TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF CULIACAN

Management Skills II

Decision Making and Conflict management

1:00 - 2:00
ENSAYO
TEACHER: JORGE ADOLFO OBREGÓN ARAGON
STUDENT: MARIA ASENETH ESPINO FIGUEROA
Contenido
Decision making..............................................................................................................................3
Basis for decision making...........................................................................................................4
1. Problem definition:..............................................................................................................4
2. Information collection:.........................................................................................................4
3. Analysis of information:......................................................................................................4
4. Evaluation of alternatives:..................................................................................................4
5. Selection of the best alternative:.......................................................................................4
6. Implementation of the decision:.........................................................................................4
7. Monitoring and evaluation:.................................................................................................4
Management models for decision making................................................................................5
1. Rational model:....................................................................................................................5
2. Limited rationality model:...................................................................................................5
3. Political model:.....................................................................................................................5
4. Intuitive model:.....................................................................................................................5
5. Model of the creative process:...........................................................................................5
Decision-making process...........................................................................................................5
1. Problem identification:........................................................................................................5
2. Search for information:.......................................................................................................5
3. Evaluation of alternatives:..................................................................................................5
4. Decision making:.................................................................................................................6
5. Implementation of the decision:.........................................................................................6
6. Decision evaluation:............................................................................................................6
Decision-making styles...............................................................................................................6
1. Autocratic:............................................................................................................................6
2. Democratic:..........................................................................................................................6
3. Consultative:........................................................................................................................6
4. Laissez-faire:........................................................................................................................6
5. Permissive:...........................................................................................................................6
6. Collegiate:............................................................................................................................6
Conflict Management......................................................................................................................7
Sub-themes on conflict management:......................................................................................7
2.1 Stages of the conflict:...........................................................................................................7
2.2 Dispute Resolution Mechanisms:.......................................................................................7
2.2.1 Negotiation:....................................................................................................................7
2.2.1.1 Basis for negotiation:.....................................................................................................7
2.2.1.2 Process for successful negotiation:.............................................................................8
2.3 Efficient Ways of Conflict Management:............................................................................8
2.4 Negotiation in different social contexts:.............................................................................8
Decision making

Basis for decision making

1. Problem definition:
The first step is to identify and clearly define the problem you want to solve. This
involves understanding the current situation, the objectives being pursued and the
possible solutions.

2. Information collection:
It is essential to collect relevant and accurate information about the problem. This
may include historical data, market analysis, expert opinions and similar case
studies.

3. Analysis of information:
Once the information is collected, it must be carefully analyzed to identify the
causes of the problem, possible solutions and its potential consequences.

4. Evaluation of alternatives:
The different solution alternatives must be evaluated, considering their advantages,
disadvantages, risks and costs.

5. Selection of the best alternative:

After evaluating the alternatives, the one that best fits the objectives and needs of
the organization must be selected.

6. Implementation of the decision:

The decision made must be implemented effectively, communicating it to all those
involved and assigning responsibilities for its execution.

7. Monitoring and evaluation:

It is important to monitor and evaluate the decision made to verify its effectiveness
and make adjustments if necessary.
Management models for decision making
1. Rational model:
This model seeks to make decisions in a logical and objective manner, following a
series of predefined steps.

2. Limited rationality model:

This model recognizes that managers have limitations in the information they can
process and the time they have to make decisions.

3. Political model:
This model considers that decisions are made in a political context, where different
actors seek to influence the final result.

4. Intuitive model:
This model relies on the manager's personal experience and judgment to make
decisions.

5. Model of the creative process:

This model seeks to generate innovative solutions through creativity and
collaboration.

Decision-making process
1. Problem identification:
The first step is to identify and clearly define the problem you want to solve.

2. Search for information:

Relevant information about the problem is sought, including data, expert opinions,
and past experiences.
3. Evaluation of alternatives:
Different solutions to the problem are generated and evaluated, considering their
advantages, disadvantages and risks.

4. Decision making:
The best solution to the problem is selected, considering the organization's
objectives and available resources.

5. Implementation of the decision:

The selected solution is implemented, communicating it to those involved and
assigning responsibilities.

6. Decision evaluation:
The effectiveness of the decision made is evaluated and adjustments are made if
necessary.

Decision-making styles
1. Autocratic:
The manager makes the decision alone, without consulting anyone.

2. Democratic:
The manager consults those involved before making the decision.

3. Consultative:
The manager seeks the opinion of those involved, but makes the final decision.

4. Laissez-faire:
The manager allows those involved to make the decision for themselves.

5. Permissive:
The manager gives those involved freedom to make the decision, but reserves the
right to veto.
 6. Collegiate:
The decision is made by a group of people working together.Choosing the
appropriate style will depend on the situation, the complexity of the problem, and
the time available to make the decision.

Conflict Management

Conflict management is a set of skills and strategies for resolving disagreements

effectively and constructively. It seeks to minimize the negative impact of conflict,
promote communication and understanding between the parties involved, and
reach solutions that meet the needs of all.
Some key elements of conflict management include:
 Effective communication: Listen actively, express yourself clearly, and be
empathetic.
 Negotiation: Seeking win-win solutions through a structured process.
 Problem solving: Identify the problem, generate solutions, evaluate them, and
choose the best option.
 Mediation: Find a neutral third party to help the parties reach an agreement.
 Conflict Management Styles: Competitive, accommodating, evasive, and
collaborative.

Sub-themes on conflict management:

2.1 Stages of the conflict:

1. Latency: Underlying tension not visible.
2. Perception: The parties become aware of the conflict and interpret it.
3. Escalation: Increased tension and negative emotions.
4. Crisis: Peak of conflict with negative actions.
5. De-escalation: Reduction of tension and search for solutions.
6. Resolution: Agreement and restoration of the relationship.
2.2 Dispute Resolution Mechanisms:
2.2.1 Negotiation:
Finding win-win solutions through a structured process.
2.2.1.1 Basis for negotiation:
 Preparation: Investigation of the problem, definition of objectives and
strategies.
 Effective communication: Active listening and clear expression.
 Empathy: Understanding the other person's perspective.
 Interests: Focus on interests, not positions.
 Options: Generation of creative solutions that satisfy both parties.
 2.2.1.2 Process for successful negotiation:
1. Preparation: Definition of the problem, objectives and interests.
2. Initiation: Creating a positive environment and rules.
3. Information sharing: Share relevant information about the problem.
4. Option generation: Finding creative solutions for both parties.
5. Evaluation of options: Analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each
solution.
6. Selecting the best option: Agreement that satisfies both parties.
7. Closing: Formalization of the agreement and follow-up mechanisms.

2.3 Efficient Ways of Conflict Management:

 Effective communication: Active listening, clear expression, and empathy.
 Negotiation: Finding win-win solutions through a structured process.
 Mediation: Finding a neutral third party to help the parties reach an
agreement.
 Arbitration: Seeking a neutral third party to make a decision binding on the
parties.

2.4 Negotiation in different social contexts:

 Business: Negotiation of contracts, commercial agreements, and dispute
resolution.
 Politics: Negotiation of agreements between countries, political parties, or
interest groups.
 Family: Negotiation of family roles, responsibilities, and decisions.
 Community: Negotiation of solutions to problems that affect the community.