QUANTITATIVE

RESEARCH
PROBLEM
Identifying the Inquiry and Stating the Problem

LESSON 2
Learning Goals
After this discussion, you are expected to have the ability
to…
• evaluate the quality of quality of quantitative research problem
and research problem and research questions
• distinguish a researchable from a non-researchable research
problem.
• formulate a clear statement of the problem in quantitative
research
• state research questions
Learning Goals
After this discussion, you are expected to have the ability
to…
• formulate a clear statement of the problem in quantitative
research
• discuss the essential elements of the background of the study;
• formulate the background of the study
• indicate scopes and delimitation of study
• cite benefits and beneficiaries of study
• formulate a research paradigm
LIFE REMINDER….
RESEARCH QUESTION VS.
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
PROBLEM
 QUANTITATIVE VS. RESEARCH
RESEARCH PROBLEM
QUESTIONS
A research problem These are specific
(statement of the problem
or problem statement) is questions or sub
an area where there is a questions to specify
gap in the knowledge base
needed for professional
the scope and the
purposes. It is method in collecting
characterized by precision, and analyzing data,
precision, specificity, or
stability geared toward a give you the right
possible result.. direction in your
research.
 SOURCES OF
QUANTITATIVE PROBLEM
AGENCIES OF THE
1 GOVERNMENT, OR ANY 2 DAILY EXPERIENCE OF A PERSON

NONGOVERNMENT
INSTITUTIONS

PRESENT POLITICAL SOCIAL ECONOMIC

3 PREVIOUS RESEARCH 4 ISSUES IN SOCIETY
FINDINGS

5 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

 SELECTING A GOOD
RESEARCH PROBLEM
SIGNIFICANT It should serve as a purpose
ORIGINAL It has to be unique and the problem
should be new
FEASIBLE Knowledge on the condition of the
RESEARCHABLE
study
Open to empirical investigation
CURRENT Based on current problems
ETHICAL Anchored on a morally good
perspective
Samples of Research Titles
based on the area or field of study
The Humanities and
Social Sciences
Education
1. Level of Difficulty and Practical Research
Outputs Among Senior High Schools in
Selected Private Schools.

1. Attributes of Test Papers and Level of

Performance of Students: Basis for the
Formulation of Academic Intervention
Program
The Humanities and
Social Sciences
Sociology
1. The Role of Gender Stereotypes in Career
Choices: An Examination of Women in
STEM Fields
2. Racial Disparities in Policing and Criminal
Justice Outcomes: An Analysis of Stop-
and-Frisk Policies"
Accounting, Business and
Management
Business Management
1. Effects of Human Resource Management
on Project Success and Effectiveness
Accounting, Business and
Management
Marketing
1. Comparing the Salability of the
Company’s Product in a New Package
versus in the Old Package
Science Technology, Engineering,
and Mathematics
Engineering
1. Spatial Variability of In-situ Soil Properties
2. Self Healing Concrete
Science Technology, Engineering,
and Mathematics
NUrsing
1. Pragmatism Rules: The Intervention and
Prevention Strategies used by Psychiatric
Nurses
2. Effects of auricular acupressure on the
quality of sleep and anxiety in patients
undergoing cardiac surgery: A single-
blind, randomized controlled trial
Science Technology, Engineering,
and Mathematics
Biological Science
1. COVID-19 Outpatients -Early Risk-
Stratified Treatment with Zinc Plus Low
Dose Hydroxychloroquine and
Azithromycin:
Science Technology, Engineering,
and Mathematics
Chemistry
1. Angiotensin I-Converting-Enzyme-
Inhibitory and Antibacterial Peptides from
Lactobacillus helveticus PR4 Proteinase-
Hydrolyzed Caseins of Milk from Six
Species
2.
Science Technology, Engineering,
and Mathematics
Information and
Technology
1. Current trends in consumption of
multimedia content using online
streaming platforms: A user-centric
survey
Guidelines in Formulating
Quantitative Problem and
Research Questions
It clearly states the main
Guidelines in
problem, written in a Formulating
declarative statement.
Quantitative
Example 1: The study aims to determine the relations between Research Problem
the adolescents usage pattern of social media and their kevel of
school performance.

Example 2: The study aims to ascertain the association

between the adolescents usage pattern of social media and
their level of sociability in school
It shows the major
Example 3: The study aims to describe the usage pattern of variables to be
social media of male and female adolescents and its examined in the
association with their level of self- esteem.
study and the
Example 4: The study aims to compare the usage pattern of relations of the
social media of male and female adolescents and its relations variables that the
with their involvement in school activities. research intends to.
 Guidelines in
Types of Quantitative Formulating
Research Questions Quantitative
Descriptive Research Questions – ask questions on the Research
1 kind , qualifications, categories of the subjects or participants.
Questions
2 Relations Questions – ask questions on associations or
relationships of two or more variables.

