mindanao notes

Visayan is known to be low landers meanwhile, Mindanao has a diverse culture. This is
due to:

Religions

Ethnic groups

Ethnolinguistics

But most are influenced by the Muslim culture.

ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

Based on the teachings of prophet Muhammed which is to believe in one God, Allah.

Concept of heaven and hell and judgement day.

Civilization on Islamic faith is called MUHAMMADANISM

Muslims are the follower of islam

5 PILLARS OF ISLAM:

Shahada - declaring of one’s faith

Salat - scheduled prayer about 5 times a day ( dawn, noon, afternoon, sunset
and evening)

Zakat - giving to those whose in need

Sawm - fasting during ramadan

Hajj - Pilgrimage to mecca or religious bases

DENOMINATIONS OF ISLAM:

callips are the ones that led the islamic

SUNNIS 4 calliphs as true successors of Muhammad

SHIITE does not belive an karapatdapat dapat daw blood related.

WHHABI established on 18th century - strict of interterpreting Islam follow

young quran

ALAWAITE halo halo young beliefs (Christian and Zoroastrian)

KHARIJITES disagree in selecting the leader/callips (in relation to Christian ay

pope) known for radical fundamentalism called Ibadis.

NATION OF ISLAM ay youngest and founder ay african-american found in

Detroit, Michigan

ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

7th century diverse territories from spani to west India to west absorbing of
cultures

the architectural element is dependent as geographical location and cultural

influences. adapting of styles

mindanao notes 1
 this is to invite locals since through adapting they will be persusaded

ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER

masculine and warrior like

militaristic

reflects missionary

mosque and pinaka kilala

ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS

arches

masonry domes

tunnel vaults

calligraphy

floral motifs

geometric framework

this is to avoid young animal chuchu an design

(aniconism) dahil sa quaran an demonyo daw yun at idoletry

no human resprentations for it challenges allah in respect ganun

Adaptation of byzantine, sassanians etc

MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE

Muslim Scholar Abraham Sakili - sakili is in line with astrology

(mga tala) sila yung nagmmaintain

this is called tawid that means unity of Allah – isang doctrine that articulates with
Islamic cosmology. It governs the concept

geometry (repetitive) diverts one imagination from human and direct

as pagdadasal

basata walang mga rebulto, upuan and everything.

Calligraphic inscription redirects the minds of the worshhippers to the spirituality

TWO ELEMENTS OF MUSLIM SPACE

Diversity of space:

QUIBLA SPACE: orientation to quibla axis to mecca; orienting yung altar

Application of calligraphy, vegetal reliefs and geometric patterns.

Will deliver viewr to perception of divine transcendence

in accordance to islamic cosmos

MOSQUE: kung saan nagwworship ang islams

most of the layout except for china ay stone and gamit or clay

geographically at geographical influence

mindanao notes 2
 Iran and Central Asia: Bi-axial four Iwan type

Anatolia: Massive central dome

The Indian subcontinent: triple domes and extensive coutryard

South east asia: central pyramidal roof construction

post and lintel technology young layout ng mosque sa south east Asia

pero sa southeast Asia an limited lang ag source of materials they instead

use wod fro construction and technology
influence wala pa ganoong development

Spain, North Africa: Hypostyle hall and open courtyard

China: Detached pavilions within a walled garden enclosure

PARTS AND FEATURES:

color – important part of decoration

sahn - courtyard

fawara – ablution fountain for washing

minaret - tower (ngayon integrated an ng technology)

iwan - vaulting

mimbar – isang pulpit(for sermon) that symbolizes the recalling of three steps
from how mugammad addressed his followers

qibla - this should be oriented to mecca - qibla wall

mihrab – altar or a niche decorative panel designated sa qibla

riwag – arcade hall of a mosque

musalla – [rayer hall

imam and pair

portico - arcade of columns

Hilal - cresent moon

Central Nave

muqarna – stalactite: it represents cave this is where allah received his

revelations sa loob naganap young pagpapakita ni angel gabrielle kay
Muhammed pastol siya tas hinanap tas napadpad sa kweba doon na lumabas young
angel gabrielle inatasan na gawin young Islam to worship Allah

maqsurah - protects worshippers especially rulers from assassins

dikka – raided tribune dito nirerecite yung quaran and prayers for imams

imam – islam leaders nila

PALACE:

