The DH sector is obliged to ensure that the necessary
focus on these criteria is maintained.
www.dbdh.dk
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Renewable energy in the District Heating system in Greater Copenhagen
Copyright BWSC
If the conversion to biomass should be credible, the biomass
must of course be sustainable – and the CO2 accounts must
be correct. Unfortunately it has not yet been managed to
adopt binding sustainability requirements for solid biomass in
the EU but we expect - and hope - that the Danish government
will work hard for that to happen.
What VEKS together with Copenhagen Energy and CTR can do
- as the largest buyers of DH in Denmark - is to make demands
on our DH suppliers when we buy DH based on biomass:
• Biomass from forest that is original and worthy of
conservation, such as rain forest and jungle, must not be
used.
• The origin of the biomass should be documented, so that it
is clear where the biomass is coming from.
• The producers of wood pellets should as far as possible
avoid using fossil fuels for the production of the pellets.
The presentation of these claims has happened in a good,
constructive dialogue with the owners of CHP plants in
Greater Copenhagen - DONG Energy and Vattenfall. As an
integral part of VEKS’ CSR policy, we will annually report on
the used biomass quantities, types and origins. Furthermore
VEKS - along with CTR and Copenhagen Energy – will follow the
ongoing sustainability debate.
It is VEKS’ opinion that if the shift from primarily coal to
biomass takes place in a responsible manner, the use of
biomass is the best solution here and now when we want to do
something for the climate in the coming years. However, it is
important to keep an eye on the biomass consumption so that
it does not increase unnecessarily. As fossil fuel biomass is a
limited resource and its use is not - as Concito also points out
that - always CO2 neutral.
It is therefore essential that biomass is used where it makes
most benefit to society. Using biomass in efficient CHP plants
is one of the most important ways to use biomass with
reasonable economy.
Energy conservation, solar heating and geothermal
In the long term, biomass alone is not the solution to the
conversion of the DH system in the Greater Copenhagen from
fossil fuels to renewable energy. It will become necessary to
find alternatives to the use of biomass in DH system as the
demand for biomass for other purposes increases.
Regardless of how DH in the future is generated it is necessary –
when it comes to resources - to focus on energy conservation.
And here the DH companies have a clear interest in motivating
customers to focus on energy savings. Why? Because if the
existing customers reduce the energy consumption, capacity
in the existing transmission system is released, which allows
a cheaper extension of the DH system to new customers.
This means that there will be more customers to share the
fixed costs, which will either reduce the heating cost for all
– or create better earnings for the DH companies. There is
thus no contradiction between doing business in selling DH
and simultaneously motivate customers to reduce the heat
consumption.
E N E R G Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N T
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If the use of solar energy should have an impact on a larger

scale, it is necessary that solar energy can be stored in season For further information please contact:
- from summer to autumn / winter. But solar will never be an VEKS Phone: +45 4366 0366
alternative to the use of biomass in Greater Copenhagen - but Att.: Lars Gullev Fax: +45 4366 0369
Roskildevej 175 veks@veks.dk
merely a supplement.
DK-2620 Albertslund www.veks.dk

Therefore VEKS, CTR and Copenhagen Energy are investigating

options for getting more geothermal energy into the DH
system - and a geothermal share of 30% over the next 25-30
years is not unrealistic.

With a political objective that 50%

of Danish electricity consumption in
2020 must be based on wind energy, it
is imperative to increase the focus on
the socio-economic gains that will be
a result of integrating the electricity
and DH system - primarily through
the utilisation of wind power in the DH
system in the form of heat pumps and
electric boilers.