Causal Questions – reasons behind the effects of the

3 independent variable on the dependent variable is the focus of
these types of research questions.
 Main Problem Guidelines in
Statement of the Problem
The study aims to determine the relations between the
Formulating
adolescents’ usage pattern of social media and their level of
school performance.
Quantitative
1. Research Question 1: What is the usage pattern of social
media of the adolescent based on the following:
Research
State the research
1.1 type of gadgets/s that they used
1.2 website or applications accessed
Questions
questions, not in
1.3 reasons for accessing the website or applications the form of yes-or-
1.4 frequency of use of the social media in a week
Sub 2. Research Question 2: What is their level of academic no
performance in
terms of their: Ask questions to
Problems 2.1 exam results get the data
2.2 participation in classroom activities
2.3 submission of requirements (assignments and projects) needed
2.4 tardiness and absences
3. Research Question 3: What is the relations between the
adolescents’ usage pattern of social media and their level of
school performance? Have a valid
significance in
relation to the
study
Informative
Accurate RESEARCH TITLE
Clear
Concise

CURRENT

ETHICAL
 Guidelines in
The introduction is very Writing
important in establishing
the cognitive setting of the Introduction
research and it involves

1 discussing why there is a need to study the problem

clarifying the important terminologies for the reader

2 to easily understand what the research is about,

3 Establishing the degree of seriousness of the

problem
 Guidelines in
The following questions will aid
the researcher in formulating the
Writing
introduction: Introduction
1 What is the rationale of the research problem? A narration of
the researcher’s experience that has driven him/her to conduct
the study is commonly done.

What is the setting of the research problem? This describes to

2 the reader the place where the research is conducted since the
setting has significant bearing on the variables being studied.

3 What is the basic literature foundation of the study ? This part

defines or clarifies the terms or variables used in the study
 Guidelines in
The following questions will aid
the researcher in formulating the
Writing
introduction: Introduction
4 How serious is the chosen research problem? The researcher
must see the intensity and magnitude of the problem

5 What is the general objective of the research problem? This is

derived from the general statement of the problem and should
be the basis of the enumerated statements of specific
problems.

6 What is the overall purpose of the research problem? It must be

stressed that the researcher should be totally aware of the
purpose of the research problem.
 Guidelines in
How important is the problem
being investigated?
Writing
It is in this section that explains
who benefits from the research
Significance of the
paper and why they are Study
benefiting from it.

1 Why is your study important?

2
To whom is it important? Or who are the beneficiaries or who
will benefit from the study

3 What benefit (s) will occur if your study is done

 Guidelines in
The SCOPE refers to the
concern or “what/who is Writing
included in the study” while
DELIMITATION deals with Scope and
“what/ who is excluded in the
study
Delimitation
1 A brief statement of the general purpose

2 Subject matter and topics studied

3 The locale of the study, where the data were gathered or the
entity to which the data belong

4 The population or universe from which the respondents were

selected.

5 The period of the study

Guidelines in Formulating
Conceptual Framework

1 The Theoretical Framework
which may be formulated from
an existing theory/ ies serves as
the foundation of the study. In
such case, the paradigm that is
originally used by the theorist
can be fully adapted in the
present study. It can also
adapted since the researcher
can add or subtract variables
from the original framework
provided the whole theory is
utilized.
Theoretical
Framework &
Conceptual
2 Framework
The Conceptual Framework is
the researcher’s own model
illustrating the variables that
specify the problem and gives
the direction of the study. It may
be an adaptation of a model in
an early theory with
modifications to suit the inquiry.
 Conceptual Framework
should cover
• Establishment of the tentative relationships
between the dependent and independent
variables included in the study

• Visualizing the entire process of the study

among the identified issues or variables.
 Paradigm of the study
The result of a clear understanding of the conceptual or theoretical
framework is a diagrammatic of the study called the paradigm

COMMON PARADIGM OR MODELS

1. IPO model (input-process-output) . This
model is largely used when the research attempts to
isolate the factor or major variable that causes the
problem, subject, or phenomenon under investigation.
 Paradigm of the study
The result of a clear understanding of the conceptual or theoretical
framework is a diagrammatic of the study called the paradigm

COMMON PARADIGM OR MODELS

2. IV- DV(independent – dependent
variable) model. This model in experiment – based
studies. The are higher order as situation relating.
 Paradigm of the study
The result of a clear understanding of the conceptual or theoretical
framework is a diagrammatic of the study called the paradigm

COMMON PARADIGM OR MODELS

3. PC model (predictor- criterion model) This model is used when
relating and assessing the influence between two or more variables. Studies that
focus on relationships, associations, differences, and impacts will benefit from this
model.
 Paradigm of the study
The result of a clear understanding of the conceptual or theoretical
framework is a diagrammatic of the study called the paradigm

COMMON PARADIGM OR MODELS

4. - P model. This model is used in
research studies that propose a program or
any intervention measure. It fits the situation
producing level of questioning.
 Paradigm of the study
The result of a clear understanding of the conceptual or theoretical
framework is a diagrammatic of the study called the paradigm
COMMON PARADIGM OR MODELS
5. POM (proposed original model). This model is used when the researcher
presents an original paradigm . The requirement it must be scientific.