PROJECT REPORT ON

Extortion and Criminal intimidation: Essential

And Differences with analysis of Cases

Submitted to: Submitted By:

Manisha Chakraborty Priyanshu kumar
(Faculty of Criminal law) Ul21ba035
XLS, Bhubaneswar
 CONTENT
 What is extortion

 Example of Extortion

 What is criminal intimidation

 Example of Criminal intimidation

 Essentials of Extortion and Criminal

intimidation

 Difference between Extortion and Criminal

intimidation

 Punishment for Extortion

 Punishment for Criminal intimidation

 Case laws related to Extortion

 Case laws related to Criminal intimidation
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Writing a research paper is the most difficult task I am facing in my college life. Though this
project is submitted by me but there are many people who supported me backstage in
completion of this Project
Firstly I am very thankful to my Faculty mrs. Manisha Chakraborty for her very constant and
kind support without her support the completion of this Project was not Possible. She took
time from her busy schedule to help me to complete this project and suggested me from
where and how to collect data and material also suggested ways to complete this project in
easy manner.
I acknowledge my Family and friends who gave there valuable time and suggestion with
there valuable advice which was very important in making this project there support cannot
be ignored in completion of this project.
I want to convey most sincere thanks to my teachers for giving their support and advices
throughout making of this Project. I would also express my sincere gratitude for our seniors
who played a vital role in completion of this project
Last, but not least , I would like to thank the Almighty for obvious reasons

Priyanshu Kumar
UL21ba035
 ABSTRACT
Criminal law is a body of rules and statues that define conduct Prohibited by the state
because
It threatens and harms Public safety and welfare and that establish punishment to be imposed
for the commission of such acts. A crime is of many types and it is differentiated on the,
basis of how it is committed so one of a type of a crime is Extortion and Criminal
intimidation. So in this paper I will be analysing the Difference between Extortion and
Criminal intimidation, and also stating the essential ingredient to be called as Extortion or
Criminal Intimidation. The Extortion and Criminal intimidation will also be Explained with
the help of Case studies. And I will also analyse the cases and judgment given on the matter
of Extortion and Criminal intimidation. The Project will also consist of Punishment for
Extortion and criminal intimidation. The term extortion is enumerated in section 383 of
Indian penal code The term extortion means Extortion is the dishonest act of inducing
someone to transfer to another person any property, a valuable security, or anything signed
or sealed that could be changed into a valuable security by purposefully inciting that person
to fear harm to themselves or others. Extortion is also reffered as means of committing theft
or robbery whereas criminal intimidation means By definition, intimidation is deliberate
activity designed to make the victim fearful of damage or worse in order to elicit the desired
response. This term makes it quite evident that an occurrence of this nature must have
criminal consequences. As a result, the Indian Criminal Code Section 503 under "Chapter
XXII," which deals solely with criminal intimidation, insulted harassment, lists a specific set
of prohibitions against such activity. According to this section, anyone who threatens another
person with physical harm, harm to their reputation or property, or the same to anyone in
whom they have an interest, with the intent to cause alarm or to force them to perform an act
for which they are not legally required, or to refrain from performing an act for which they
are legally permitted to carry out such a threat is criminal intimidation. A comparable topic
is covered by Section 507 of the IPC, which is illegal intimidation through anonymous
communication. The non-cognizable and bailable offence category includes Section
503.Criminal intimidation is also termed as a means of commiting crime by an other person
by putting him/her in fear of injury so that he does something which he is not bound to so
section 384 to 389 of Indian penal code talks about the punishment of offence of Extortion it
says maximum three year punishment is given for the offence of Extortion or fine or both
whereas in criminal intimidation the section 504 to 506 of Indian penal code talks about the
punishment for Criminal intimidation it says that punishment for criminal intimidation can
be given maximum for 2 year or fine or both along with all this extortion I have also
discussed cases related to Extortion and criminal intimidation. I have also mentioned the
basic ingredients needed to be called as a offence of Extortion or criminal intimidation. I
have also given a very detail and exhaustive list of example related to Extortion and Criminal
intimidation along with illustration I have also mentioned a exhaustive list of case laws
related to extortion an criminal intimidation
 What is Extortion?
Extortion is enumerated in section 383 of the Indian Penal Code section 383 of Indian Penal
code says “whoever intentionally puts any person in fear of any injury to that person, or to
any other, and thereby dishonestly induces the person so put in fear to deliver to any person
any property or valuable security, or anything signed or sealed which may be converted into
a valuable security of the person through threat or force
Extortion simply means taking of someone valuable property or something valuable
substances from the possession of the owner by threatening him or making him in fear to put
him into death extortion is also stated as demand of valuable substances under terror without
any reasonability.
By many legal researcher it has been stated that Extortion is a activity between the robbery
and theft. If an offender takes some valuable object or property out of the perview of the
owner of that Property without his/her consent or permission then it is termed as theft
whereas if a offender takes away some valuable object or property in front of the eyes of the
owner or the property holder then it falls under the umbrella of robbery and the offender is
punished for the crime of robbery but between both these theft and robbery extortion comes
into an action in Extortion if a offender takes away some valuable object or property without
the consent of owner or the property holder by putting the owner or the property holders or
their family member by putting them or showing them fear of injury or death is termed as
Extortion
To call it as a offence under Extortion the offender should must put another person in a fear
of causing injury or death to that person and tells him/ her to handover some valuable
property or valuable security or any document or papers which can be converted into
valuable security later onwards. Therefore it is said that only the intention of causing
wrongful loss or Wrongful gain , mere causing of Wrongful loss Would not be sufficient for
an offence but their should be actual and real delivery of goods (Property) by creating the
fear in the mind of the owner or the Property holder and that fear should also be in high in
degree like fear of hurt or grievous hurt or fear of death. In the act of extortion the Actus reus
plays the most important role of the offender clubbed with dishonest intention of taking
someone property without the consent of owner or the property holder.
The offence of Extortion enumerated in section 384 of IPC is a cognizable offense it means
that the police can arrest the offender of extortion or the person accused of extortion without
a warrant in hand of police. the offence of Extortion is non-bailable offense it means that the
bail of the person accused of Extortion is fully dependable on the discretion of the court that
the bail should be given or not. The bail of a person depends on case to case basis In certain
case a person may get bail whereas in certain case person may not also get the bail.
The offense of Extortion enumerated in section 384 of IPC is an Non-compoundable it
means that compounding is a term basically it is a process where the victim and the accused
agree to settle their dispute out of the court in order to avoid the trial of the court but the case
of Extortion can not be compromised out side the court it has to be prosecuted within the
court any how. It is so because there are certain crimes or offences which are so heinous
grave.