meant to represent oasis on earth

mindanao notes 3
 joyous design that is traced from muslim ritual and belief

involves daylight gardens with water features

may living quarters for men and women

harem - babe

dar - men's apartment

selamuk - men guest quarter

very welcoming and mga Muslim as travellers to protect nalang siguro sa guest

ISLAM IN PHILIPPINES

Spread of Islam in the Philippines

missionaries ng mga Islam in 1380

karim ul makhdum first Islam to reash ph in sulu

dapat trade lang pero nakapag influence an agad siya with tuan masha’ika

no resistance from accepting Islam influence

1300 1400 limited lang siya sa mga tarsila or high status na tao

Islam grew lalo na sa coastal parts in terms of trade and with

that napadali young influence nila

MINDANAO – since 1980 in the sulu archipelago may presence ng ng Islamic

culture.

Muslims in Mindanao:

Yakan – basilan

Tausug - Sulu

Samal & Badjao – tawi tawi

Maranao - lanao

Iranoi & Maguindanao - Cotabato

jama mapun – near sabah

bagobo -largest ethinic group sa Mindanao

Non- Muslims in Mindanao

Lumads – Cebuano for native (plural: lumadnon)

There are 18 lumad tribes (a collective term for non-christian and

non- muslim ethnic tribes)

Atta

Bagobo

Banwanon

B’laan

Bukidnon

mindanao notes 4
 Dibabawon

Higadnon

Mamanwa

Mandaya

Manguwangan

Manobo

Mansasaka

Subanen

Tagakaolo

Tasadat

T’boli

Teduray

Ubo

FORTS:

Settlement n aborded by a palisade

Palisade – long timber stakes pointed at the top and set close to each
other na nagsisilbing fort wall

Could be found in MINDANAO, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, and MANILA

dahil open sa karagatan ay nagfortify sila ng tirahan

forts or kota

intramurous pasig at manila bay strategy eon like beneficial

they tried to burn them pero naging bato

AUSTRONESIAN HOUSES IN MINDANAO ARCHIPELAGO

marano

tausug

yakan

samal

badjao

This allowed terrestrial at naval architecture

SEA NOMADS:

Samal

Tausug

Yakan

Badjao

Built on shorelines above sea level

mindanao notes 5
 raised din naman ang living space using stilts from baha

anchored ang mga bahay sa reef floor

silong is used for bathing dahail NASA dagat sila tsaka storage ng boat

HOUSES IN MINDANAO AND SULU ARCHIPELAGO

MARANAO (torogan

for sultan or datu basta powerful

near lagi as river for accesible

multi-family dwelling

windows ay front at right

PANOLONG ay extension of beams (parang palikpik)

OKIR geometric at flowing design

LAMI pag may daughter nasa atop sila

PARTS:

Niaga – motif

Panolong – extended beam (decorative position)

Tiali-tali – motif

Obar-obar – motif

Onsod – motif

Birdo – motif

Pulaos Bungan – king post

Lantay- Floor

Dulog – floor joist

Tukod – post

Bato – stone

pako rabong - fern

naga - serpent (hindu influence especially on south)

Indonesian and Malaysia ay practice hinduism medyo nalangs

MOTIFS TAKE NOTE:

Onsod – fence-like motif (triangular or pyramidal design

usually nasa façade siya laging nasa ilalim ng window)

taili-tali – rope like motif that symbolizes strength and unity ibabaw ng
window

obar-bar – flower like motif seen sa façade ng house usually sa upper

front and corner ng column

mindanao notes 6
 birdo- growing vine or scroll-like motif that symbolizes continuity for exterior
and interior uses thus, ket saan sa torogan

okkir not only as panolong meron din yan sa swords and woven or printed
textiles, wooden cemetery and wooden boxes and other more

geometric and flowing design (usually siya ay leaf and vine pattern

can be found Maranao and Muslim-influenced artwork

may gender:

okkir abay - babae

okkir dato - sa lalaki

STRUCTURAL:

25 post

rampatan or tinai a walai – isang support for the king post and high ridge
roof

22 load bearing

3 non bearing post

they put carabao inside

at magaaaway para makita kung matibay pag nasira uulit

yung tukod ay di nakatagos sa lupa nakapatong siya sa stones

para iwas defect

Pulaos Bungan – king post

Kalasagan – rafter

Tinai-a-walay – tie beam

Sumang – hip rafter

Lantay – floor board

Dulog – floor joist

Tukod – corner post

Tapuwilih – central post

Runding – wallboard

Atup – roof

Lamin – princess’ room

Lapa – princess bed

Tulang- kitchen

Pukananan – dining

Pugigaan – sleeping area

Towa – stair

Kerit – tread

mindanao notes 7
 Lalansay – hand embroidered drapery that covers interior wallboards

