Prelim Reviewer

Tourism in the ASEAN perspective

ASEAN – Association of southeast asian nations was established on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok,
Thailand.

Asean is an economic, social, and a political union of 10 countries in southeast Asia. It is said
that the symbol in asean represents all the colour of the state crests of all asean members which
means stable, peaceful, united, and dynamic asean.
Members of asean:
- Indonesia
- Malaysia
- Philippines Founding members
- Singapore
- Thailand
- Brunei
- Vietnam
- Laos
- Myanmar
- Cambodia

Asean Declaration – its purpose is to accelerate the economic growth, social progress, and
cultural development. It also aims to promote regional peace and stability through respect for
justice and the rules of law in the relationship. it also supports collaboration and mutual
assistance on matters of common interest in the economic, social, cultural, technical, scientific,
and administrative fields.

Adopted fundamental principles of asean as contained in the Treaty of amity and

cooperation in southeast asian (TAC) of 1975.

1. Mutual respect for the independence, sovereignty, equality, territorial integrity, and
national identity of all nations
2. The right of every State to lead its national existence free from external interference,
subversion or coercion.
3. Non-interference in the internal affairs of one another
4. Settlement of differences or disputes by peaceful manner
5. Renunciation of the threat or use of force; and
6. Effective cooperation among themselves.

ASEAN community

The ASEAN Community pursues the goal of ASEAN’s founding fathers of improving the lives of
Southeast Asia peoples through economic and cultural development, social progress, regional
peace and security, collaboration, mutual assistance in training and research, improvement of
living standards, promotion of Southeast Asian studies and cooperation with regional and
international organisations.

3 Pillars of ASEAN community

 Asean political security community (APSC)

o Enhance rules and good governance for ASEAN.
 Asean economic community (AEC)
o Enhance integration and competitiveness of ASEAN.
  Asean socio cultural community (ASCC)
o Enhance the well-being and livelihood of ASEAN people.

3 Pillars’ coordinating council.

- APSC- Department of foreign affairs

- AEC - Department of trade and industry
- ASCC - Department of social welfare and development

APSC blueprint

- Political cooperation: shared values and norms

- Security cooperation: cohesive, peaceful, stable, and resilient
- External relations: dynamic and outward looking

APSC related mechanisms

- ZOPFAN: peace, free, and neutral

o A framework of peace and cooperation that is not only limited to the Southeast
Asia region but covers the wider Asia Pacific region, including major powers in
the form of voluntary self-restraints.
- TAC: treaty of amity and cooperation in southeast asia
o a Treaty that aims to create political and security stability in the Southeast Asia
region.
- SEANWFZ: Southeast asia nuclear weapon free zone
o a treaty that aims to create a nuclear-free Southeast Asia Region. The treaty was
signed at the ASEAN Summit in Bangkok, December 15, 1995.

APSC milestone

- 42 asean committees and in third country

- 78 non asean member state have credited their ambassadors to asean
- Tac has now 32 high contracting parties

AEC related mechanisms

- ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement (ATIGA)

- ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services (AFAS
- ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement (ACIA)
- ASEAN Investment Agreement (AIA)
- ASEAN Agreement on Movement of Natural Persons (AAMNP)
- Mutual Recognition Arrangements on Services (MRAs).

ASEAN Open Skies policy

The Open Skies policy, which is also known as the ASEAN Single Aviation Market (ASEAN-
SAM), is intended to increase regional and domestic connectivity, integrate production networks
and enhance regional trade.

5 characteristics of ASCC

- Engages and benefits the people.

- Exclusive
- Sustainable
- Resilient
 - Dynamic

ASCC vision, objectives and strategic measures addressed by 15 asean sectoral bodies:

1. Health
2. Education
3. Youth
4. Sports
5. Culture and arts
6. Information
7. Social welfare and development
8. Women
9. Rural development and poverty eradication
10. Rights of women and children
11. Environment
12. Transboundary haze
13. Disaster management
14. Labour
15. Civil service

ASCC related mechanisms

- Asean women entrepreneurs’ network (AWEN)

- Asean social work consortium (ASCW)
- Network on experts on exclusive entrepreneurship in asean
- Asean children forum
- Asean GO-NGO forum on social welfare and development.
- Asean forum on rural development and poverty
- Eradication
- Asean forum on migrant labour
- Asean china environmental cooperation forum
- Asean forum on sustainable consumption and production

Values of ASEAN
Constructed values – something we don’t have, and we aim to have.

- Shared political values.

- Increase economic welfare.
- Socio cultural

ASEAN WAY

- Noninterference in member states internal affair

- Consensus, not majoritarian decision making.
- Decision: non-binding, voluntary compliance
- Peaceful resolution of disputes
- Contrast with EU’s development.
-
Inherited values – something we already have.

ASEAN’s motto

– one vision, one identity, one community.

 ASEAN CHARTER
- Is a landmark constitutional document for asean refiring asean’s status as an
international organization. It was created only after 40 years of confidence building and
cooperation and signed at the 40th anniversary of the association on dec. 15, 2008.

Asean summit

- It is the highest policy making body in asean comprising the hands of state of
government of asean member states.
- Asean summit are usually held where the host or chair is.
- asean summit held twice annually.
- Based on chapter 4 article 7, asean summit shall comprise the hands of state or
government.