Examples of Extortion
Some of the Examples of Extortion are :
 Threatening to publish your ex's naked pictures online if they don't allow their phone
to be unblocked

 If a corporation doesn't pay a ransom, hackers threaten to publicly reveal its

employees' bank account information and financial information.

 threatening to set fire to the home of your previous employer unless they pay you
$10,000

 telling your partner that if they don't pay for your new apartment so you can move out,
you'll accuse them of rape after discovering they cheated on you

 threatening to reveal an individual's address and phone number unless they hand over
all of their priceless jewellery

 threatening to publish texts between a married employee and CEO that are sexually
explicit until money is supplied

 Upon learning that your husband had an affair with three married persons, you
demand $5,000 from each of them or you will notify their families.

 sending emails threatening victims with the publication of their private information if
they don't pay a ransom within a week

 A convinces Z to sign and deliver the bond by threatening to send clubmen to plough
up Z's field if Z doesn't agree to sign and deliver to B a bond obliging Z under penalty
of delivery of specified produce to B. A has engaged in extortion.
  (d) A dishonestly causes Z to sign or seal a piece of blank paper and provide it to A by
making Z fear suffering great harm. Z signs the document and gives it to A. In this
case, the signed paper might become an useful security. A has engaged in extortion.

What is Criminal Intimidation?