Somandeg – handmade ornamented piece of cloth

Mamandiang – opulently design piece na fabric laid horizontally

above sa wall kung nasaan yung bed ng sultan

Panggao – sultan’s bed

Sendigan – sultan’s area

Nasa tuktok ng lamin may sarimanok that is for wealth and power
prestige completeness and symbolism

MARANAO (Mala a walai – middle class home)

richest datu and naninirahan sa isang pagawid or controlled principality

walang panolong

may okir sa baseboards, window sills, and door jambs

it is a partition less structure with stilts pa din

MARANAO (lawig – for common people)

no inner kitchen

elevated pa din with stilts

walang ornamentation

light materials

TAUSUG:

tausug sa dagat or taong dagat/alon

second largest group of muslim filipinos or foremost indigenous

people sa archipelago

TAU GIMBA inland community

TAU HIGAD sa shoreline community

they need to consult manginita or imam for consultaion sa lugar ng house

TAUSUG (BAY SINUG):

bay sinug ay usual na makikita sa ridge ng gable roof or any Tausug

dwelling/ house

may kakaibang tadjuk pasung sa finials na shaped like ibon

pako rabong (fern)

naga yung serpent

or manuk-manuk

nakadepende sa design ng bahay yung stattus mo

made out of woven bamboo strips, plywood, split bamboo ,

coconut plam basta resourcable sa malapit lapit na shore

mindanao notes 8
 walang bintana puro wall slits para
di makita ng mga malalaki yung unmarried woman

STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS:

may choreo yung pag build dahil they consider ang bahay na living
entity

they believe na yung yung elements symbolizes the body

with this practice

mas magtatagal daw yung dwelling sabi ng mga tausug

arrangement:

pusod – middle post

tadyang left – corner post

shoulder right – opposite corner post

tadyang sa right – corner post

shoulder left – opposite corner post

tagiliran right – adjacent middle wall post

tagiliran left – adjacent middle wall post

leeg – adjacent middle na nasa wall post

genitals - adjacent middle na nasa wall post

PARTS:

Lubing-lubing – rafter

Tiyadtad – split bamboo wall

Hag – post

Batang-bubungan – ridge beam

Pusal – king post

Kasaw – purlins

Ubung – tie beam

Liug – central post

Hanglad – roof beam

Tadjuk pasung – bargeboard end decoration

Pantan – open space

Lawing – door

Dagtong – bamboo water containers

Gibayan – main house

Pang gong – receiving area

YAKAN (lumah)

mindanao notes 9
 basilan island sa mountainous interior specifically

one family lang ang user

no ceiling

no windows baka pasuan ng bad spirit

rectangular

ridged rood

single room pile structure

elevated sa ground with stilts

varied in size

parts:

salilihan – rafter

kulung – hip rafter

sampayan – roof beam

ding-ding – wall

tandiwan – window

pagnutih – floor joist

harren – ladder

ulum – post

babag – girder

gawang – door

salat – tie beam

pamatuk – wall post

Kasaw – purlin

Bubong – roof ridge

Kokan/Tindakan – main house with rituals

Kosina – kitchen

Pantan/ simpey – porch (separate na kusina tas connected with pantan)

SAMAL (salsal)

is a mix on various islands sa mga Tausug na siyang dominant group sa Jolo

island

mas dominant sila sa Borneo

PARTS:

Pang-tuud – king post

Habong- tie beam

Hanglad – girder

mindanao notes 10
 Salsal – joist

Taytayan-tikus – roof beam

Tukalog – stud

Bubung – roof

may sense of community and kinship

1 to 500 members of group

ilalim ng bahay ay garage ng boat or pelang

terrace ang pantan na siyang oriented usually nasa east

samal comfort room

ay hiwalay pa mismo sa bahay then diresto sa dagat yung excrete yayks

BADJAO (boat house)

