z note

define the abortion?

abortion incidence?

etiology of abortion?

spontaneous abortion

causes?

clinical type of spontaneous abortion ?

Threatened abortion
clinical picture ?
investigation ?
treatment ?
prognosis ?

inevitable abortion

clinical picture ?

investigation ?

treatment ?

prognosis ?

incomplete abortion

clinical picture ?

investigation ?

treatment ?

prognosis ?

z note 1
 complete abortion

define?

missed abortion

clinical picture ?

investigation ?

treatment ?

prognosis ?

septic abortion

routes of infection ?

clinical picture?

investigation?

treatment?

complication?

habitual abortion (recurrent pregnancy loss)

define?

causes?

incidence?

when to evaluate?

+ve history of important in this case?

Important history item in this case?

causes of RPL in early 1st trimester?

causes of RPL in late 1st and 2nd trimester?

early or late ?

examination?

general (important finding?)

bimanual pelvic (why ?)

z note 2
 investigation?

treatment?

between pregnancy

during pregnancy

cervical incompetence

definition?

incidince?

etiology?

diagnosis?

treatment?

Cerclage operation during pregnancy, more rest & tocolytic

supplementation is also needed.

cerclage operation types?

cervical cerclage?

definition?

elective prophylactic procedure. placement of a circumferential

suture encircling the upper cervical canal at the cervico-
vaginal junction

preformed at & removed at?

types?

McDonald's procedure

definition?

Shirodkar'sprocedure

definition?
indication?

z note 3
 abdominal cerclage?

recommended in cases of ?

1. recurrent abortion with previously failed vaginal cerclage

and

2. when vaginal approach is difficult with distorted cervical

anatomy.

done by?
• laparotomy

patient is delivered by?

CS > 36 weeks and cerclage suture is left in situ.

z note 4