Before understanding criminal intimidation let us first understand what is Intimidation it
means putting a person in a stage of fear to let him/her do something or not to do something
so thus criminal intimidation means that whenever a person intentionally threatens a person
or put someone in a fear of injury or death so that a person does something against the law.
So here the accused put a person in a fear of injury so he can act against the law and this
action of a person against the law leads to the intimidators profit or benefit. The intimidator
shows activity or uses words to threaten and injure the victims body, Property reputation or
reputation of family member
According to section 503 of Indian Penal code 1860 it defines the term criminal intimidation
Section 503 of IPC says that whoever threatens another with any injury to his person ,
reputation of any one in whom that person is interested , with intent to cause alarm to that
person, or to cause that person to do any act which he is not legally bound to do, or to omit to
do any act which that person is legally entitled to do so as the means of avoiding the
execution of such threats
The Provision of Criminal intimidation is divided into two parts:
 The primary part tells about putting another person into a fearful situation to harm his
person, reputation or property or to any such persons reputation or property in whom
that persons has vested interest
 The secondary section tells about the intention of the intimidator. The intent can also
be further divided into two parts
1. Intent which puts the victim into fear
2. Intent makes the victim commit an illegal act or not do something the victim is
legally bound to do.
The Section 503 which is enumerated under Indian penal code is an bailable offence which
means that accused will be given temporary release on the condition that a sum of money is
deposited by accused. The offender will get the bail from the police station only that means
he will not be sent to jail he will stay outside the jail and his trial will be happening in his
respective court. The section 503 of IPC is non cognizable offence it means that police can
not arrest the accused without warrant as well as he can not set up an investigation upoun the
accused until an unless the police have a prior order from the court
How to file for or defend against IPC section 503
Crimes involving the threat of death or great bodily injury are covered by Section 503. It
follows that dealing with accusations for such offences, particularly for the latter, can be
highly time-consuming. Hence, it is always advised to familiarise yourself with the law and
its actual application before getting involved, whether to file or defend. Criminal
intimidation carries a maximum sentence of two years in prison and/or a fine, but threats of
death or serious bodily harm have a maximum sentence of seven years in prison and/or a
fine, or both.

Examples of criminal intimidation

Some of the Examples of Criminal intimidation are:
 A threatens to set B's home on fire in an effort to get B to drop his civil lawsuit. A is
guilty of intimidating people unlawfully.

 A threatens to set B's home on fire to dissuade him from bringing a legal lawsuit. A is
guilty of intimidating people unlawfully.

 A threatens to kill B's wife in an effort to persuade B not to file a complaint against
him. A might face punishment if found guilty of the crime of criminal intimidation.

 A threatens to kill one of B's children if he doesn't perform a certain thing, under the
circumstances that the killing will be perceived as being in conflict with the will of
God. According to this provision, "A" has committed an offence.

 A crime of criminal intimidation is committed if a person named X puts a gun to

another person's head and forces him to give him 10 lakh rupees since his body is
expressly threatened.

 If a female worker warned her boss that she would file a bogus sexual harassment
complaint against him if he didn't pay her 50 lakh rupees. The employer's reputation is
obviously at risk, hence this incident qualifies as criminal intimidation under Section
503 of the IPC.

 If a labour contractor compels a daily wage worker to work for him for very little
money, and if the worker refuses, the contractor will seize the worker's personal things
and light them on fire. Criminal intimidation is the crime that is committed here

 If Mohan doesn't pay him 5 lakh rupees, a man by the name of Ram threatens to leak
his daughter's pornographic images. Here, Ram is threatening to harm Mohan's
daughter's reputation, which constitutes illegal intimidation

 Imagine some terrorists took control of a government plane and threatened to kill
every passenger unless the Indian government complied with their demand. Hence, act
 of threatening becomes the source of anxiety and suffering. As a result, criminal
intimidation is a crime that is committed.

Essentials ingredients of Extortion

In order to call it as an offence of Extortion following ingredients should be satisfied:

 Putting a person into fear of injury or death intentionally

There are two main component of this ingredient that is
(a) putting in fear of death or injury intentionally; and
(b) To whom – to himself /victim; or
- to another /to any other

 Dishonestly inducing the person so put in fear to deliver to any person, any
valuable goods or Property

 There should be Property Movable or immovable)

 There should be dishonest intention of offender

Essential ingredients of Criminal intimidation

In order to call it as an offence of Criminal intimidation following ingredients should be

satisfied:

 Causing injury to a person

 Causing injury to a person reputation

  Causing injury to a person property

 Causing injury to a another person or the reputation of anybody in whom the

victim is interested.

Difference between Extortion and Criminal

Intimidation
Following are the differences between Extortion and criminal intimidation:
 Section 383 of Indian penal code talks (Define) Extortion

 Section 503 of Indian penal code talks (Define) Criminal intimidation

 Here a person puts an individual into a state or apprehension of fear of injury or death
so that the person who has been put into the fear can deliver some valuable property
or valuable security to that person

 When someone threatens another with harm to their person, property, or reputation,
forcing them to do or say something they are not legally compelled to, they have
committed this crime.