Summary
The DH system in Greater Copenhagen
will in the next few years be
characterized by a production system
where most of the used fuel will be
biomass - and a little later in the
future also a significant proportion
geothermal heat. It is therefore quite
feasible that the DH system in Greater
Copenhagen will have a significant
stake in Copenhagen as one of the
first capitals of the world - possibly
the first - being CO2 neutral in 2025.

sustaining
gREEn HEat
converting the energy sector to green energy requires
knowledge and insight. ramboll is the owner’s engineer
for a new large district heating network south of
copenhagen where cHP based on biomass supplies
green power and heat to the local community.

www.ramboll.com/re

Sustainning green heat_hotcool_120x200mm.indd 2 08/06/2012 13:23:25

J O U R N A L N 0 . 2 / 2 0 1 2 www.dbdh.dk
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focus
The
Biomass - a renewable and flexible
diversity
of biomass
energy source for heating towns
By Mr. Jens Dall Bentzen, Managing Director, Dall Energy
More than 100 towns in Denmark are daily supplied with energy
from the local biomass heating plant.
More and more of the fossil-fuelled heating plants are
converting to biomass as prices of fossil fuel and awareness
of CO2 emissions increase.
The use of forest chips at district heating (DH) plants has
increased significantly since the first systems came into
operation at the beginning of the 1980s. While there were
only three wood chip-fired DH plants in 1984, the number has
increased to approx. 100 plants today.
Furnace at Bogense District Heating Plant
Wood chip-fired DH plants are established either in order to
replace gas-fired DH plants connected to old DH systems, or as
new plants and systems. Currently there is a trend in Denmark
where domestic boilers in individual households supplied by
the natural gas grid are replaced by DH. Often these new DH
systems are fuelled with heat from biomass plants.
Typically the heat-only biomass plants at Danish DH plants are
designed for the generation of heat in the range of 1 MW and
10 MW.
Most biomass plants in Denmark are based on grate
combustion technologies. However, new biomass heating
and biomass heat and power (CHP) technologies are being
developed and implemented in new demonstration projects.
This article describes some of these new technologies and the
demonstration projects.
Low emission heat only biomass plant in Bogense
The town Bogense on the north coast of the Island Funen
in the center of Denmark is an example of a town that has
recently switched from natural gas to biomass.
Until 2010 the heat for Bogense was produced by natural gas.
Most of the heat was produced CHP mode - gas engines -, and
peak load heat was produced in a gas boiler.
In 2010 the board of the DH Company decided to build a
biomass plant.
At that time Dall Energy was testing a 2 MW prototype of the
Dall Energy furnace close by. The plant manager of Bogense DH
Company, Peter Lind, found the furnace very interesting as the
combustion appeared to be very clean compared to state-of-
the-art technologies.
Supported with a grant from the Research and Development
programme EUDP, an agreement was made between a turnkey
contractor, Dall Energy and Bogense DH Company. Now the
plant is supplying the town of Bogense with renewable heat.
The performance of the new biomass furnace has been verified
by an external institute:
• Dust emissions from the furnace are reduced by 90-95%.
• CO emissions are reduced by 95%.
Due to these very low emissions the plant in Bogense is
simpler than other biomass plants. For instance: There is no
multicyclone, ESP (electrostatic precipitator) or bag filter, but
emissions are still way below emission limits.
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Combination of biomass & solar
A new trend in Denmark is the combination of heating from
biomass & solar: In the winter period the biomass plant is
the prime producer of heating, but in the summer period
the heating is provided by solar panels from solar collector
fields that are placed in the outskirts of the town. In this way
considerable amount of fuel can be saved.
In some cases large heating storages are built, and hereby hot
water produced in the summer can be stored and used in the
fall, thus saving even more fuel.
The solar collector projects are especially feasible in countries
where there is considerable taxation on fuels for DH (such as
Denmark).
Examples of such projects are the projects in Hillerød and in
Marstal:
The Hillerød project aims at supplying a new development
of the city Hillerød with CO2-neutral heat and power. This is
done via a two-stage biomass gasification system and a large
solar collector system. The two stage gasification system was
originally developed at the Technical University of Denmark,
but now the technology is to be commercialized by the Danish
boiler manufacturer Weiss A/S.
The Marstal project aims at supplying the town of Marstal
with 50% of solar energy and 50% of energy from biomass.
The Marstal plant comprises a 15,000 m2 solar system, a CHP
biomass system with a 4.0 MW wood chip thermal oil boiler and
a 750 kWel ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) and 75,000 m3 pit heat
storage.
The Marstal project is supported by the EU 7. Framework
programme. Read more at http://www.solarmarstal.dk/
SUNSTORE%20.html.
Next generation medium-scale biomass CHP plant
As in other countries Denmark focuses on CHP. For medium-
scale biomass plants the focus has been on gasification
systems (as in Hillerød) or ORC systems (as in Marstal). The
ORC systems have proven to be very reliable, which is very
important for plant operators.
A new demonstration project is now being prepared by Dall
Energy, where the low emission Dall Energy furnace is combined
with an ORC installation. This project will demonstrate a low
emission, reliable, medium-scale biomass CHP plant. The plant
is planned to be in operation in 2013. The host of the project is
the utility company SEAS-NVE in Denmark. The demonstration
project is supported by EUDP.

