a. Variables b. Operators c. Data Types d. Data Structures : vector matrix array data frames list e. Decision Making : if else f. Loops : for while and repeat , flow control statements g. User defined functions 2. Data Analysis : Descriptive Analysis a. Data import b. Data Manipulation c. Data Exploration d. Data Visualization 3. Statistics : Descriptive a. Measures of Central Tendencies b. Measures of Spread c. Data Distribution 4. Inferential Statistics a. Confidence Interval b. Hypothesis /testing : Z test T test ANOVA Chi square test of independence c. Correlation d. Regression : Linear & Logistic 5. ML : Classification & Clustering a. Decision Trees b. KNN c. Naïve Bayes d. Principal component Analysis e. Hierarchical Clustering f. K Means Clustering 6. Association Rules : Apriori