Asean chairmanship

- Sept. 7, 2023, was when the Indonesia handed the chairmanship to Laos or Lao PDR
- The Lao pdr in 2024 will focus on enhancing ASEANs connectivity and resilience
through intensifying aseans cooperation under the 3 community pillars.

Asean secretariat

- H.E. means his excellency.

- Asean secretariat was set up in feb 1976 by foreign minister of asean.
- Secretary general of ASEAN is Dr. Kao Kim Hourn from Cambodia.
- They only serve a term of 5 years before changing a new secretary.

Deputy secretary – general

The Secretary-General of ASEAN shall be assisted by four Deputy Secretaries-General (DSGs).

The four DSGs shall be of different nationalities from the Secretary-General and shall come
from four different ASEAN Member States. The DSGs shall comprise:

- two DSGs are nominated by Member States on a rotational basis for a non-renewable
term of three years, and
- two DSGs are openly recruited based on merit for a term of three years, which may be
renewed for another three years.

Current DSGs:

- Aziz, 2024
- Singh, 2021
- Phanthabong, 2021
- Soerapto, 2024

LAO PDR THEME: ASEAN: enhancing connectivity and resilience.

ASEAN journey

1967 – Bangkok declaration/asean declaration

- “Promote regional peace and stability through abiding respect for justice and the rule of
law.”

1997 – Asean vision 2020

- adopted by the ASEAN Leaders on the 30th Anniversary of ASEAN, “ASEAN as a

concert of southeast asian nations, outwards looking, living in peace, stability and
 prosperity, bonded together in partnership in dynamic development and in a community
of caring societies”.

2003 – Bali concord II

- An asean community shall be established comprising three pillars, namely political and
security cooperation, economic cooperation, and socio-cultural cooperation.”

2007 – Cebu declaration

- “Accelerate the establishment of an ASEAN community by 2015”.

2015 – Asean community

- 2015 – 2025

ASEAN External Relations sets out the framework for ASEAN to widen and deepen its
relations with external parties through the conferment of the formal status of Dialogue
Partner (DPs), Sectoral Dialogue Partner (SDPs) and Development Partner.

ASEAN has established Dialogue Partnerships with:

Australia
Canada
China
European Union
India
Japan
Republic of Korea
New Zealand
Russian Federation
United States
United Kingdom

Sectoral Dialogue Partnerships with:

Norway
Pakistan
Switzerland
Turkey

Development Partnerships with:

Chile
France
Germany
Italy

ASEAN dialogue partners

A Dialogue Partner helps support ASEAN Community Building.
A Sectoral Dialogue Partner engages in two or more ASEAN Sectoral Bodies.
A Development Partner assists ASEAN’s development trajectory.
A Special Observer has long been associated with ASEAN and may be invited to attend the
opening and closing ceremonies of the ASEAN Foreign Ministerial Meetings/Post Ministerial
Conferences (AMM/PMC) on a regular basis. It should only be granted to potential members of
ASEAN.
Observers include East Timor and Papua New Guinea (both applying for ASEAN membership).

ASEAN plus 3
Began as an Informal Summit among the Leaders of ASEAN and China, Japan and the ROK at
the sidelines of the Second ASEAN Informal Summit in Malaysia in December 1997.
ASEAN Plus Three (APT) Cooperation Work Plan 2018-2022 serves as a principal guide to
enhance APT cooperation over the next five years towards achieving the long-term goal of
establishing an East Asia community.

East Asia Summit

- a meeting of 18 regional leaders for strategic dialogue and cooperation on political,
security, and economic challenges facing the Asia Pacific Region.
- has 18 members.
- The chair of ASEAN is also the chair of the EAS.
- First meeting was held in December 2005.

Asean regional forum

an important platform for security dialogue in the Asia Pacific Region. It provides a setting in
which members can discuss current security issues and develop cooperative measures to
enhance peace and security in the region and it comprises 27 members.

International organizations
Asean development bank (ADB)
- Goal: Fostering partnership to promote regional cooperation and integration in ASEAN.
The ADB was conceived in the early 1960s as a financial institution that would be Asian
in character and foster economic growth and cooperation in one of the poorest regions in
the world.
Asean infrastructure fund (AIF)
- A dedicated fund established by ADB and ASEAN member nations to address the
ASEAN region’s infrastructure development needs by mobilizing regional savings,
including foreign exchange reserves.
As a multilateral development finance institution, ADB provides:
• loans
• technical assistance
• grants
Economic cooperation organization (ECO)
- an inter-governmental regional organization encompassing countries from Europe,
Caucuses and Central Asia, Middle East and South Asia connecting Russia to Persian
Gulf and China to Europe.
- Focus points: trade, transport and connectivity, tourism, energy, economic growth and
productivity, social welfare and environment, partnerships, capacity building and training
programs.
Gulf cooperation council (GCC)

- The Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC) is a regional
organisation, with six members and was set up in 1981, its objectives are to enhance
coordination, integration, and inter-connection among its members.

South Asian association for regional cooperation (SAARC)

was established with the signing of the SAARC Charter in Dhaka on 8 December 1985. SAARC
comprises of eight Member States.