 The main reason why extortion is done is to obtain monetary benefit or to get some
valuable security

 The main reason why criminal intimidation is done is to threaten someone to do any
activity that he is not liable to do or to induce someone not to do anything which he is
legally bound to do that

 Both real and constructive force are applied in Extortion

 Only constructive force is applied in criminal intimidation

 Delivery of property plays the major important role in this offence

 In criminal intimidation there is no delivery of property, money or valuable security

  Maximum 3 years of punishment is given for the offence of Extortion

 Maximum 2 years of punishment is given for the offence of Criminal intimidation

Punishment for Extortion

Section 384 to 389 of Indian Penal code talks about the punishment For
Extortion
Following are the punishment for Extortion:
Section 384
"Anyone who commits shall be punished with imprisonment which may extend to 3 years,
with fine, or with both," states Section 384 of the Indian Criminal Code. Section 384
offences are not listed as compoundable offences (Section 320). It is a crime that can be
charged, bailed out, and tried by any magistrate.
Section 385
According to Section 385 of the IPC, anyone who commits extortion by placing or
attempting to put another person in fear of violence or damage is subject to a two-year prison
sentence, a fine, or both. This section's offence is a cognizable one. Any magistrate may set
bail and try the case. This offence cannot be compounded.
Section 386
According to Section 386, anyone who puts another person in fear of imminent death or
serious harm to them or to others will be penalised with up to ten years in prison and a fine.
The offence described in this Section is punishable by a magistrate of the first class and is
cognizable, non-bailable, non-compoundable, and triable.
Section 387
According to Section 387, anyone who engages in extortion or seeks to make another person
fear for their safety or the safety of another person would face a fine and a sentence of up to
seven years in jail.
Section 388
Extortion with the threat of making a false accusation of a crime is punishable by ten years in
prison and a fine, according to Section 388. Accused extort money by making anyone fearful
of being falsely accused of an innocent person or others.
Example: C called D and threatened to file a phoney police report alleging that D murdered
someone if D did not give him one lakh. D immediately paid that sum. In this instance, C
will face Section 388 penalties.
Section 389
Anyone who, in order to commit extortion, puts or tries to put anyone in fear of being
accused of committing or attempting to commit an offence punishable by death, life in
prison, or a term of imprisonment that may last up to ten years will be punished with either
type of imprisonment for a term that may last up to ten years and will also be subject to fine;

Punishment for Criminal intimidation

Section 506 of Indian penal code talks about the punishment for criminal
intimidation
Section 506
Criminal intimidation is a crime that carries a punishment of either imprisonment of either
kind for a duration that may last up to two years, a fine, or both;
If the threat is to cause death or great bodily harm, or to start a fire that destroys property, or
to start an offence that carries a sentence of life in prison or at least seven years in jail, or to
accuse a woman of being unchaste, the offender will be punished with imprisonment of
either description for a term that may reach seven years, or with a fine, or with both.
 Case laws related to Extortion
1. Deliberately putting a person in fear of hurt or injury
A.R. Antulay, the chief minister, questioned the sugar cooperatives whose cases were
pending before the government for consideration in R. S. Nayak v. A.R. Antulay
(1984) and pledged to look into their cases. According to the Supreme Court, these facts do
not amount to an extortion crime. Fear and threat are crucial components in extortion. It was
established that the administration of sugar cooperatives had not been threatened and had
given their approval for the payment of the contribution.

2. Dishonest inducement to the person

In Biram Lal and Ors. v. State (2006), the complainant filed a complaint
alleging that the accused and other community members had committed an illegal or
unlawful offence by degrading and fining community members. The court determined that if
extortion was determined to have occurred, the victim must have been dishonestly persuaded
to relinquish his property. It is a crucial component since consent will be obtained through
the owner's deceptive inducement. Even if the victim did not really receive his property as a
result of the offender's inducement, at the very least, the victim's agreement to deliver it was
required

3. Delivery of Valuable security

In Anil B. Nadkarni and Ors. v. Amitesh Kumar (2001), the accused's
attorney argued that the transfer of property by the owner of the property to the accused must
be done when the owner is threatened with harm or has reasonable cause to fear harm.
However, the court rejected the accused's argument. The court ruled that in order to give any
property or assets, a person must falsely place another person in fear of harm.

