23/01/2024

 Sankhya Darshan is one of the most ancient philosophical schools of India.

Maharshi Kapila is known as the ‘Acharya’ of Sankhya Darshan. He
composed ‘Sankhya Sutra’ and Tatvasamas.
 Maharshi Patanjali is known as the founder of ‘Yoga Darshan.’ Although the
history of yoga in Indian tradition is very old. The description about yoga is
found in Upanishad, Mahabharat, Bhagavad Geeta, Jain and Buddha texts.
However, Maharshi Patanjali explained it as a compact philosophical theory.
So it is called as 'Patanjali Darshan’.
 The theory of Karma is related to ‘Mimansa’ philosophy. It is also known as
Karma Mimansa, Poorva Mimansa or Dharma Mimansa. The acharya of
Mimansa, Kumaril Bhatta is considered as the link between Poorva Mimansa
and Vedanta.
 Maharshi Kanad was the founder of Vaisheshika School of Indian philosophy.
He propounded atom theory and called as the founder of Indian Atomism.
According to this theory, material subjects are made up of atoms. The
Vaisheshika thus marked the beginning of physics in India. Kanad was fi rst
to prove that atom is the smallest unit of any matter. Atom cannot be seen
through naked eyes and cannot be further divided. The Vaisheshika school
gives importance to the discussion of material elements or dravya. Earth,
water, fi re, air and sky when combined give rise to new objects.
 Vikram Samvat was launched in 57 or 58 BC, and Saka Samvat in 78 AD.
Though Gupta dynasty was founded by Srigupta, however, the reign of
Chandragupta-I is considered as the beginning of Gupta empire. Although,
Muhammad Bin Qasim annexed Sindh region in the early 8th century, but
the period of Muslim rule in India began in 1192 AD after the victory of
Ghori in the battle of Tarain.
 Emperor Harsha’s southward march was stopped on the Narmada river by
Pulakeshin II, a Chalukyan ruler who defeated Harsha. This incident is
mentioned in Aihole inscription of Pulakeshin II and description of Hiuen
Tsang.
 The traveller from China, Hiuen Tsang arrived in India during Harsha’s period
and went to Nalanda University in 637 AD. Acharya Sheelbhadra was the
Vice-Chancellor of Nalanda University at that time. He learned Yogashashtra
 there almost one and half year. He also delivered a speech during his
second visit to Nalanda University.
 The Chinese pilgrim Fa-Hien came to India during the reign of
Chandragupta-II and travelled to various places of India between 399-414
AD. Chinese pilgrim Hiuen-Tsang travelled to India from Changan, the capital
of Tang rulers in 629AD. Harsha had already leaned towards Buddhism
before meeting Hiuen-Tsang. After meeting Huien-Tsang, Harsha granted
royal patronage to “Mahayana”, a branch of Buddhism and became Buddhist.
 Amir Khusro was the poet laureate of Alauddin Khalji. Kalidas was the poet
laureate of Chandragupta II and one of the ‘Navratna’ of his court. Harisena
was the loyal secretary of Samudragupta and Banabhatta was the poet
laureate of Harashvardhan