The Hillerød project is supported by the EU programme For further information please contact:

“Sorcer”. Read more at http://www.sorcer.eu/. Dall Energy

Jens Dall Bentzen Phone: +45 2987 2222
Venlighedsvej 2 jdb@dallenergy.com
DK-2970 Hørsholm www.dallenergy.com

Principal diagram of two-stage

gasifier in Hillerød

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By V.S. Gusev, General Director of Scientific and Research Center ENIT and
Kasanzev Nicolay Nicolaevich, Director of Golovenkovsky District Heating

Results of the
project
TACIS ERUS 9404 in Tula

Part of the water treatment (part stream filter and additives to stabilize pH and reduce corrosion)

The demonstration project TACIS ERUS 9404 on modernisation The project included:
of existing district heating network in the Golovenkovsky village • improvement of water treatment
of the Tula region was implemented from October 1995 to April • leak detection
1998. Since 2000 ENIT has been responsible for maintenance • production of hot tap water (as an alternative to
services of the equipment. unauthorized tapping of the district heating water)
• internal draining of ducts
The TACIS project included several components. One of them
had the objective to improve the efficiency and lifetime of Almost 14 years have already passed after the official
the district heating system in the village Golovenkovsky. This completion of the project. Now it is possible to state that
component of the project was implemented successfully the installed equipment, introduced technologies and
by Ramboll in co-operation with Tula Energy Centre and the recommended methods for monitoring over district heating
district heating company. system not only allowed the district heating company LLC
”Teploservis” to reduce energy costs but also had a positive
influence on social factors of the village.

E N E R G Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N T
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Among the main results of the project we can note the

For further information please contact:
following:
Heatservice Schekino region
Att.: Nikolay N. Kasantzev Tula 300041
1. The equipment for water treatment by Eurowater is still in
Nikolay Russia
operation. At the beginning of the project this equipment 32, Shahterskaya str. Phone: +7 48751 561 64
allowed to clean district heating system from old scale Golovenkovsky village, kompania.sjkh@yandex.ru
and as well as prevent foundation of new scale and to stop
ENIT
corrosion processes. At present the application of water
Att.: Gusev Victor S. - general Tula 300041
treatment allows two steam boilers in the village’s boiler
director Joint-stock company Russia
house to work with maximum coefficient of performance Technical-sience center ENIT Phone: +7 4872 31 21 91
with the least gas flow rate. 1, Soyuznaya str. enit@tula.net

2. Proper water treatment has allowed to gain maximum

benefit from installation of plate heat exchangers for hot
water supply of a kindergarden, a school and a hospital
during the heating period. A heat exhanger installed in
TVIS – Multicity
the boiler house made it possible to arrange for a shower District Heating
cabine for operational personnel.
55,000 homes in Vejle, Fredericia,
Middelfart and Kolding Munici-
3. Application of the coloring addictive “URANIN” allows to
palities are served with surplus
identify the places of accidents in a heating network heat through the regional heat
in a fast and effective manner. This method helps save transmission network of TVIS.
siginificant resources (costs for water treatment and
costs for natural gas) as well as excluding unauthorised use
of heat. Presently the average volume for feeding up the Surplus
heat from
system is only ~0.6 m3 per day. Refinery

4. In order to reduce heat losses and to preserve the network Waste

incineration
from submersion especially during the spring period we
Combined
use automatic withdrawal of ground water by a float-type Heat Only Heat and
Boilers Power
water pump made by Grundfos, which was installed in a well
at the lowest point of the heating network.