4. Romesh Chandra Arora v. the State (1960) involved an accused

who threatened to publish a photograph of a kid and a girl who had been coerced into
stripping off and then demanded full payment. The accused claimed that his job
involved using girls as a form of extortion. He also threatened the victims by sending
their photos to the girls' families. Under the Code, he could be punished. The accused
was found guilty because he had threatened to damage females' reputations and
demand money from them.
5. In the 1996 case State of Karnataka v. Basavegowda Alias
Chandra, the complainant's wife and the accused (husband) went to the jungle on
the guise of attending a friend's wedding. If she didn't give him all of her jewellery, he
said he'd murder her. He threw a large stone at her and fled when he spotted two men
approaching. The accused was found guilty in this case under Section 384 of the IPC
of extorting jewellery by putting his wife's life in danger.
6. In Gursharan Singh v. State of Punjab(1996), the accused was found
guilty of extortion under Section 387 for threatening the people from whom they were
demanding money with terrifying consequences if money was not paid to them. The
accused had demanded money for the purchase of weapons to be used against
terrorists.
7. The court determined in Dhananjay Kumar Singh v. State of Bihar
(2007) that while a thief's goal in theft is usually to take property or jewels without
the owner's consent, in extortion, the consent must be obtained through terror because
the owner should deliver property by providing his assent.
8. The court noted in Venugopal and Others v. State of Karnataka
(2008) that a significant majority of robberies will involve both stealing and
extortion. If the perpetrator places the victim in immediate danger of death, immediate
injury, or unlawful restraint of either the victim or another person while the victim is
present, or if the victim is coerced into doing so, then the act of extortion qualifies as
robbery. There can be no instance of robbery that does not fall under the category of
theft or extortion. Let's use an illustration to better understand:
9. Amitesh Kumar v. Anil B. Nandakarni & others In that instance, the
defence attorney for the accused argued that since there had been no transfer of
property or valuable security to the accused, there was no need to prove the element
required for conviction under section 383 of the IPC.According to the Honorable
Bombay High Court, an offence need not always be proven in its entirety. According
to the illustrious Supreme Court decision in Rajesh Bajaj v. State of NCT of Delhi &
others, the accused will be tried for extortion if the victim can show that it was done.
10. Maharashtra State v. Lalit Vilasrao Thakre In that case, the Hon'ble
High Court of Bombay determined that forcing someone to write their name or leave a
thumbprint on blank paper might not constitute extortion because a blank piece of
paper cannot be turned into a valuable security.A property transfer or valuable security
must be handed to the recipient, according IPC section 383a. The accused was ruled
innocent and released from charges of extortion under section 383 of the IPC by the
court. He had received a sentence under section 327 of the IPC from a lower court.
11.In Rajesh Bajaj v. State NCT of Delhi & Ors. the Court decided that in
circumstances like these, it should not adopt a hypo-technical stance. It is sufficient to
prosecute the accused for extortion if the victim is able to establish and build a solid
case that the accused committed the crime. The complainant is not rendered
susceptible if one or more requirements for the offence are not satisfied.
12.The Honourable Supreme Court of India recently refused a petition for bail submitted
by a person who was in jail and was accused of extortion in the case of Rambeer
Shokeen Vs. State (NCT of Delhi) The accused committed a number of offences
in which he threatened powerful businesses with harm in one way or another until they
paid him a large sum of money. When it came to this case, the investigating officer
had requested an extension of time to file the charge sheet because he needed more
time to determine how much property the defendant actually owned.