Known as sea gypsies

They reside sa Zamboanga, basilan, jolo provinces, tawi-tawi at palawan

samal luwaaan - outcast

sama dilaut – people of the ocean

boat house – their shelter and for traveling

they could be classified as nomadic or settled

length ng bangka ay based sa status nila mas mayaman pag mabaha

if all children ay wala na pwede magasawa ulit or sumakabilang bangka

yung death ng family turns the boat as coffin

KINDS OF BOAT:

Dapang or vinta – used for short fishing trips

Parts:

Katig – outrigger ng boat

Paja – lashed bamboo flooring

Papan – floor boards

Mast – storage

Batangan – bow like wooden frame

Saplong – okir carving at the latter part ng bangka

Palansal

Roof

Saam

Sangrad

Bow

Palaw – permanenting tirahan or temporary lodging sa fishing trips

mindanao notes 11
 Lepa – faster type ng palaw na walang katig

Jengning – mas malaking houseboat with katig

PARTS:

Paja – lashed bamboo flooring

Panga – holo’s folded mast

Mast

Sabaw- Roof

Saam

Batangan

Katig

Banwa

Palarsyal

Saplong

Pat-tung(mast)

Sangrad

Label

Bow

Bugsay – paddle

Papan o lantay – floor board

Durukan – holds the base of mast

LUMA (house)

Permanenting bahay ng mga badjao

Floating shanty

Sand stiled

Harun/harunan – ladder na serves as wash area ng mga badjao

They use mirrors fro dringin evil spirits away sa bahay nila

MASJID OR MOSQUE

Built para sa mga misonaryo dati

Materials ay prone to deterioration like wood and bamboo and cogon

Easilty destroyed and earthquakes

Annual pilgrimage to mecca

It has multiple tiers na gawa sa bamboo and wood

Reminiscent of Chinese pagos or Javanese temple

Square plan

mindanao notes 12
 MASJID or MOSQUE

ganyan ang itsura ng masjid dati sa ph it resembles a Chinese pagoda or Javanese

temple

without the capability ng quarrying and use ng stones instead we used

cogon, kahoy and dahon - mga hindi nangtatagal

kailangan nilang palitan yun para magtagal

ephemeral - nadedemolish agad or through earthquake

multi-tier made of bamboo structure

looks the same sa chinese pagoda or javanese temple

air ventilation and lighting ????

2 TYPES OF MUSLIM WORSHIP PLACE:

Langal or rangal – meeting place chapel ganun

masjid ay mostly nasa water forms malapit malalaki sila talaga

may body of water yun ggolden mosque sa quiapo need ng body of

water yung mga masjid for purity dahil religious strucuture ean eh ;for
cleansing sa mga sasamba to take away impurities

CHARACTERISTICS:

mimbar (kung saan nagsesermn yung mga imam) is different from

western asia – hindi siya mataas

muqarnas – not present

tabo or jabu-jabu – instrument to call worshippers (kapalit ay minaret)

OLDEST MASJID OR MOSQUE:

SHEIK KARIMAL MAKDUM MOSQUE – found in Tubig Indangan in

Tawi Tawi (1380)

upon renovation they retained the old pillars as a

reminder sa tinagal ng pagserve ng mosque sa mga muslim.

SULTAN HASSANAI BOLKIAH MASJID - pinaka grande an

madrasah sa Marawi funded by brunei and palafox assoc. -
urban develpment

madrasah - school in marawi (theological college

ng muslim para maging imam sila in the future)

BLUE MOSQUE- cotabato city

SHARIFF ALAWI - cagayan

BACOLOD GRANDE - lanao del sur

MASJID KALAWI - lanao del sur

CAPITOL MOSQUE - marawi city

MASJID RAYA SAJAC - marawi city

mindanao notes 13
 hilal - crescent moon sa mga domes

MASJID ASMAUL HASMANIA - panang maguindano

HAPON RASJID MOSQUE - gaindalongan maguindanao

TALAY GRAND MOSQUE - jolo sulu

MASJID TANDU BANAK - tawi tawi

MASJID JAMIE - zamboanga city

BLUE MOSQUE - gabriel formoso na siyang nagdesign din

ng bangko central

MASJID AL-DAHAB MANILA - jorge ramos horhe (jorge)

sponsor ng marcos para sa visit ng libia president

mga lalaki lang pwede pumasok sa certain places

furniture ay upuan lang ng imam malapit sa qibla wall -

carpeted

mindanao notes 14