Conclusion Vejle
Based on this project we demonstrate a real possibility of how
to increase the efficiency of existing district heating systems
in small towns and villages of Russia by implementation of
low cost activities which is a very acute topic due to existing
financial deficit.
Fredericia
Introduction of the project results in other towns
Th results of the described project were fully used in Sosensky
town of the Kaluga region, where 4 boiler houses supply heat
and hot water to the town.
Middelfart
Kolding
Similar equipment (water treatment, plate heat exchangers,
Hydro-X and Grundfos pumping equipment) is used at all boiler
houses. The search of leakages is carried out with application
of colouring addictive ”URANIN”. The mentioned activities and
constant monitoring over heating networks have allowed heat
supplying company LLC ”KalugaEnergoInvest” to become a
leader in supplying heat to the town.

J O U R N A L N 0 . 2 / 2 0 1 2 www.dbdh.dk
Annonce til tvis nov 2009 60x200 med Diagram.indd 1 05-01-2010 11:58:32
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latest news
DANISH ENERGY EVENT IN KYIV
On 26 & 27 April, a large group of Danish companies participated
in an Energy Event arranged by the Danish Embassy in Kyiv,
Consulate General in St. Petersburg and DBDH on the occasion
of a Danish EU-Presidency celebration in Kyiv on 27 April.
The participating companies Per Aarsleff, ABB, Broen, Danfoss,
Grundfos, Eagle Burgmann, Haldor Topsøe, Kamstrup, Logstor,
Nefco and Danish Energy Solutions had a warm welcome
in Kyiv where the first meeting took place at Kyivenergo, a
round table with D-TEK and Kyivenergo. Kyivenergo is 71.82%
owned by DTEK, and has a total cycle of operations to supply
energy to the city of Kiev, with a unified process of production,
transmission, distribution and sales of heat and electricity
to the end-consumers. During the meeting both DTEK and
Kyivenergo presented plans for modernization of energy in
Ukraine, and after the presentation of the Danish companies,
the participants of the meeting had time for bilateral
discussions and exchanging of information and contacts.
The following day contained a seminar with E5P / EBRD and a
round table meeting with Kyiv City Administration.
The Eastern Europe Energy Efficiency and Environment
Partnershif (E5P) is a newly established multi-donor fund
with the following key objectives: 1. Improvement of energy
efficiency and 2. Significant reductions of CO2 and other green
house gas emissions.
Approximately 30 Ukrainian representatives from city
administrations, district heating and water supply companies
from all over the country attended the seminar with interest.
The meeting was chaired by Deputy Minister Olga Romaniuk,
Ministry of Regional Development, Construction and Municipal
Economy of Ukraine and Consul General Klaus Sørensen, St.
Petersburg.
The Danish company delegation continued to Kyiv City
Administration to meet the heads of department for housing
and energy efficiency. TV and press covered the meeting,
where the participants learned more about the city strategy
for energy efficiency programs up to 2025. Among others
Mr. Viacheslav Lisovyk, Head of Main Department of energy
expressed a great interest for Danish companies participating
in training programmes for district heating sector in Kyiv.
E N E R G Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N T