Case laws related to criminal intimidation

1. In Vikram Johar v. State of Uttar Pradesh (2019), the Supreme Court
made the observation that the simple act of assaulting someone in foul language does
not meet the necessary elements of the crime of criminal intimidation. The accuser
allegedly entered the complainant's home with a handgun and verbally abused him.
They also tried to attack him, but as the neighbours showed up, they ran away from
the scene. The Court determined that the aforementioned accusations do not, at first
glance, amount to criminal intimidation.
2. In its recent ruling in Shri Padma Mohan Jamatia vs. Smt. Jharna Das
Baidya (2019), the Tripura High Court made the observation that the IPC's
prohibitions against criminal intimidation do not apply to a political leader's simple
use of profane or abusive language or body language while speaking.
3. The Apex Court ruled in Manik Taneja v. State of Karnataka (2015)
that making comments on a Facebook page criticising the treatment of police officers
may not constitute criminal intimidation. In this instance, the appellant collided with
an auto-rickshaw during a traffic accident. The car's occupant suffered injuries and
was subsequently taken to the hospital. The injured party's expenditures were properly
covered by the appellant, and no FIR was filed. She was subsequently summoned to
the police station where she allegedly faced threats from the cops. She complained
about the way she was treated on the Bangalore Traffic Police's Facebook page,
accusing the officer of using abusive language and harassing tactics. For this act, the
Police Inspector reported the appellants, and a FIR was lodged under Sections 353 and
506 of the IPC. The Bench determined that the appellant did not intend to raise
suspicion in violation of Section 503 of the IPC.
4. It was determined in the case of Amitabh Adhar v. NCT of Delhi (2000)
that a simple threat does not qualify as criminal intimidation. The target of the threat
must be intended to become alarmed.
5. In the 2004 case of Shri Vasant Waman Pradhan v. Dattatraya
Vithal Salvi, it was decided that the motivation behind illegal intimidation is what
makes it effective. It must be determined based on the environment.
6. InAmulya Kumar Behera vs. Nabhagana Behera Alias Nabina
(1995), the Orissa High Court considered the definition of the word "alarm." The
Court ruled that the mere use of any word without any purpose to scare others did not
fall within the purview of Section 506. The Court also noted that this clause is very
recent and that "fear" or "distress" had previously been suggested as alternatives to
"alarm."
The complainant in this instance claimed that the accused used profane words to insult
him and that if the witnesses hadn't stepped in, he would have sustained more injuries
in addition to the accused's fist hit. The complainant acknowledged that he did not find
the threat made by the accused to be alarming. The Court determined that no case
could be built since an essential component of the crime was missing.
7. In the case of Romesh Chandra Arora v. State, the Supreme Court
clarified the parameters of Section 503, IPC (1960). The appellant was accused with
criminal intimidation in this instance. The accused threatened to harm a person X and
his daughter's reputation if money wasn't given to him by publishing a nude photo of
the girl. It was intended to frighten them. According to the court, the accused wanted
to raise suspicion in order to obtain the money and make sure he did not carry out his
threat to publish the harmful photos on a public platform.
8. The threat need not be immediate or physical in nature. The Court declared in Re
A.K. Gopalan vs. The State of Madras, Union of India : Intervener (1950)
that a speaker at a public assembly was guilty of criminal intimidation if he threatened
police officers stationed at Malabar with harm to their person, property, or reputation.
9. The accused allegedly threatened the female instructors in the 1989 case of
Anuradha Kshirsagar v. State of Maharashtra by yelling that they should
be grabbed by their hair, kicked on their waists, and dragged out of the auditorium.
According to the Bombay High Court, these comments were criminal intimidation,
which is a crime.
10.In the 1927 case of Nand Kishore v. Emperor, a butcher who sold beef was
threatened with imprisonment if he engaged in the actions of buying or selling beef.
His right to live in the municipality was also in danger. According to the Court, this
constituted criminal intimidation.
11.The court ruled in Doraswamy Ayyar v. King-Emperor (1924) that the threat of
divine punishment could not fall under the definition of criminal intimidation.
Threateners cannot be held accountable for the crime of criminal intimidation if they
are unable to carry out their threats.
12.In the 1995 case Keshav Baliram Naik v. State of Maharashtra , it
was claimed that the defendant caressed the prosecutrix, a blind girl, while she was
dozing off before removing her quilt and putting his hand inside her clothes. If she
revealed his identity, he vowed to murder her. In addition to other offences, the Court
determined that this case involved criminal intimidation under Part II of the Act.
 13.The accused in Ghanshyam v. State of Madhya Pradesh (1989) entered the
home at night while carrying a knife. He expressed threats to harm the locals.
According to Part II of the provision, this was determined to be criminal intimidation.
A suggestion for criminal law change is to take the threat of suicide into consideration.
(1989) entered the home at night while carrying a knife. He expressed threats to harm
the locals. According to Part II of the provision, this was determined to be criminal
intimidation.

REFERENCES
https://www.ambeaulaw.com/blog/2020/november/8-examples-of-extortion-to-know
https://blog.ipleaders.in/theft-extortion-indian-penal-code/
Indiankanoon.org
www.lawtendo.com
timesofindia.indiatimes.com
https://www.ambeaulaw.com/blog/2020/november/8-examples-of-extortion-to-know
https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/5608fdb8e4b014971114ed4b
https://crlreview.in/2019/01/27/extortion-indian-penal-code/
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https://legalstudymaterial.com/criminal-intimidation-under-indian-penal-code/
https://getlegalindia.com/extortion/
PSA Pillais 14 th edition criminal law book