Wolfgang Kohler’s Experiment on Insight Learning

Insight learning can be defined as suddenly understanding the relationship between a problem
and a solution. When learning occurs through insight, the correct solution not only appears
seemingly out of nowhere but also repeated readily of subsequent presentations of that
problem.
Insight learning involves perceptual stimuli that are restructured in different ways and these
on cognitive processes. It is the “aha” or “I’ve got it” experience when a problem is solved
suddenly. At times, insight comes dramatically and the problem suddenly clear.
Wolfgang Kohler conducted experiments to study insight learning in chimpanzees,
particularly focusing on a chimp named Sultan. In one scenario, Sultan attempted to retrieve a
banana bunch using a short stick inside the cage and a long stick outside the cage. After
unsuccessful attempts with the short stick, Sultan, seemingly after a period of play, suddenly
grasped the concept of using both sticks together to reach the banana. This demonstrated
cognitive insight.
In another experiment, Sultan faced a banana bunch hanging out of reach and three boxes
inside the cage. Initially, Sultan unsuccessfully tried to jump for the bananas. However, after
careful observation, he stacked the boxes to create steps, enabling him to reach the bananas.
This problem-solving approach showcased Sultan's ability to use seemingly useless items in a
meaningful way through cognitive insight. These experiments highlighted the chimpanzee's
capacity for problem-solving and understanding the environment through sudden realization
and creative thinking.

Insight learning is characterized by several key features:

1. Dependence on Problem Arrangement: Insightful problem solving is facilitated by the
arrangement of the problem situation. A well-organized setting, with materials and tools in a
logical order, enhances the ability to perceive relationships. In Kohler's experiment, the
chimpanzee Sultan could solve the problem because he could visually access the boxes or
sticks arranged near him.

2. Scanning and Mental Manipulation: Humans, like Sultan, engage in scanning their
surroundings and mentally manipulating and rearranging objects purposefully in order to find
a solution. This process involves a cognitive effort to understand and establish relationships
between elements in the environment.

3. Repeatability of Solutions: Solutions obtained through insight learning can be easily

repeated and reused. Once a successful insight occurs, as demonstrated by Sultan using a
stick to reach bananas, the individual is likely to employ the same solution strategy when
faced with a similar problem in the future.
4. Applicability to New Situations: Insight learning allows for the application of acquired
solutions to novel problems. In Sultan's case, he didn't resort to trial and error when faced
with a similar problem; instead, he applied the cognitive relationship he had established
between the sticks and the banana bunch to find a quick and effective solution.

5. Sudden Appearance of Insight: Insightful solutions emerge suddenly and seemingly out of
nowhere. The individual experiences a shift in perception, and the entire situation takes on a
new form. This abrupt realization reflects a cognitive restructuring that allows the individual
to see the problem and its solution in a different, more meaningful light.

Source- https://tyonote.com/insight_learning/