DBDH PERSON 2011 AND DBDH MEMBER 2011
At DBDH´s annual general assembly held on March 22, the
"DBDH person of the year" was elected. The title went to Mr.
Per T. Christensen, with following argument:
“DBDH highly appreciate your energy and sincere dedication
to both district energy and DBDH. You have made an invaluable
contribution to our sector as well as our members by
constantly promoting the Danish district heating industry as
well as other members of DBDH in other parts of the world,
especially in China, your second home. You are a competent and
very appreciated member of the Board – and have been so for
10 years in total (2001-2006 & 2008-2012). You have also been
Vice Chairman of the Board for a number of years. You have
authored many articles in HOT|COOL. You are always present at
members meetings and a very active networker. You are very
helpful when receiving foreign delegations, and you – more than
most people – know this sector and its players. DBDH is very
delighted to have you as a representative, and as a spokesman
for DBDH”.
J O U R N A L N 0 . 2 / 2 0 1 2
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Also "DBDH member of the year" was elected. The honour
went to CTR represented by Inga Thorup and Jan Elleriis
on the following basis: “CTR has been an active member of
DBDH for many years. CTR has always contributed with a high
level of activity both domestically and internationally. CTR
participates frequently in DBDH members’ meetings and in
international conferences. CTR is also a keen and competent
contributor to articles in HOT|COOL and also supports the
magazine with regular advertisements. CTR is irreplaceable
when foreign delegations visit, and an interesting, factual and
vivid presentation of the Danish System” is needed. CTR is
the country’s largest transmission company, with the goal of
delivering 100% CO2 neutral district heating by 2025. DBDH is
delighted to have a solid and visionary company like CTR as a
neighbor and as a member.
www.dbdh.dk
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AEROVIT
M E M B E R C O M P A NY P R O F IL E
By Kathrine Windahl, Information and Marketing Manager, DBDH
Soot blowing specialist company Aerovit is based in the
outskirts of Horsens, Mid-Jutland, Denmark, and here I meet
with managing director of the company Mr. Søren Amby who
offers a short guided tour of the premises and the factory
where the Aerovit products are produced.
The products
Aerovit is a system for soot blowing with shock waves.
The system operates on pure compressed air ensuring a
continuous cleaning of all kind of boiler systems. In a fraction
of a second 400-600 liters of air are under high pressure blown
through a special valve, the process of which generates a very
powerful pressure blow that is led into the boiler construction.
The blow eliminates sediments in boiler pipes and boiler
compartments in the area in front of the system. The system
has an internationally patent.
A continuous cleaning of the boiler results in a proven higher
efficiency and numerous stoppages for boiler cleaning can
be avoided. Thus oil consumption on supplementary energy
supply will be reduced due to less cleaning stops. Since the
manual boiler cleanings will be less the working environment
will improve as the manual cleaning task is a hard and health
threatening task. The fuel consumption is smaller per produced
MW and thus CO2 emissions will be lower. And the investment is
expected to yield interest in 3-24 months’ time.
Aerovit operates with very high power in the shock waves. The
product is delivered with efficient soundproofing of the system
and, finally, the product is delivered with a patented cooling
system that ensures functionality at high temperatures and at
a corrosive environment.
What makes the company unique is the fact that they have
taken out a patent on the cooling of the valves as well as
the soundproofing system so that the valves can be placed
in all kinds of areas, and according to Søren Amby potential
customers are often referred to a plant close by the factory
as reference plant. This Aerovit system dates back to 1992,
proving that the product really is a durable one. However, the
company has also just developed a brand new valve unit. Up
until now they have been using a basic type valve which was
modified and patented. But now the company has its own valve
where everything is integrated.
Aerovit is supplying primarily to boiler producers all over
Europe, but in the recent years they have also supplied to the
marine market and installations with catalyst technology. Last
year the company witnessed its largest turnover ever, and
the company has expectations of an even better result this
year. (At present they are counting on an order corresponding
to half a year’s revenue.) So things are looking very good for
Aerovit indeed.
E N E R G Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N T
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The case of the oil refinery Orlén Lietuva
Last year the company was contacted by the Latvian oil refinery
Orlén Lietuva, who sent Aerovit an unsolicited email in which
they asked if Aerovit would carry about the task for them.
The situation before the Aerovit installation
Orlén Lietuva Refinery has two boilers which were losing a
considerable amount of heat due to catalyst dust build-
up in the tubes. After two months of operation the boilers
tubes were fully covered by catalyst dust, but the refinery’s
own technicians were not able to stop the boilers for manual
cleaning as this would mean that the whole refinery would have
to shut down.
The situation after the Aerovit installation
Aerovit was installed in April 2011 on both boilers with immediate
results. The steam production of each boiler remains stable
around 17t/h, which means 34t/h for both boilers. The refinery
therefore gained 19t/h for both boilers. In order to produce
these 19t/h of steam on an oil boiler, Orlén Lietuva should use
around 11.6 mio. liters of oil/year. The payback time for this
project was only 3 months.
The numerous Aerovit installations worldwide have proven
considerable energy and fuel savings for the customers, and
thus considerably reduced emission of soot particles and CO2
to the environment.

With or without aerovit

The diagram shows the steam production of one boiler: after

a manual cleaning session the steam production is about 19t/h
and after two months it is only 7.5t/h.

t/h
20

18

16

14

12

10

6
With Aerovit
4
Without Aerovit
2

0
days
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
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22
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25
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27
28
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30
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32
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34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55

The final result of the dust accumulation process is a critical

reduction of the steam production, which after two months of
operation decreases to 15t/h for both boilers.

Aerovit Russia, Ukraine and Belarus

Aerovit A/S has delegated the responsibility for the development of the Aerovit system in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus to the
company Era-Power LLC, which is partly Danish, partly Swedish and partly Russian owned.

The task of developing these countries is enormous and the challenges can be seen as insurmountable, but Director Erik
Rasmussen has with over 8 years of experience in Russia created a good base in collaboration with DBDH through joint export
promotion, and has thus achieved a good impact towards the Russian authorities and created awareness about the technology
behind Aerovit.

The expectations for these markets are high due to the need for efficient energy utilization. The Russian Government has
through legislation created a pressure on the individual regions to effectively improve energy efficiency. Furthermore, it
has been decided to attempt to exploit the resources available in addition to gas, namely mazut (heating oil), coal, bio fuels,
and combustible waste. These boilers therefore have the company’s attention and Era-Power LLC hopes to contribute to a,
compared to today, significant improvement of the utilization of the calorific value of these fuels and benefit the environment
as well as the Russian population. The large economic savings that are achieved by using the Aerovit system will be used directly
for the reduction of the tariffs that the district heating consumers currently pay for the heat.

In addition to Russia Era-Power LLC works at present to establish subsidiaries in both Ukraine and Belarus which are also
largely deselecting expensive gas for other fossil fuels, wood chips and waste, all of which fit the Aerovit system perfectly.

J O U R N A L N 0 . 2 / 2 0 1 2 www.dbdh.dk
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list of members
Aalborg Engineering Phone +45 9631 3950
Supplier of boilers and boiler systems Fax +45 9631 3951
ae@aalborg-engineering.dk
www.aalborg-engineering.com
Danfoss Phone +45 7488 2222
Heating controls, metering Fax +45 7449 0949
and pump speed control danfoss@danfoss.com
www.danfoss.com

ABB Phone +45 4450 4450 DESMI Phone +45 9632 8111
Monitoring and control for Fax +45 4450 4311 Pumps, pump systems and equipment Fax +45 9817 5499
district heating networks abb@dk.abb.com desmi@desmi.com
www.abb.com www.desmi.com

Aerovit Phone +45 8692 4422 E.ON Danmark A/S Phone: +45 4485 4100
Boiler cleaning Fax +45 8692 2919 Tore.Harritshoj@eon.dk
sales@aerovit.dk www.eon.dk
www. aerovit.dk

AffaldVarme Aarhus Phone +45 8940 1500 Envotherm Phone +45 7365 0900
jawi@akv.aarhus.dk Waste water solutions Fax: +45 7442 4770
www.aarhuskommune.dk info@envotherm.dk
www.envotherm.dk

Albertslund Fjernvarme Phone +45 4364 8692 Fjernvarme Fyn Phone +45 6547 3000
District heating company Fax +45 4364 3888 Municipal district heating supply Fax +45 6547 3001
albertslund@albertslund.dk kontakt@fjernvarmefyn.dk
www.fjernvarmefyn.dk

Amagerforbrænding Phone +45 3268 9300 Focus Energy Phone +45 9714 2022
Waste and energy company Fax +45 3268 9393 Biomass-based boiler systems Fax +45 9714 2686
amfor@amfor.dk post@focusenergy.dk
www.amfor.dk www.focusenergy.dk

ARCON Solar A/S Phone +45 9839 1477 Forsyning Helsingør Phone +45 4840 5050
Large-scale thermal solar systems Fax +45 9839 2005 Muncipal district heating supply sag@fh.dk
www.arcon.dk www.fh.dk

Broen Phone +45 6471 2095 Frederiksberg Forsyning Phone +45 3818 5100
Ballomax valves Fax +45 6471 2195 Municipal district heating supply Fax +45 3818 5199
broen@broen.dk ff@frb-forsyning.dk
www.broen.com www.frb-forsyning.dk

Brunata Phone +45 7777 7000 Grontmij Phone +45 4348 6060
Heat cost allocators, heat meters, Fax +45 7777 7001 Consulting engineers and planners Fax +45 4348 6660
water meters and heat and water brunata@brunata.dk info@grontmij.dk
accounting service www.brunata.com www.grontmij.com

BWSC Phone +45 4814 0022 Grundfos Phone +45 8750 1400
Heat & power plant developer, turnkey Fax +45 4814 0150 Pumps, controls and Fax +45 8750 1490
and operation contractor sales@bwsc.dk related equipment grundfos@grundfos.com
www.bwsc.dk www.grundfos.com

Cowi Phone +45 5640 0000 HentechSolution ApS Phone +45 4390 4720
Consulting engineers and planners Fax +45 5640 9999 Mechanical seals Fax +45 4390 4775
cowi@cowi.dk huhnseal@huhnseal.dk
www.cowi.dk www.huhnseal.dk

CTR Phone +45 3818 5777 Hydro-X Phone +45 9828 2111
Metropolitan Copenhagen Fax +45 3818 5799 Boiler water treatment Fax +45 9828 3021
Heating Transmission Company ctr@ctr.dk info@hydro-x.dk
www.ctr.dk www.hydro-x.dk

Dall Energy Phone +45 2987 2222 Iron Pump Phone +45 4491 6788
New Biomass Technologies info@dallenergy.com Manufacturer of pumps Fax +45 4454 7119
www.dallenergy.com bts@ironpump.dk
www.ironpump.com

E N E R G Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N T
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Isoplus Fjernvarmeteknik Phone +45 6441 6109 SK Forsyning Phone +45 5836 2500
Preinsulated piping systems Fax +45 6441 6159 Municipal district heating supply Fax +45 5836 2501
for district heating and cooling iso@isoplus.dk info@skforsyning.dk
www.isoplus.dk www.skforsyning.dk

Kamstrup Phone +45 8993 1000 SPX Flow Technology Phone +45 7027 8444
Supplier of energy meters & automatic Fax +45 8993 1001 Supplier of plate heat exchangers, Fax +45 7632 4110
meter reading systems for heat, cooling, energi@kamstrup.dk hybrid heat exchangers and solutions apv.emea.heat@spx.com
water and gas www.kamstrup.com for district energy www.apv.com

Københavns Energi Phone +45 2795 2750 TVIS Phone +45 7594 0711
Copenhagen Energy Fax +45 2795 2012 Heat transmission company tvis@tvis.net
ke@ke.dk of Denmark’s ”triangle area”. www.tvis.net
www.ke.dk

Logstor Phone +45 9966 1000 VEKS Phone +45 4366 0366
Preinsulated transmission Fax +45 9966 1180 West Copenhagen Heating Fax +45 4366 0369
and distribution pipes logstor@logstor.com Transmission Company veks@veks.dk
www.logstor.com www.veks.dk

Niras Phone +45 6312 1581 Vestforbrænding Phone +45 4485 7000
Consulting engineers and planners Fax +45 4014 2784 Power and heat supply based on Fax +45 4485 7001
niras@niras.dk waste incineration vestfor@vestfor.dk
www.niras.dk www.vestfor.dk

Rambøll Phone +45 5161 1000 DBDH Phone +45 3818 5440
Consulting engineers and planners Fax +45 5161 1001 Secretariat dbdh@dbdh.dk
ramboll@ramboll.dk www.dbdh.dk
www.ramboll.com

7-Technologies Phone +45 45 900 700

Quality software for profitable Fax +45 4590 0701
operation of industriel plants sales@7t.dk
and utilities www.7t.dk

CHP
a benefit for the environment

west copenhagen heating transmission company

roskildevej 175, dk-2620 Albertslund
t +45 43 66 03 66 veks@veks.dk www.veks.dk

J O U R N A L N 0 . 2 / 2 0 1 2 www.dbdh.dk
 The bar is getting higher ...

before:

during:

P i n d P r o m o t o r . d k 19831
after:

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LOGSTOR A/S
Danmarksvej 11 · DK-9670 Løgstør
Tel. +45 9966 1000 · Fax +45 9966 1180
logstor@logstor.com · www.logstor.com